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<p>Preface xv</p> <p><b>Part 1 Corrosion Chemistry</b></p> <p><b>1 Corrosion and its Definition 3</b></p> <p><b>2 The Corrosion Process and Affecting Factors 5</b></p> <p><b>3 Corrosion Types Based on Mechanism 7</b></p> <p>3.1 Uniform Corrosion 7</p> <p>3.2 Pitting Corrosion 7</p> <p>3.3 Crevice Corrosion 8</p> <p>3.4 Galvanic Corrosion 8</p> <p>3.5 Intergranular Corrosion 8</p> <p>3.6 Selective Corrosion 9</p> <p>3.7 Erosion or Abrasion Corrosion 9</p> <p>3.8 Cavitation Corrosion 9</p> <p>3.9 Fretting Corrosion 9</p> <p>3.10 Stress Corrosion Cracking 9</p> <p>3.11 Microbial Corrosion 9</p> <p><b>4 Corrosion Types of Based on the Media 11</b></p> <p>4.1 Atmospheric Corrosion 11</p> <p>4.2 Corrosion in Water 12</p> <p>4.3 Corrosion in Soil 13</p> <p><b>5 Nature of Protective Metal Oxide Films 15</b></p> <p><b>6 Effect of Aggressive Anions on Corrosion 17</b></p> <p><b>7 Corrosion Prevention Methods 19</b></p> <p><b>8 Commonly Used Alloys and their Properties 21</b></p> <p>8.1 Aluminum 2024 Alloy 21</p> <p>8.2 Aluminum 7075 Alloy 22</p> <p>8.3 Aluminum 6061 Alloy 22</p> <p><b>9 Cost of Corrosion and Use of Corrosion Inhibitors 23</b></p> <p><b>10 Types of Corrosion Inhibitors 25</b></p> <p>10.1 Anodic Inhibitors 25</p> <p>10.2 Cathodic Inhibitors 25</p> <p><b>11 Chromates: Best Corrosion Inhibitors to Date 27</b></p> <p>11.1 Limitations on the Use of Chromates due to Toxicity 27</p> <p>11.2 Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Chromates 29</p> <p><b>12 Chromate Inhibitor Replacements: Current and Potential Applications 31</b></p> <p>12.1 Nitrites 31</p> <p>12.2 Trivalent Chromium Compounds 31</p> <p>12.3 Oxyanions Analogous to Chromate 32</p> <p>12.4 Synergistic Use of Oxyanions Analogues of Chromate 34</p> <p><b>13 Sol-Gels (Ormosils): Properties and Uses 35</b></p> <p>13.1 Types of Sol-Gels 35</p> <p>13.2 Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Sol-Gel Coatings 36</p> <p>13.3 Synthesis of Sol-Gels 37</p> <p>13.4 Incorporation of Corrosion Inhibitive Pigments into Sol-Gel Coatings 38</p> <p><b>14 Corrosion in Engineering Materials 39</b></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 39</p> <p>14.2 Steel Structures 39</p> <p>14.3 Concrete Structures 40</p> <p>14.4 Protection Against Corrosion in Concrete Construction 44</p> <p>14.5 Corrosion of Unbonded Prestressing Tendons 51</p> <p>14.6 Cathodic Protection 52</p> <p>14.7 Corrosion in Industrial Projects 57</p> <p>References 61</p> <p><b>Part 2 Cathodic Protection</b></p> <p><b>15 Corrosion of Materials 75</b></p> <p>15.1 Deterioration or Corrosion of Ceramic Materials 75</p> <p>15.2 Degradation or Deterioration of Polymers 76</p> <p>15.3 Corrosion or Deterioration of Metals 76</p> <p><b>16 Factors Influencing Corrosion 83</b></p> <p>16.1 Nature of the Metal 83</p> <p>16.2 Nature of the Corroding Environment 84</p> <p><b>17 Corrosion Mechanisms 87</b></p> <p>17.1 Direct Chemical Attack or Chemical or Dry Corrosion 87</p> <p>17.2 Electrochemical or Aqueous or Wet Corrosion 88</p> <p>17.3 Differences between Chemical and Electrochemical Corrosion 90</p> <p><b>18 Corrosion Types 91</b></p> <p>18.1 Uniform Corrosion 91</p> <p>18.2 Non-Uniform Corrosion 95</p> <p><b>19 Thermodynamics of Corrosion 107</b></p> <p>19.1 Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) 107</p> <p>19.2 Passivity 108</p> <p>19.3 Pourbaix Diagrams 109</p> <p>19.4 Corrosion Equilibrium and Adsorptions 110</p> <p>19.5 Concentration Corrosion Cells 110</p> <p>19.6 Polarization 111</p> <p>19.7 Polarization Curves 113</p> <p><b>20 Corrosion Prevention and Protection 117</b></p> <p>20.1 Proper Design 117</p> <p>20.2 Choice of Material 118</p> <p>20.3 