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<p>Preface xv</p> <p><b>1 Introduction to Perovskite 1</b><br /><i>Tianwei Duan, Iván Mora-Seró, and Yuanyuan Zhou</i></p> <p>1.1 Evolution of Perovskite 1</p> <p>1.2 Structure of Perovskite 2</p> <p>1.3 Property and Application of Perovskite 4</p> <p>1.4 Summary and Outlook 7</p> <p><b>2 Halide Perovskite Single Crystals 9</b><br /><i>Clara Aranda-Alonso and Michael Saliba</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 9</p> <p>2.2 Crystal Structure 9</p> <p>2.3 Synthesis Methods 14</p> <p>2.4 Optoelectronic Properties of Halide Perovskite Single Crystals 21</p> <p>2.5 Applications 29</p> <p><b>3 Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals 49</b><br /><i>Samrat Das Adhikari, Andrés F. Gualdrón-Reyes, and Iván Mora-Seró</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 49</p> <p>3.2 Methodology 51</p> <p>3.3 Quantum Confinement Effect 57</p> <p>3.4 Solution-processed Halide Exchange 59</p> <p>3.5 Post-synthesis Defect Recovery 61</p> <p>3.6 Different Shapes of the Nanocrystals 62</p> <p>3.7 Doping in Perovskite Nanocrystals 64</p> <p>3.8 Lead-free Perovskite Nanocrystals 69</p> <p>3.9 Summary 70</p> <p><b>4 Dimensionality Modulation in Halide Perovskites 79</b><br /><i>Akriti, Jee Yung Park, Shuchen Zhang, and Letian Dou</i></p> <p>4.1 Classification of Low-Dimensional Perovskites 79</p> <p>4.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Morphological Low-Dimensional (ABX3) Halide Perovskites 80</p> <p>4.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Molecular Low-Dimensional (Non-ABX3) Halide Perovskites 83</p> <p>4.4 Applications of Low-Dimensional Halide Perovskites 101</p> <p>4.5 Current Challenges and Prospects of Low-Dimensional Halide</p> <p><b>5 Halide Double Perovskites 115</b><br /><i>Carina Pareja-Rivera, Dulce Zugasti-Fernández, Paul Olalde-Velasco, and Diego Solis-Ibarra</i></p> <p>5.1 Definition and Structure 116</p> <p>5.2 Properties 118</p> <p>5.3 Applications in Solar Cells and LEDs 123</p> <p>5.4 Other Applications 126</p> <p>5.5 Related Materials: Layered Double Perovskites and Vacancy Ordered Double Perovskites 132</p> <p>5.6 Conclusions 135</p> <p><b>6 Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells 147</b><br /><i>Xianyuan Jiang, Zihao Zang, and Zhijun Ning</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 147</p> <p>6.2 Tin Perovskite Properties 148</p> <p>6.3 Perovskite Composition Engineering 151</p> <p>6.4 Additives Manipulation 155</p> <p>6.5 Device Architecture Engineering 156</p> <p>6.6 Conclusion 158</p> <p><b>7 Fundamentals and Synthesis Methods of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films 165</b><br /><i>Mingwei Hao, Tanghao Liu, Yalan Zhang, Tianwei Duan, and Yuanyuan Zhou</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 165</p> <p>7.2 Fundamentals of MHPs Thin Films 166</p> <p>7.3 Thin Film Growth Mechanism 173</p> <p>7.4 One-step Growth 180</p> <p>7.5 Two-step Growth 186</p> <p>7.6 Scalable Growth Methods 192</p> <p>7.7 Postdeposition Treatments 200</p> <p>7.8 Summary 203</p> <p><b>8 First Principles Atomistic Theory of Halide Perovskites 215</b><br /><i>Linn Leppert</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction: What I Talk About When I Talk About First Principles Calculations of Halide Perovskites 215</p> <p>8.2 Structural Properties 217</p> <p>8.3 Optoelectronic Properties 231</p> <p>8.4 Concluding Remarks: First Person Singular 242</p> <p><b>9 Comparing the Charge Dynamics in MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 Using Microwave Photoconductance Measurements 251</b><br /><i>Tom J. Savenije, Jiashang Zhao, and Valentina M. Caselli</i></p> <p>9.1 Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity 251</p> <p>9.2 Global Modeling of TRMC Data 254</p> <p>9.3 TRMC Measurements on MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 255</p> <p>9.4 TRMC Measurements on MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 with Charge Selective</p> <p><b>10 Hot Carriers in Halide Perovskites 263</b><br /><i>Jia Wei Melvin Lim, Yue Wang, and Tze Chien Sum</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 263</p> <p>10.2 Hot Carrier Cooling Mechanisms 265</p> <p>10.3 Slow Hot Carrier Cooling in Halide Perovskites 266</p> <p>10.4 Utilizing Hot Carriers in Halide Perovskites 275</p> <p>10.5 Multiple Exciton Generation 280</p> <p>10.6 Multiple Exciton Generation Mechanisms 283</p> <p>10.7 Efficient Multiple Exciton Generation in Halide Perovskites 289</p> <p>10.8 Utilizing Multiple Exciton Generation in Halide Perovskites 296</p> <p>10.9 Conclusion and Outlook 299</p> <p><b>11 Ionic Transport in Perovskite Semiconductors 305</b><br /><i>Wenke Zhou, Yicheng Zhao, and Qing Zhao</i></p> <p>11.1 Theoretical Basis of Ionic Transport 305</p> <p>11.2 Characterizations of Ionic Transport 306</p> <p>11.3 Mobile Ions in Perovskite Film Under Electric Field 309</p> <p>11.4 The Factors Affecting Ionic Transport in Perovskites 311</p> <p>11.5 The Impact of Ionic Transport on Perovskite Films and Devices 318</p> <p>11.6 Summary and Outlook 322</p> <p><b>12 Light Emission of Halide Perovskites 329</b><br /><i>David O. Tiede, Juan F. Galisteo-López, and Hernán Míguez</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 329</p> <p>12.2 Charge-Carrier Recombination in Lead-Halide Perovskites 330</p> <p>12.3 Photoinduced Effects on Charge Carrier Recombination 338</p> <p>12.4 Lasing in Lead-Halide Perovskites 341</p> <p>12.5 Conclusions 345</p> <p><b>13 Epitaxy and Strain Engineering of Halide Perovskites 351</b><br /><i>Yang Hu, Jie Jiang, Lifu Zhang, Yunfeng Shi, and Jian Shi</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 351</p> <p>13.2 Epitaxy of Thin Film and Nanostructures 353</p> <p>13.2.1 Epitaxial Substrates 353</p> <p>13.2.2 Epitaxial Growth and Defects Formation Mechanisms 355</p> <p>13.2.3 Experimental Progresses 358</p> <p>13.3 Strain Engineering 360</p> <p>13.3.1 Theoretical Progresses 361</p> <p>13.3.2 Experimental Progresses 363</p> <p>13.4 Opportunities and Challenges 365</p> <p>Acknowledgments 366</p> <p>References 367</p> <p><b>14 Electron Microscopy of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials 377</b><br /><i>Mathias U. Rothmann, Wei Li, and Zhiwei Tao</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 377</p> <p>14.2 Fundamentals of Electron Microscopy 377</p> <p>14.3 Signal Generation 379</p> <p>14.4 SEM 381</p> <p>14.5 Conclusions 406</p> <p><b>15 In Situ Characterization of Halide Perovskite Synthesis 411</b><br /><i>Maged Abdelsamie, Tim Kodalle, Mriganka Singh, and Carolin M. Sutter-Fella</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 411</p> <p>15.2 Fundamentals of X-Ray Scattering and Fluorescence Techniques 412</p> <p>15.3 In Situ Optical Spectroscopy 423</p> <p>15.4 Examples of In Situ Multimodal Characterization During Solution-Based Fabrication 430</p> <p>15.5 Probing Beam–Sample Interaction 435</p> <p>15.6 Summary and Outlook 437</p> <p><b>16 Multimodal Characterization of Halide Perovskites: From the Macro to the Atomic Scale 443</b><br /><i>Tiarnan A. S. Doherty and Samuel D. Stranks</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 443</p> <p>16.2 Early Multimodal CharacterizationWork 445</p> <p>16.3 Recent Multimodal Characterization 450</p> <p>16.4 Pressing Challenges and Opportunities 464</p> <p>16.5 Outlook and Opportunities 471</p> <p>References 475</p> <p>Index 483</p>

