Details

Lubricants and Lubrication

3. Aufl.

von: Theo Mang, Wilfried Dresel
368,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley-VCH
Format:	EPUB
Veröffentl.:	02.02.2017
ISBN/EAN:	9783527645572
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	1262

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Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

Praise for the previous edition: "Contains something for everyone involved in lubricant technology." —Chemistry & Industry This completely revised third edition incorporates the latest data available and reflects the knowledge of one of the largest companies active in the business. The authors take into account the interdisciplinary character of the field, considering aspects of engineering, materials science, chemistry, health and safety. The result is a volume providing chemists and engineers with a clear interdisciplinary introduction and guide to all major lubricant applications, focusing not only on the various products but also on specific application engineering criteria. <ul> <li>A classic reference work, completely revised and updated (approximately 35% new material) focusing on sustainability and the latest developments, technologies and processes of this multi billion dollar business</li> <li>Provides chemists and engineers with a clear interdisciplinary introduction and guide to all major lubricant applications, looking not only at the various products but also at specific application engineering criteria</li> <li>All chapters are updated in terms of environmental and operational safety. New guidelines, such as REACH, recycling alternatives and biodegradable base oils are introduced</li> <li>Discusses the integration of micro- and nano-tribology and lubrication systems</li> <li>Reflects the knowledge of Fuchs Petrolub SE, one of the largest companies active in the lubrication business</li> </ul> 2 Volumes wileyonlinelibrary.com/ref/lubricants