Protective Coatings 120</p> <p>20.4 Changing the Environmental Factors that Accelerate Corrosion 123</p> <p>20.5 Changing the Electrochemical Characteristic of the Metal Surface 126</p> <p><b>21 Cost of Corrosion 129</b></p> <p>21.1 Corrosion Preventative Measures 129</p> <p>21.2 Lost Production Due to Plants Going out of Service or Shutdowns 129</p> <p>21.3 Product Loss Due to Leakages 129</p> <p>21.4 Contamination of the Product 130</p> <p>21.5 Maintenance Costs 130</p> <p>21.6 Overprotective Measures 130</p> <p><b>22 Cathodic Protection 131</b></p> <p>22.1 Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection Systems 131</p> <p>22.2 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems 132</p> <p>22.3 Cathodic Protection Current Need 133</p> <p>22.4 Effect of Coatings on Cathodic Protection 134</p> <p>22.5 Effect of Passivation on Cathodic Protection 134</p> <p>22.6 Automated Cathodic Protection Systems 134</p> <p>22.7 Cathodic Protection Criteria 134</p> <p>22.8 Reliability of Cathodic Protection Criteria 135</p> <p>22.9 Interference Effects of Cathodic Protection Systems 135</p> <p>22.10 Criteria for Cathodic Protection Projects 138</p> <p>22.11 Cost of Cathodic Protection 138</p> <p>22.12 Comparison of Cathodic Protection Systems 139</p> <p><b>23 Sacrificial Anode or Galvanic Cathodic Protection Systems 141</b></p> <p>23.1 Anodic Potentials and Anodic Polarization 141</p> <p>23.2 Galvanic Cathodic Protection Current Need 142</p> <p>23.3 Anodic Current Capacity and Anodic Current Efficiency 142</p> <p>23.4 Service Life of an Anode 142</p> <p>23.5 Minimum Number of Galvanic Anodes 142</p> <p>23.6 Commonly Used Galvanic Anodes 143</p> <p>23.7 Performance Measurements of Galvanic Anodes 145</p> <p>23.8 Galvanic Anodic Beds 146</p> <p>23.9 Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection Projects 148</p> <p>23.10 Maintenance of Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection Systems 148</p> <p><b>24 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems 151</b></p> <p>24.1 T/R Units 151</p> <p>24.2 Types of Anodes 153</p> <p>24.3 Anodic Bed Resistance 154</p> <p>24.4 Types of Anodic Beds 155</p> <p>24.5 Cable Cross-Sections 156</p> <p>24.6 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Projects 156</p> <p>24.7 Maintenance of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems 157</p> <p><b>25 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention of Concrete Structures 159</b></p> <p>25.1 Concrete’s Chemical Composition 159</p> <p>25.2 Corrosion Reactions of Concrete 160</p> <p>25.3 Factors Affecting Corrosion Rate in Reinforced Concrete Structures 160</p> <p>25.4 Corrosion Measurements in Reinforced Concrete Structures 164</p> <p>25.5 Corrosion Prevention of Reinforced Concrete 166</p> <p><b>26 Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Steels 167</b></p> <p>26.1 Current Needed for Cathodic Protection of Steel Structures 168</p> <p>26.2 Cathodic Protection Criteria 168</p> <p>26.3 Determination of Protection Potential 168</p> <p>26.4 Cathodic Protection Methods for Reinforced Concrete Steels 168</p> <p>26.5 Cathodic Protection of Pre-Stressed Steel Concrete Pipes 169</p> <p><b>27 Corrosion in Petroleum Industry 171</b></p> <p>27.1 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) and Chlorides 172</p> <p>27.2 Hydrogen (H₂) Gas 172</p> <p>27.3 Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) and Other Sulfur Compounds 173</p> <p>27.4 Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) 173</p> <p>27.5 Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) 173</p> <p>27.6 Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) 173</p> <p>27.7 Dissolved Oxygen (O₂) and Water (H₂O) 174</p> <p>27.8 