Details

The Power of Design

Product Innovation in Sustainable Energy Technologies
1. Aufl.

von: Angèle H. Reinders, Jan Carel Diehl, Han Brezet
70,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley
Format:	PDF
Veröffentl.:	25.09.2012
ISBN/EAN:	9781118361160
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	368

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Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

The Power of Design offers an introduction and a practical guide to product innovation, integrating the key topics that are necessary for the design of sustainable and energy-efficient products using sustainable energy technologies. Product innovation in sustainable energy technologies is an interdisciplinary field. In response to its growing importance and the need for an integrated view on the development of solutions, this text addresses the functional principles of various energy technologies next to the latest design processes and innovation methods. From the perspective of product applications, the book provides clear explanations of technologies that are significant for product integration, such as batteries, photovoltaic solar energy, fuel cells, small wind turbines, human power, energy saving lighting, thermal energy technologies in buildings, and piezoelectric energy conversions. The design processes and innovation methods presented in this book include various approaches ranging from technical, societal and creative methods that can be applied in different stages of the design process. Other features include: <ul> <li>a methodological approach, enabling readers to easily apply the theory to their research projects and to the actual design of sustainable products with energy technologies</li> <li>discussion on interaction design and smart grid interventions</li> <li>colour photographs that illustrate the final products</li> <li>numerous case studies of product development projects and concepts in practice, enabling readers to understand and design energy-efficient products in several different markets</li> <li>a companion website containing useful information about the cases and an additional design cases with sustainable energy technologies </li> </ul> The Power of Design provides a comprehensive and visually-appealing opening into the subject for third and fourth year students, postgraduates, and professionals in the areas of energy, environment, product design and engineering

