Details

The Rare Earth Elements

Fundamentals and Applications
EIC Books 2. Aufl.

von: David A. Atwood
186,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley
Format:	EPUB
Veröffentl.:	19.02.2013
ISBN/EAN:	9781118632635
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	696

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Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

Lanthanides are of great importance for the electronic industries, this new book (from the EIBC Book Series) provides a comprehensive coverage of the basic chemistry, particularly inorganic chemistry, of the lanthanoid elements, those having a 4f shell of electrons. A chapter is describing the similarity of the Group 3 elements, Sc, Y, La, the group from which the lanthanoids originate and the group 13 elements, particularly aluminum, having similar properties. Inclusion of the group 3 and 13 elements demonstrates how the lanthanoid elements relate to other, more common, elements in the Periodic Table. Beginning chapters describe the occurrence and mineralogy of the elements, with a focus on structural features observed in compounds described in later chapters. The majority of the chapters is organized by the oxidation state of the elements, Ln(0), Ln(II), Ln(III), and Ln(IV). Within this organization the chapters are further distinguished by type of compound, inorganic (oxides and hydroxides, aqueous speciation, halides, alkoxides, amides and thiolates, and chelates) and organometallic. Concluding chapters deal with diverse and critically important applications of the lanthanoids in electronic and magnetic materials, and medical imaging.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Contributors xi Series Preface xv Volume Preface xvii Geology, Geochemistry, and Natural Abundances of the Rare Earth Elements 1 Scott M. McLennan and Stuart Ross Taylor Sustainability of Rare Earth Resources 21 David A. Atwood The Electronic Structure of the Lanthanides 27 Ana de Bettencourt-Dias Variable Valency 35 Andrew W. G. Platt Group Trends 43 Andrew W. G. Platt Solvento Complexes of the Lanthanide Ions 55 Simon A. Cotton and Jack M. Harrowfield Lanthanides in Living Systems 65 Simon A. Cotton and Jack M. Harrowfield Lanthanides: Coordination Chemistry 73 Simon A. Cotton and Jack M. Harrowfield Organometallic Chemistry Fundamental Properties 83 Stephen T. Liddle Lanthanides: “Comparison to 3d Metals” 105 Simon A. Cotton Luminescence 111 Julien Andres and Anne-Sophie Chauvin Lanthanides: Luminescence Applications 135 Julien Andres and Anne-Sophie Chauvin Magnetism 153 Bing-Wu Wang and Song Gao The Divalent State in Solid Rare Earth Metal Halides 161 Gerd Meyer Lanthanide Halides 175 Timothy J. Boyle and Leigh Anna M. Steele Lanthanide Oxide/Hydroxide Complexes 183 Zhiping Zheng Lanthanide Alkoxides 197 Timothy J. Boyle and Leigh Anna M. Steele Rare Earth Siloxides 205 Clemens Krempner and Brian McNerney Thiolates, Selenolates, and Tellurolates 215 John G. Brennan Carboxylate 225 Jia-sheng Lu and Ruiyao Wang Lanthanide Complexes with Amino Acids 237 Zhiping Zheng β-Diketonate 249 Ke-Zhi Wang Rare Earth Borides, Carbides and Nitrides 263 Takao Mori Lanthanide Complexes with Multidentate Ligands 281 Xiaoping Yang, Richard A. Jones and Wai-Kwok Wong Alkyl 299 Simon A. Cotton Aryls 303 Simon A. Cotton Trivalent Chemistry: Cyclopentadienyl 307 Roman A. Kresinski Tetravalent Chemistry: Inorganic 313 Farid M. A. Sroor and Frank T. Edelmann Tetravelent Chemistry: Organometallic 321 Farid M. A. Sroor and Frank T. Edelmann Molecular Magnetic Materials 335 Bing-Wu Wang and Song Gao Near-Infrared Materials 347 Lining Sun and Liyi Shi Superconducting Materials 371 Antonio J. Dos santos-Garcia, Miguel Á. Alario-Franco and Regino Sáez-Puche Metal-Organic Frameworks 385 John Hamilton Walrod II and David A. Atwood Upconversion Nanoparticles for Bioimaging Applications 389 Jiefu Jin and Wing-Tak Wong Oxide and Sulfide Nanomaterials 405 Takuya Tsuzuki Rare Earth Metal Cluster Complexes 415 Gerd Meyer Organic Synthesis 437 Yuichiro Mori and Shũ Kobayashi Homogeneous Catalysis 459 Yingming Yao and Kun Nie Heterogeneous Catalysis 475 John Hamilton Walrod II and David A. Atwood Supramolecular Chemistry: from Sensors and Imaging Agents to Functional Mononuclear and Polynuclear Self-Assembly Lanthanide Complexes 481 Jonathan A. Kitchen and Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson Endohedral Fullerenes 495 Daniel L. Burriss and David A. Atwood Lanthanide Shift Reagents 501 Carlos F. G. C. Geraldes Lanthanides: Magnetic Resonance Imaging 521 Sophie Laurent, Luce Vander Elst, Sebastien Boutry and Robert N. Muller Luminescent Bioprobes 535 Anne-Sophie Chauvin Sensors for Lanthanides and Actinides 561 Gabriela I. Vargas-Zúñiga and Jonathan L. Sessler Index 575