Organic Acids 175</p> <p>27.9 Nitrogen (N₂) Compounds and Ammonia (NH₃) 175</p> <p>27.10 Phenols 175</p> <p>27.11 Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄) 175</p> <p>27.12 Caustic Soda (NaOH) 176</p> <p>27.13 Mercury (Hg) 176</p> <p>27.14 Aluminum Chloride (AlCl₃) 176</p> <p>27.15 Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) 176</p> <p><b>28 Corrosion in Pipeline Systems 177</b></p> <p>28.1 Pipes Made of Iron and its Alloys 177</p> <p>28.2 Petroleum or Crude Oil Pipeline Systems 178</p> <p>28.3 Water Pipeline Systems 179</p> <p><b>29 Cathodic Protection of Pipeline Systems 181</b></p> <p>29.1 Measurement of Terrain’s Resistivity 181</p> <p>29.2 Potential Measurements 182</p> <p>29.3 Determination of Coating Failures Based on Potential Measurements 183</p> <p>29.4 Measuring Potential Along the Pipeline 183</p> <p>29.5 Maintenance of Pipeline Cathodic Protection Systems 183</p> <p>29.6 Measurement Stations 184</p> <p>29.8 Cathodic Protection of Airport Fuel Distribution Lines 185</p> <p>29.9 Cathodic Protection of Water Pipelines 185</p> <p><b>30 Corrosion and Cathodic Protection of Crude Oil or Petroleum Storage Tanks 187</b></p> <p>30.1 Cathodic Protection of Inner Surfaces of Crude Oil Storage Tanks 187</p> <p><b>31 Corrosion and Cathodic Protection of Metallic Structures in Seawater 191</b></p> <p>31.1 Factors Affecting Corrosion Rate of Metallic Structures in Seawater 191</p> <p>31.2 Cathodic Protection of Metallic Structures in the Sea 193</p> <p>31.3 Cathodic Protection of Ships 193</p> <p>31.4 Cathodic Protection of Pier Poles with Galvanic Anodes 196</p> <p><b>32 Cathodic Protection of the Potable Water Tanks 197</b></p> <p><b>33 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention in Boilers 199</b></p> <p>33.1 Corrosion in Boilers 199</p> <p>33.2 Corrosion Prevention in Boilers 200</p> <p>34 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention in Geothermal Systems 203</p> <p>34.1 Corrosion in Geothermal Systems 203</p> <p>34.2 Corrosion Prevention in Geothermal Systems 203</p> <p>References 205</p> <p><b>Part 3 Corrosion Engineering</b></p> <p><b>35 Corrosion of Materials 215</b></p> <p>35.1 Deterioration or Corrosion of Ceramic Materials 216</p> <p>35.2 Degradation or Deterioration of Polymers 216</p> <p>35.3 Corrosion or Deterioration of Metals 216</p> <p><b>36 Cost of Corrosion 225</b></p> <p>36.1 Corrosion Preventative Measures 225</p> <p>36.2 Lost Production Due to Plants Going out of Service or Shutdowns 226</p> <p>36.3 Product Loss Due to Leakages 226</p> <p>36.4 Contamination of the Product 226</p> <p>36.5 Maintenance Costs 226</p> <p>36.6 Overprotective Measures 226</p> <p><b>37 Factors Influencing Corrosion 227</b></p> <p>37.1 Nature of the Metal 228</p> <p>37.2 Nature of the Corroding Environment 229</p> <p><b>38 Corrosion Mechanisms 231</b></p> <p>38.1 Direct Chemical Attack or Chemical or Dry Corrosion 231</p> <p>38.2 Electrochemical or Aqueous or Wet Corrosion 232</p> <p>38.3 Differences between Chemical and Electrochemical Corrosion 234</p> <p><b>39 Types of Corrosion 235</b></p> <p>39.1 Uniform Corrosion 235</p> <p>39.2 Non-Uniform Corrosion 241</p> <p><b>40 The Thermodynamics of Corrosion 253</b></p> <p>40.1 Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) 253</p> <p>40.2 Passivity 254</p> <p>40.3 Pourbaix Diagrams 255</p> <p>40.4 Corrosion Equilibrium and Adsorptions 256</p> <p>40.5 Concentration Corrosion Cells 256</p> <p>40.6 Polarization 257</p> <p>40.7 Polarization Curves 259</p> <p><b>41 Corrosion Prevention and Protection 263</b></p> <p>41.1 Proper Design 264</p> <p>41.2 Choice of Material 265</p> <p>41.3 Protective Coatings 267</p> <p>41.4 Changing the Environmental Factors