<p><b>Yuanyuan 'Alvin' Zhou </b>is Associate Professor at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong. He is leading the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory (ΣLab: https://www.alvinyzhou.com/) in the Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering at HKUST.</p> <p><b>Iván Mora-Seró</b> is Full Professor at the University Jaume I (UJI), Spain. He is leading the Group of Advanced Semiconductors at Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) of UJI. He has been granted with different Spanish and international fellowships and awards.</p>

<p><b>Enables readers to acquire a systematic and in-depth understanding of various fundamental aspects of halide perovskite semiconductors</b> <p><i>Halide Perovskite Semiconductors: Structures, Characterization, Properties, and Phenomena</i> covers the most fundamental topics with regards to halide perovskites, including but not limited to crystal/defect theory, crystal chemistry, heterogeneity, grain boundaries, single-crystals/thin-films/nanocrystals synthesis, photophysics, solid-state ionics, spin physics, chemical (in)stability, carrier dynamics, hot carriers, surface and interfaces, lower-dimensional structures, and structural/functional characterizations. <p>Included discussions on the fundamentals of halide perovskites aim to expand the basic science fields of physics, chemistry, and materials science. <p>Edited by two highly qualified researchers, <i>Halide Perovskite Semiconductors</i> includes specific information on: <ul><li>Crystal/defect theory of halide perovskites, crystal chemistry of halide perovskites, and processing and microstructures of halide perovskites</li> <li>Single-crystals of halide perovskites, nanocrystals of halide perovskites, low-dimensional perovskite crystals, and nanoscale heterogeneity of halide perovskites</li> <li>Carrier mobilities and dynamics in halide perovskites, light emission of halide perovskites, photophysics and ultrafast spectroscopy of halide perovskites</li> <li>Hot carriers in halide perovskites, correlating photophysics with microstructures in halide perovskites, chemical stability of halide perovskites, and solid-state ionics of halide perovskites</li></ul> <p>Readers can find solutions to technological issues and challenges based on the fundamental knowledge gained from this book. As such, <i>Halide Perovskite Semiconductors</i> is an essential in-depth treatment of the subject, ideal for solid-state chemists, materials scientists, physical chemists, inorganic chemists, physicists, and semiconductor physicists.

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