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Contributors XXXVII A Word of Thanks XXXIX Preface to the 3rd Edition XLI Abbreviations XLIII Volume 1 1 Lubricants and Their Market 1 Theo Mang and Apu Gosalia 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Lubricants Demand 2 1.3 Lubricants Competitor Landscape 5 1.4 Lubricant Systems 7 References 9 2 Lubricants in the Tribological System 11 Theo Mang and Christian Busch 2.1 Lubricants as Part of Tribological Research 11 2.2 The Tribological System 12 2.3 Friction 12 2.4 Wear 21 References 29 3 Rheology of Lubricants 31 Theo Mang 3.1 Viscosity 31 3.2 Influence of Temperature on Viscosity (V–T Behaviour) 33 3.3 Viscosity–Pressure Dependency 34 3.4 The Effect of Shear Rate on Viscosity 37 3.5 Special Rheological Effects 38 3.6 Viscosity Grades 39 3.7 Viscosity Measurements 42 Nael Zaki 3.8 Viscosity Measurements at High Pressure 47 References 49 4 Base Oils 51 Theo Mang and Georg Lingg 4.1 Base Oils: A Historical Review and Outlook 51 4.2 Chemical Characterization of Mineral Base Oils 52 4.3 Refining 55 4.4 Base Oil Manufacturing by Hydrogenation and Hydrocracking 62 4.5 Boiling and Evaporation Behaviour of Base Oils 73 4.6 Base Oil Categories and Evaluation of Various Petroleum Base Oils 78 References 81 5 Synthetic Base Oils 83 Wilfried Dresel 5.1 Synthetic Hydrocarbons 84 5.2 Halogenated Hydrocarbons 91 5.3 Synthetic Esters 92 5.4 Polyalkylene Glycols 98 5.5 Other Polyethers 100 5.6 Other Synthetic Base Oils 105 5.7 Comparison of Synthetic Base Oils 109 5.8 Mixtures of Synthetic Lubricants 109 References 110 6 Additives 117 Jürgen Braun 6.1 Antioxidants 118 6.2 Viscosity Modifiers 124 6.3 Pour Point Depressants (PPD) 129 6.4 Detergents and Dispersants 130 6.5 Antifoam Agents 136 6.6 Demulsifiers and Emulsifiers 137 6.7 Dyes 138 6.8 Antiwear (AW) and Extreme Pressure (EP) Additives 138 6.9 Friction Modifiers (FM) 144 6.10 Corrosion Inhibitors 145 References 151 7 Lubricants in the Environment 153 Rolf Luther 7.1 Definition of ‘Environment-Compatible Lubricants’ 153 7.2 Current Situation 156 7.3 Tests to Evaluate Biotic Potential 162 7.4 Environmental Legislation 1: Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACh) 169 7.5 Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling (GHS) 175 7.6 Environmental Legislation 2: Classification and Labelling of Chemicals 177 7.7 Environmental Legislation 3: Regular use 180 7.8 Environmental Legislation 4: Emissions 184 7.9 Standardization of Environment-Compatible Hydraulic Fluids 188 7.10 Environmental Seal 194 7.11 Base Fluids 214 7.12 Additives 216 7.13 Products (Examples) 218 7.14 Safety Aspects of Handling Lubricants (Working Materials) 220 7.15 Skin Problems Caused by Lubricants 225 Further Reading 232 8 Disposal of Used Lubricating Oils 237 Theo Mang 8.1 Possible Uses of Waste Oil 237 8.2 Legislative Influences on Waste Oil Collection and Reconditioning 239 8.3 Re-Refining 240 References 246 9 Lubricants for Internal Combustion Engines 249 Manfred Harperscheid 9.1 Four-Stroke Engine Oils 249 9.2 Two-Stroke Oils 278 9.3 Tractor Oils 283 9.4 Gas Engine Oils 285 9.5 Marine Diesel Engine Oils 287 References 290 10 Gear Lubrication Oils 293 Thorsten Bartels 10.1 Requirements of Gear Lubrication Oils 294 10.2 Gear Lubrication Oils for Motor Vehicles 297 10.3 Gear Lubricants for Industrial Gears 316 Wolfgang Bock References 343 11 Hydraulic Oils 345 Wolfgang Bock 11.1 Introduction 345 11.2 Hydraulic Principle: Pascal’s Law 346 11.3 Hydraulic Systems, Circuits and Components 347 11.4 Hydraulic Fluids 353 11.5 Hydraulic System Filters 395 11.6 Machine Tool Lubrication 400 11.7 Summary 416 References 416 Further Reading 419 Books 419 Standards 419 12 Compressor Oils 421 Wolfgang Bock and Christian Puhl 12.1 Air Compressor Oils 421 12.2 Refrigeration Oils 436 References 450 13 Turbine Oils 453 Wolfgang Bock 13.1 Introduction 453 13.2 Demands on Turbine Oils – Characteristics 454 13.3 Formulation of Turbine Oils 454 13.4 Physical and Chemical Data of Turbine Oils 455 13.5 Turbine Lubricants: Description According to DIN 51515, Parts 1 and 2 473 13.6 Turbine Lubricants: Specifications 474 13.7 Turbine Oil Circuits 479 13.8 Flushing Turbine Oil Circuits 480 13.9 Monitoring and Maintenance of Turbine Oils – General 481 13.10 Turbine Oils: Evaluation of Used Oil Values – Parameters and Warning Values/Limits According to VGB Recommendation 481 13.11 Turbine Oils: Evaluation of Used Oil Values – Causes and Measures 482 13.12 Lifetime of (Steam) Turbine Oils 485 13.13 Gas Turbine Oils: Application and Requirements 486 13.14 Fire-Resistant, Water-Free Fluids for Power Station Applications 487 13.15 Lubricants for Water Turbines and Hydroelectric Plants 488 References 489 Volume 2 14 Metalworking Fluids 491 Theo Mang, Carmen Freiler, and Dietrich Hörner 14.1 Action Mechanism and Cutting Fluid Selection 492 14.2 Friction and Wear Assessment Method for the Use of Cutting Fluids 501 14.3 Water-Miscible Cutting Fluids 505 14.4 Neat Cutting Fluids 545 14.5 Machining with Geometrically Defined Cutting Edges 554 14.6 Machining with Geometric Non-Defined Cutting Edges 564 14.7 Specific Material Requirements for Machining Operations 572 14.8 Metalworking Fluid Circulation System 581 14.9 Coolant Costs 613 14.10 New Trends in Coolant Technology 619 References 631 15 Forming Lubricants 639 Theo Mang 15.1 Sheet Metal Working Lubricants 639 Theo Mang, Achim Losch, and Franz Kubicki 15.2 Lubricants for Wire, Tube and Profile Drawing 693 Theo Mang 15.3 Lubricants for Rolling 728 Theo Mang 15.4 Solid Metal Forming Lubricants: Solid Forming, Forging and Extrusion 747 Theo Mang, Wolfgang Buss References 773 16 Lubricating Greases 781 Wilfried Dresel and Rolf-Peter Heckler 16.1 Introduction 781 16.2 Thickeners 784 16.3 Base Oils 797 16.4 Grease Structure 799 16.5 Additives 800 16.6 Manufacture of Greases 803 16.7 Grease Rheology 807 16.8 Grease Performance 808 16.9 Applications of Greases 812 16.10 Grease Market 824 16.11 Ecology and the Environment 825 16.12 Grease Tribology 827 References 827 17 Solid Lubrication 843 Christian Busch 17.1 Classification of Solid Lubricants 845 17.2 Characteristics 852 17.3 Products Containing Solid Lubricants 860 17.4 Industrial Uses of Products Containing Solid Lubricants 871 Further Reading 877 Journals 877 Standards, Reprints 879 Books 879 18 Laboratory Methods for Testing Lubricants 881 Roman Müller 18.1 Introduction 881 18.2 Density 881 18.3 Viscosity 882 18.4 Refractive Index 883 18.5 Structural Analyses 883 18.6 Flash Point 884 18.7 Surface Phenomena 884 18.8 Cloud Point, Pour Point 885 18.9 Aniline Point 885 18.10 Water Content 886 18.11 Ash Content 886 18.12 Acidity, Alkalinity 886 18.13 Ageing Tests 887 18.14 Hydrolytic Stability 888 18.15 Corrosion Tests 888 18.16 Oil Compatibility of Seals and Insulating Materials 889 18.17 Evaporation Loss 889 18.18 Analysis and Testing of Lubricating Greases 890 18.19 Elemental Analyses by Spectroscopic Methods 894 18.20 List of Equivalent Standardized Methods for Testing Lubricants 896 References 901 19 Mechanical–Dynamic Test Methods and Tribology 903 Thorsten Bartels 19.1 Tribological System Categories within Mechanical–Dynamic Tests 906 19.2 Simple Tribological Mechanical–Dynamic Test Machines and Test Methods 907 19.3 Mechanical–Dynamic Tests for Gearbox and Transmission Application 920 19.4 Mechanical–Dynamic Tests for Internal Combustion Engines 968 19.5 Hydraulic Pump and Circuit Design 1009 19.6 Interpretation and Precision of Tribological Mechanical–Dynamic Testing 1041 Acknowledgements 1041 References 1041 20 Lubrication Systems 1053 Theo Mang 20.1 Introduction 1053 20.2 The Taxonomy of Centralized Lubrication Systems DIN 24271 Part 1 and DIN ISO 5170 1054 20.4 Circulating Lubrication Systems 1061 20.5 Special Applications 1065 Reference 1088 21 Removal of Lubricants: Industrial Cleaners 1089 Achim Losch 21.1 Introduction to Industrial Cleaning 1089 21.2 Substrates (Workpieces) 1090 21.3 Contamination: Soil 1091 21.4 Mechanisms of Aqueous Cleaning 1093 21.5 Detection and Control of Cleaning Result 1095 21.6 Cleaning Methods and Equipment 1098 21.7 Aqueous Cleaners 1108 21.8 Solvent Cleaners 1115 21.9 Maintenance of Cleaner Systems 1119 References 1122 Index 1125