that Accelerate Corrosion 273</p> <p>41.5 Changing the Electrochemical Characteristic of the Metal Surface 284</p> <p><b>42 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention of Concrete Structures 295</b></p> <p>42.1 Concrete’s Chemical Composition 295</p> <p>42.2 Corrosion Reactions of Concrete 296</p> <p>42.3 Factors Affecting Corrosion Rate in Reinforced Concrete Structures 296</p> <p>42.4 Corrosion Measurements in Reinforced Concrete Structures 300</p> <p>42.5 Corrosion Prevention of Reinforced Concrete 302</p> <p><b>43 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention of Metallic Structures in Seawater 305</b></p> <p>43.1 Factors Affecting Corrosion Rate of Metallic Structures in Seawater 305</p> <p>43.2 Cathodic Protection of Metallic Structures in the Sea 307</p> <p><b>44 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention in Petroleum Industry 309</b></p> <p>44.1 Chemicals that Cause Corrosion in Petroleum Industry 310</p> <p>44.2 Petroleum or Crude Oil Pipeline Systems 314</p> <p>44.3 Crude Oil or Petroleum Storage Tanks 315</p> <p><b>45 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention in Water Transportation and Storage Industry 317</b></p> <p>45.1 Water Pipeline Systems 317</p> <p>45.2 Cooling Water Systems 319</p> <p>45.3 Potable Water Tanks 319</p> <p>45.4 Boilers 319</p> <p>45.5 Geothermal Systems 322</p> <p>References 325</p> <p><b>Part 4 Questions and Answers</b></p> <p><b>46 Corrosion: Definition and History 341</b></p> <p>Questions 341</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 343</p> <p>Answer Key 344</p> <p><b>47 Corrosion of Materials 345</b></p> <p>Questions 345</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 356</p> <p>Answer Key 364</p> <p><b>48 Cost of Corrosion 365</b></p> <p>Questions 365</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 367</p> <p>Answer Key 369</p> <p><b>49 Factors Influencing Corrosion 371</b></p> <p>Questions 371</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 375</p> <p>Answer Key 380</p> <p><b>50 Corrosion Mechanisms 381</b></p> <p>Questions 381</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 383</p> <p>Answer Key 386</p> <p><b>51 Types of Corrosion 387</b></p> <p>Questions 387</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 409</p> <p>Answer Key 431</p> <p><b>52 Corrosion Prevention 433</b></p> <p>Questions 433</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 467</p> <p>Answer Key 502</p> <p><b>53 Corrosion in Engineering Materials 503</b></p> <p>Questions 503</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 526</p> <p>Answer Key 548</p> <p><b>54 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention of Concrete Structures 551</b></p> <p>Questions 551</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 564</p> <p>Answer Key 574</p> <p><b>55 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention of Metallic Structures in Seawater 575</b></p> <p>Questions 575</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 578</p> <p>Answer Key 580</p> <p><b>56 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention in Petroleum Industry 581</b></p> <p>Questions 581</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 591</p> <p>Answer Key 601</p> <p><b>57 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention in Water Transportation and Storage Industry 603</b></p> <p>Questions 603</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 610</p> <p>Answer Key 617</p> <p><b>58 Thermodynamics of Corrosion 619</b></p> <p>Questions 619</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 626</p> <p>Answer Key 633</p> <p><b>59 Cathodic Protection 635</b></p> <p>Questions 635</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 