Rezension

“In conclusion this is a valuable book, spanning the under-graduate / postgraduate divide, which should find a place particularly in the collections of those who teach lanthanide chemistry and new researchers to the field who want to discover the remarkable scope of modern lanthanide chemistry and its exciting applications. One could not expect much more in a single volume.” (Applied Organometal Chemistry, 1 May 2013)

Autorenportrait

David Allan Atwood was born in 1965 in Urbana Illinois. At an early age David moved to Tuscaloosa Alabama where he grew up and ultimately attended college. After graduation from the University of Alabama he moved to Austin Texas to attend graduate school at the University of Texas with Richard Jones as his advisor. He graduated with his PhD (in Inorganic Chemistry) in the Spring of 1992 but stayed in Austin as a postdoctoral associate with Alan Cowley until his wife, Vicki Ossink Atwood, finished her PhD (also in Inorganic Chemistry). From UT he moved as an Assistant Professor to North Dakota State University as part of their new Center for Main Group Chemistry (of which he was co-director). In 1998 David Atwood joined the chemistry department at the University of Kentucky faculty as an Associate Professor. He now has over 160 publications, 10 patents, and serves on numerous editorial boards, including the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, a 10 volume set published in Fall 2005. He is the founding editor and editor-in-chief of Main Group Chemistry. His research interests include detection and removal of heavy metal contaminants such as mercury, cadmium and lead, from the environment, the preparation of nanoparticulate metal oxides, prevention of aluminum alloy oxidation, and the synthesis of new Lewis acid compounds to effect new reactions, such as the breaking of phosphate esters bonds like those found in nerve gas agents and pesticides and the destruction of methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) a widespread water contaminant.

Back cover copy

Lanthanides [or Lanthanoids] are the elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 on the Periodic Table. The sequential filling of their 4f electron shell gives them specific chemical and very unique spectroscopic properties. These elements are actually not very “rare” at all, in earth’s crust, but are usually found with many other elements. The absence or “rarity” of concentrated mineral deposits, in comparison to the more common metals, made them difficult to obtain pure in large quantities until specific mineral extraction technologies were developed. This has made the term “rare earths” less applicable in modern terms, and certainly does not accurately reflect the earth’s abundance of these elements. Nevertheless, calling the lanthanides, “rare earth” elements has persisted and the name makes the lanthanides unique among the metals on the periodic chart, a uniqueness that is actually accurate, as this book will demonstrate This book provides a comprehensive coverage of the basic chemistry, particularly inorganic chemistry, of the Rare Earth Elements. Inclusion of Group 3 elements (Sc, Y and La) and Group 13 elements (particularly Al) demonstrates how the Lanthanides relate to transition metals and main group elements in the Periodic Table. The book begins with chapters describing the fundamentals electronic, structural, and bonding trends of the elements to provide a foundation for understanding the specific chemistry described in subsequent chapters. The bulk of the chapters are organized based on the oxidation state of the elements, and particularly, the most common trivalent state. Within this organization the chapters focus on the wide variety of lanthanide compounds that form with specific types of ligands to provide a wide range of bonding environments. The book concludes with chapters describing the wide range of solid-state materials that contain, and utilize, lanthanides, followed by chapters on important, and newly-emerging, biological applications. The arrangement and content of the chapters in the book are designed to provide a fundamental understanding of lanthanide chemistry with examples of the most recent advances in research, and the important new and future applications of the Rare Earths.