<p>List of Contributors XI</p> <p>Preface XV</p> <p>Foreword XIX</p> <p>Symbols and Abbreviations XXI</p> <p><b>Part I Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Nanocatalysts in Ionic Liquids 1</b></p> <p><b>1 Fe, Ru, and Os Nanoparticles 3</b><br /><i>Madhu Kaushik, Yuting Feng, Nathaniel Boyce, and Audrey Moores</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 3</p> <p>1.2 Synthesis of Fe, Ru, and Os NPs in ILs 4</p> <p>1.2.1 Synthesis via Reduction of Metal Precursors or Ligands 6</p> <p>1.3 Ionic Liquid Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles 9</p> <p>1.4 Applications of Ru, Fe, and Os Nanoparticles to Catalysis 11</p> <p>1.5 Conclusion 21</p> <p>Acknowledgments 21</p> <p>References 21</p> <p><b>2 Co, Rh, and Ir Nanoparticles 25</b><br /><i>Jackson D. Scholten andMuhammad I. Qadir</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 25</p> <p>2.2 Chemical Routes for the Synthesis of Metal NPs in ILs 26</p> <p>2.3 Catalytic Application of Metal NPs in ILs 31</p> <p>2.4 Conclusions 37</p> <p>References 37</p> <p><b>3 Ni and Pt Nanoparticles 41</b><br /><i>Carla Weber Scheeren</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 41</p> <p>3.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Pt NPs in ILs 42</p> <p>3.3 Catalytic Applications of Pt NPs in ILs 47</p> <p>3.4 Synthesis and Characterization of Ni NPs in ILs 48</p> <p>3.5 Catalytic Applications of Ni NPs in ILs 53</p> <p>3.6 Summary and Conclusions 58</p> <p>Symbols and Abbreviations 59</p> <p>Characterization Methods 59</p> <p>Ionic Liquids 59</p> <p>References 59</p> <p><b>4 Pd Nanoparticles for Coupling Reactions and Domino/Tandem Reactions 63</b><br /><i>Anna M. Trzeciak</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 63</p> <p>4.2 Formation of Pd NPs in ILs 65</p> <p>4.3 The Heck Coupling 68</p> <p>4.4 The Suzuki Reaction 74</p> <p>4.5 The Stille Coupling 75</p> <p>4.6 The Sonogashira Coupling 76</p> <p>4.7 Summary and Conclusions 78</p> <p>Acknowledgments 79</p> <p>References 79</p> <p><b>5 Soluble Pd Nanoparticles for Catalytic Hydrogenation 83</b><br /><i>Ran Zhang and Zhenshan Hou</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 83</p> <p>5.2 Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles in ILs 85</p> <p>5.3 Pd Nanoparticles for Hydrogenation 88</p> <p>5.4 Summary and Conclusions 93</p> <p>Ionic Liquid Abbreviations 93</p> <p>References 94</p> <p><b>6 Au, Ag, and Cu Nanostructures 97</b><br /><i>Abhinandan Banerjee and RobertW. J. Scott</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 97</p> <p>6.2 Au NPs in the Presence of ILs 98</p> <p>6.3 Catalytic Applications of AuNP/IL Composites 106</p> <p>6.4 Ag NPs in the Presence of ILs 108</p> <p>6.5 Cu NPs in the Presence of ILs 113</p> <p>6.6 Summary and Conclusions 118</p> <p>Acronyms 119</p> <p>References 119</p> <p><b>7 Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications 125</b><br /><i>Isabelle Favier, Emmanuelle Teuma, and Montserrat Gómez</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 125</p> <p>7.2 Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids 127</p> <p>7.3 Applications in Catalysis 137</p> <p>7.4 Summary and Outlook 143</p> <p>Acknowledgments 144</p> <p>References 144</p> <p><b>8 Synthesis and Application of Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts in Ionic Liquid Media using Metal Carbonyl Complexes as Precursors 147</b><br /><i>Raquel Marcos Esteban and Christoph Janiak</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 147</p> <p>8.2 Metal Carbonyls – Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding 150</p> <p>8.3 Metal Carbonyls for the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles (M-NPs) 152</p> <p>8.4 Catalytic Applications of Metal Nanoparticles from Metal Carbonyls in ILs 160</p> <p>8.5 Conclusions 163</p> <p>Acknowledgment 164</p> <p>References 164</p> <p><b>9 Top-Down Synthesis Methods for Nanoscale Catalysts 171</b><br /><i>Tsukasa Torimoto, Tatsuya Kameyama, and Susumu Kuwabata</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 171</p> <p>9.2 Sputter Deposition of Metals in RTILs 172</p> <p>9.3 Thermal Vapor Deposition on RTILs for Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles 196</p> <p>9.4 Laser-Induced Downsizing and Ablation of Materials 197</p> <p>9.5 Preparation of Single Crystals by Vapor Deposition onto RTILs 199</p> <p>9.6 Conclusion 202</p> <p>References 203</p> <p><b>10 Electrochemical Preparation of Metal Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids 207</b><br /><i>Yasushi Katayama</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 207</p> <p>10.2 Basics of Electrodeposition 208</p> <p>10.3 Electrodeposition of Silver and Formation of Silver Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids 210</p> <p>10.4 Electrochemical Formation of the Nanoparticles of Various Metals 215</p> <p>10.5 Summary and Conclusions 225</p> <p>References 227</p> <p><b>Part II Perspectives for Application of Nanocatalysts in Ionic Liquids 231</b></p> <p><b>11 Tailoring Biomass Conversions using Ionic Liquid Immobilized Metal Nanoparticles 233</b><br /><i>Srinidhi Narayanan, Jiaguang Zhang, and Ning Yan</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 233</p> <p>11.2 Cellulose 234</p> <p>11.3 Lignin 238</p> <p>11.4 Fatty Acid and Its Derivatives 241</p> <p>11.5 Other Biomass Substrates 243</p> <p>11.6 Conclusion 245</p> <p>References 245</p> <p><b>12 Nanoparticles on Supported Ionic Liquid Phases – Opportunities for Application in Catalysis 249</b><br /><i>Pedro Migowski, Kylie L. Luska, and Walter Leitner</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 249</p> <p>12.2 Synthesis of Supported Ionic Liquid Phases (SILPs) 250</p> <p>12.3 Nanoparticles Immobilized onto Supported Ionic Liquid Phases (<a href="mailto:NPs@SILPs">NPs@SILPs</a>) 252</p> <p>12.4 Catalytic Applications of <a href="mailto:NPs@SILPs">NPs@SILPs</a> 256</p> <p>12.5 Summary and Conclusions 268</p> <p>Acknowledgments 269</p> <p>References 269</p> <p><b>13 Photovoltaic, Photocatalytic Application, andWater Splitting 275</b><br /><i>Adriano F. Feil, Heberton Wender, and Renato V. Gonçalves</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 275</p> <p>13.2 Photovoltaic Cells 276</p> <p>13.3 Photocatalytic Processes 281</p> <p>13.4 Water Splitting 285</p> <p>13.5 Summary and Conclusions 291</p> <p>References 292</p> <p>Index 295</p>