648</p> <p>Answer Key 660</p> <p><b>60 Sacrificial Anode or Galvanic Cathodic Protection Systems 661</b></p> <p>Questions 661</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 671</p> <p>Answer Key 681</p> <p><b>61 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems 683</b></p> <p>Questions 683</p> <p>Answers & Questions 693</p> <p>Answer Key 702</p> <p><b>62 Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Steels 703</b></p> <p>Questions 703</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 707</p> <p>Answer Key 710</p> <p><b>63 Cathodic Protection of Pipeline Systems 711</b></p> <p>Questions 711</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 717</p> <p>Answer Key 722</p> <p><b>64 Cathodic Protection of Crude Oil or Petroleum Storage Tanks 723</b></p> <p>Questions 723</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 726</p> <p>Answer Key 729</p> <p><b>65 Cathodic Protection of Metallic Structures in the Sea 731</b></p> <p>Questions 731</p> <p>Answers & Solutions 737</p> <p>Answer Key 741</p> <p>Index 743</p>

<p><b>Volkan Cicek, PhD,</b> is a chemist and corrosion scientist and received his B. Sc. in Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey and his PhD from Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, US. After working as a dean of academics and vice principal in US public schools for several years, Dr. Cicek is currently the vice president for scientific affairs at Ishik University, Erbil, Iraq.</p>

<p><b>The most comprehensive and up-to-date book on corrosion, this valuable volume is the one and only go-to reference work and textbook for corrosion engineering and cathodic protection for industrial applications, complete with an exhaustive section of questions and answers.</b></p> <p>The<i> Corrosion Engineering and Cathodic Protection Handbook</i> combines the author's previous three works, <i>Corrosion Chemistry</i>, <i>Cathodic Protection</i>, and <i>Corrosion Engineering</i> to offer, in one place, the most comprehensive and thorough work available to the engineer or student. The author has also added a tremendous and exhaustive list of questions and answers based on the text, which can be used in university courses or industry courses, something that has never been offered before in this format. <p>The<i> Corrosion Engineering and Cathodic Protection Handbook</i> is a must-have reference book for the engineer in the field, covering the process of corrosion from a scientific and engineering aspect, along with the prevention of corrosion in industrial applications. It is also a valuable textbook, with the addition of the questions and answers section creating a unique book that is nothing short of groundbreaking. Useful in solving day-to-day problems for the engineer, and serving as a valuable learning tool for the student, this is sure to be an instant contemporary classic and belongs in any engineer's library. <p><b>The</b><b><i> Corrosion Engineering and Cathodic Protection Handbook:</i></b> <ul><li>Combines the author's three books, <i>Corrosion Chemistry, Cathodic Protection, </i>and <i>Corrosion Engineering </i>into one exhaustive reference work that covers every subject relating to corrosion</li> <li>Includes a massive section of questions and answers based on the text that can be used in a university setting, for undergraduates and graduate students, or in industry courses</li> <li>Explains major corrosion prevention methods which are very valuable in industrial applications</li> <li>Is the most comprehensive and up-to-date reference work on the subject of corrosion, a must-have for any engineer's library</li></ul>

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