Details

<p>Preface ix</p> <p>About the Companion Website xiii</p> <p><b>I Quantitative Analysis Using Reactions That Go to “completion” 1</b></p> <p><b>1 Making Measurements 3</b></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 3</p> <p>1.2 Glp and a Few Other Important Acronyms 10</p> <p>1.3 Precision and Random Error 14</p> <p>1.4 Discarding a Suspected Outlier 25</p> <p>1.5 Calibration 28</p> <p>1.6 Maintaining Accurate Results 44</p> <p>Practice Exercises 49</p> <p><b>2 Sample Preparation, Extractions, and Chromatography 53</b></p> <p>2.1 Sampling and Control Samples 53</p> <p>2.2 Sample Preparation 59</p> <p>2.3 Solvents and Solutions 65</p> <p>2.4 Introduction to Solubility 69</p> <p>2.5 Extraction and Partitioning Theory 72</p> <p>2.6 Introduction to Stationary Phases 84</p> <p>2.7 Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) 88</p> <p>2.8 Column Chromatography 94</p> <p>Practice Exercises 97</p> <p><b>3 Classical Methods 103</b></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 103</p> <p>3.2 Review of Chemical Reactions 105</p> <p>3.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution 112</p> <p>3.4 Gravimetry 121</p> <p>3.5 Titration 125</p> <p>3.6 Titration Curves 133</p> <p>3.7 Coulometry 135</p> <p>Practice Exercises 138</p> <p><b>4 Molecular Spectroscopy 143</b></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 143</p> <p>4.2 Properties of EM Radiation 144</p> <p>4.3 Electromagnetic Spectrum 148</p> <p>4.4 Spectroscopic Transitions 150</p> <p>4.5 UV Vis Absorption Spectroscopy 155</p> <p>4.6 UV Vis Instrumentation 158</p> <p>4.7 Beer–Lambert Law 161</p> <p>4.8 Molecular Fluorescence 170</p> <p>Practice Exercises 178</p> <p><b>II Reactions That Do Not Go to “completion.” Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions 183</b></p> <p><b>5 Acid–base Equilibria and Activity 185</b></p> <p>5.1 Acids and Bases 185</p> <p>5.2 Weak Acids and Weak Bases 192</p> <p>5.3 Water and <i>K_w</i> 197</p> <p>5.4 Acid Strength 202</p> <p>5.5 The Concept of Activity 207</p> <p>5.6 Acid–Base Equilibrium Calculations 219</p> <p>Practice Exercises 225</p> <p><b>6 Buffer Solutions and Polyprotic Acids 229</b></p> <p>6.1 Buffer Solutions 229</p> <p>6.2 Alpha Fraction Plots 234</p> <p>6.3 Weak Acid Titration Curve 238</p> <p>6.4 Polyprotic Acids 241</p> <p>Practice Exercises 250</p> <p><b>7 Metal–ligand Complexation 253</b></p> <p>7.1 Complex Terminology 254</p> <p>7.2 Complex Equilibria 258</p> <p>7.3 Competing Equilibria 264</p> <p>7.4 Stepwise Complexation 271</p> <p>7.5 Immunoassays 276</p> <p>Practice Exercises 279</p> <p><b>8 Precipitation Equilibria 283</b></p> <p>8.1 Precipitate Equilibrium 284</p> <p>8.2 Molar Solubility 291</p> <p>8.3 Common-Ion Effect 297</p> <p>8.4 Precipitation and Competing Equilibria 299</p> <p>8.5 Drinking Water 304</p> <p>Practice Exercises 306</p> <p><b>III Instrumental Methods and Analytical Separations 311</b></p> <p><b>9 Electroanalytical Chemistry 313</b></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 313</p> <p>9.2 Standard Reduction Potentials 316</p> <p>9.3 Using Half Reactions 321</p> <p>9.4 Background on Spontaneous Reactions and Equilibrium 327</p> <p>9.5 Reaction Energies, Voltages, and the Nernst Equation 331</p> <p>9.6 Electrochemical Cells 334</p> <p>9.7 Potentiometry 340</p> <p>9.8 Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISE) 342</p> <p>9.9 Voltammetry 350</p> <p>Practice Exercises 358</p> <p><b>10 Atomic Spectrometry 361</b></p> <p>10.1 Atomization 363</p> <p>10.2 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) 368</p> <p>10.3 Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES) 378</p> <p>10.4 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) 381</p> <p>10.5 Other Mass Spectrometer Designs 390</p> <p>Practice Exercises 395</p> <p><b>11 Molecular Structure Determination 399</b></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 399</p> <p>11.2 Molecular Mass Spectrometry 402</p> <p>11.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 407</p> <p>11.4 FTIR Instrumentation 412</p> <p>11.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 416</p> <p>11.6 NMR Instrumentation 421</p> <p>Practice Exercises 424</p> <p><b>12 Analytical Separations 425</b></p> <p>12.1 Thin-Layer Chromatography 426</p> <p>12.2 Chromatogram Terminology 431</p> <p>12.3 Separation Efficiency 435</p> <p>12.4 Gas Chromatography (GC) 439</p> <p>12.5 Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) 444</p> <p>12.6 High Performance Liquid Chromatography 447</p> <p>12.7 Electrophoresis 460</p> <p>Practice Exercises 464</p> <p>Index 469</p>

<p><b>Brian M. Tissue, PhD</b> is an Associate Professor of Chemistry at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. He teaches instrumental analysis and his awards and honors include an NSF Career Award and a Cottrell Scholar Award from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement.</p>

<P><B>Familiarize yourself with the fundamentals of analytical chemistry with this easy-to-follow textbook</B></P> <P>Analytical chemistry is the study of chemical composition, concerned with analyzing materials to discover their constituent substances, the amounts in which these substances are present, and more. Since materials exist in different states and undergo reactions, analytical chemistry is also concerned with chemical equilibria, the state at which various reactants and substances will undergo no observable chemical change without outside stimulus. This field has an immense range of practical applications in both industry and research and is a highly desirable area of expertise for the next generation of chemists. <P><i>Basics of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Equilibria</i> provides an introduction to this foundational subject, ideal for specialized courses. It introduces not only the core concepts of analytical chemistry but cultivates mastery of various instrumental methods by which students and researchers can undertake their own analyses. Now updated to include the latest research and expanded coverage, <i>Basics of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Equilibria</i> promises to situate a new generation of readers in this growing field. <p>Readers of the second edition of <i>Basics of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Equilibria</i> will also find: <ul><li>A new chapter on structure determination</li> <li>Revised and expanded descriptions of chemical instrumentation</li> <li>‘You-try-it’ exercises throughout to further develop practical student knowledge</li> <li>Compannion website of associated materials including end-of-chapter solutions, spreadsheets for student use, and more</li></ul> <p><i>Basics of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Equilibria</i> is an ideal textbook for students in chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental science, as well as students in related fields, including chemical engineering and materials science, for whom analytical chemistry offers a useful toolset.

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