Rezension

"contains something for everyone involved in lubricant technology" Chemistry & Industry "Overall, there is a wealth of information in this volume, which will undoubtedly be a valuable addition to the bookshelves of anyone working in this area." Chemistry & Industry

Autorenportrait

Theo Mang recently retired from his long term position at Fuchs, Germany, and is still active in the field. He obtained his diploma for mining engineering and his PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Clausthal, Germany. In 1967 he joined Fuchs in Mannheim, Germany, becoming head of the technical department in 1980 and a member of the Executive Board of the global Fuchs Group from 1983 until 2001. Professor Mang is recipient of the Georg Vogelpohl Medal, highest award of the German Society of Tribology. Furthermore, he authored more than 80 scientific publications on the topic of lubrication. In 2013, he was honored with the Federal Cross of Merit by the German Federal President Joachim Gauck for the successful research and development, his cultural activities and generally for his lifework. Wilfried Dresel is responsible for the development of lubricating greases at Fuchs, Germany. He received his diploma in chemistry 1972 at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, and was awarded his doctorate 1976 in carbosilane chemistry. His industrial career began 1977 in the field of preparative organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. From 1979 to 1983 he worked for a small company on lubricants for fine mechanical instruments and then went on to join Fuchs. Professor Dresel has authored 35 scientific papers and a number of contributions to books.

Back cover copy

This completely revised third edition incorporates the latest data available and reflects the knowledge of one of the largest companies active in the business. The authors take into account the interdisciplinary character of the field, considering aspects of engineering, materials science, chemistry, health and safety. The result is a two-volume set providing chemists and engineers with a clear interdisciplinary introduction and guide to all major lubricant applications, focusing not only on the various products but also on specific application engineering criteria. Theo Mang recently retired from his long term position at Fuchs, Germany, and is still active in the field. He obtained his diploma for mining engineering and his PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Clausthal, Germany. In 1967 he joined Fuchs in Mannheim, Germany, becoming head of the technical department in 1980 and a member of the Executive Board of the global Fuchs Group from 1983 until 2001. Professor Mang is recipient of the Georg Vogelpohl Medal, highest award of the German Society of Tribology. Furthermore, he authored more than 80 scientific publications on the topic of lubrication. In 2013, he was honored with the Federal Cross of Merit by the German Federal President Joachim Gauck for the successful research and development, his cultural activities and generally for his lifework. Wilfried Dresel is responsible for the development of lubricating greases at Fuchs, Germany. He received his diploma in chemistry 1972 at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, and was awarded his doctorate 1976 in carbosilane chemistry. His industrial career began 1977 in the field of preparative organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. From 1979 to 1983 he worked for a small company on lubricants for fine mechanical instruments and then went on to join Fuchs. Professor Dresel has authored 35 scientific papers and a number of contributions to books.