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface xiii Foreword xv Acknowledgements xvii About the Editors xix About the Contributors xxi 1 Introduction: Challenges at the Crossroads of Energy and Design 1 Ange`le Reinders and Jan Carel Diehl 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Energy Issues: A Brief Explanation 2 1.3 Sustainable Energy and Product Design 6 1.4 Industrial Design Engineering 10 1.5 Design for Sustainability (DfS) 13 1.6 Energy Challenges at the Base of the Economic Pyramid 17 1.7 Reading This Book 18 References 19 2 Innovation Methods 21 2.1 Introduction to Innovation Methods in Design Processes 21 Ange`le Reinders 2.1.1 Introduction 21 2.1.2 Platform-Driven Product Development 24 2.1.3 Delft Innovation Model 25 2.1.4 TRIZ 27 2.1.5 Technology Roadmapping 29 2.1.6 Design and Styling of Future Products 31 2.1.7 Constructive Technology Assessment 32 2.1.8 Innovation Journey 33 2.1.9 Risk-Diagnosing Methodology 34 References 36 2.2 Platform-Driven Product Development 37 Johannes Halman 2.2.1 Introduction 37 2.2.2 Definitions 37 2.2.3 The Creation of Platform-Based Product Families 39 2.2.4 The Platform-Planning Process 42 2.2.5 Modular versus Integral Product Architectures 44 2.2.6 Measuring the Performance of Product Families 47 2.2.7 Managing Risk in Platform-Based Development 49 2.2.8 Application of Platform-Driven Product Development 49 References 51 2.3 Delft Innovation Model in Use 51 Jan Buijs 2.3.1 Introduction 51 2.3.2 Stages of the Delft Innovation Model 53 2.3.3 Concluding Remarks on the Delft Innovation Model 57 2.3.4 Applying the Delft Innovation Model in Real Life 59 2.3.5 Reflections on the Delft Innovation Model in Practice 62 References 64 2.4 TRIZ: ATheory of Solving Inventive Problems 64 Valeri Souchkov 2.4.1 Introduction 64 2.4.2 Components of TRIZ 65 2.4.3 Contradiction as a Driving Force of Invention 65 2.4.4 Five Levels of Solutions 68 2.4.5 Evolution of Technical Systems 69 2.4.6 Ideality 70 2.4.7 Trends of Technical Systems Evolution 71 2.4.8 Science for Inventors 72 2.4.9 Analytical Techniques 74 2.4.10 Psychological Inertia and Creativity 76 2.4.11 Practical Value of TRIZ 76 2.4.12 Application of TRIZ 78 References 79 Further Reading 79 2.5 Technology Roadmapping 80 Valeri Souchkov 2.5.1 Introduction 80 2.5.2 Technology Roadmaps 81 2.5.3 Technology Readiness Levels 84 2.5.4 TRM Process 85 2.5.5 Benefits from TRM 87 2.5.6 Application of TRM 87 References 89 Further Reading 89 2.6 The Design and Styling of Future Things 89 Wouter Eggink 2.6.1 Introduction 89 2.6.2 Communication 91 2.6.3 Acceptance 93 2.6.4 Method 95 2.6.5 Examples 96 2.6.6 Conclusions 98 References 99 Further Reading 99 2.7 Constructive Technology Assessment 100 Stefan Kuhlmann 2.7.1 Introduction 100 2.7.2 New Attention for the Design and Governance of Science, Technology, and Innovation 101 2.7.3 Constructive Technology Assessment 102 2.7.4 Governance: CTA and Design in an Institutional Context 104 2.7.5 CTA as a Dance: Strategic Intelligence 106 2.7.6 Limits to CTA and Reflexive Governance of Technology Design 107 2.7.7 Application of CTA 108 References 110 2.8 Innovation Journey: Navigating Unknown Waters 112 Stefan Kuhlmann 2.8.1 Introduction 112 2.8.2 Method 113 2.8.3 Discussion about Innovation Journeys 114 2.8.4 Example from Practice 115 References 117 2.9 Risk-Diagnosing Methodology 117 Johannes Halman 2.9.1 Introduction 117 2.9.2 Requirements for an Effective Risk Assessment 118 2.9.3 The Risk-Diagnosing Methodology (RDM) 119 2.9.4 Added Value of RDM 125 Appendix 2.9 Reference List with Potential Risk Issues in the Innovation Process 126 References 129 2.10 A Multilevel Design Model Clarifying the Mutual Relationship between New Products and Societal Change Processes 130 Peter Joore 2.10.1 Introduction 130 2.10.2 A Multilevel Design Model 130 2.10.3 Example Based on the Development of an Electrical Transport System 133 2.10.4 Benefits for the Design Process 136 2.10.5 Conclusions 137 References 138 3 Energy Technologies 139 3.1 Introduction 139 3.2 Rechargeable Batteries for Energy Storage 140 Joop Schoonman 3.2.1 Introduction 140 3.2.2 Rechargeable Batteries 141 3.2.3 Lithium Batteries 143 3.2.4 Electric Vehicles 147 References 148 3.3 Photovoltaics and Product Integration 149 Ange`le Reinders and Wilfried van Sark 3.3.1 Introduction 149 3.3.2 PV Cells 150 3.3.3 Irradiance and PV Cell Performance 153 3.3.4 Rechargeable Batteries 156 3.3.5 System Design and Energy Balance 156 3.3.6 Design and Manufacturing of Product-Integrated PV 159 3.3.7 Conclusions 159 References 163 Further Reading 164 3.4 Fuel Cells 164 Frank de Bruijn 3.4.1 Fuel Cell Principles and Characteristics 164 3.4.2 Comparison of Fuel Cell Types 165 3.4.3 Key Characteristics of Fuel Cells 167 3.4.4 Cost 171 3.4.5 Fuel Cell Applications and Basic Requirements 173 3.4.6 Passenger Vehicles 173 3.4.7 City Buses 173 3.4.8 Materials Handling 175 3.4.9 Portable Applications 175 3.4.10 Stationary Fuel Cells: Backup Power 176 3.4.11 Stationary Fuel Cells: Base Load Power 176 3.4.12 Stationary Fuel Cells for Combined Heat and Power Generation 176 3.4.13 Conclusions 177 References 177 3.5 Small Wind Turbines 178 Paul K€uhn 3.5.1 Introduction 178 3.5.2 Turbine Size and Applications 178 3.5.3 Turbine Design and Technology 180 3.5.4 Performance 182 References 186 3.6 Human-Powered Energy Systems 186 Arjen Jansen 3.6.1 Introduction 186 3.6.2 The Human Body as a Power Source 188 3.6.3 Kinetic Energy Formulas: From General Models to Specific Models 190 3.6.4 The Design of Human-Powered Energy Systems 192 3.6.5 Environmental Aspects of Human-Powered Energy Systems 194 References 196 Further Reading 196 3.7 Energy-Saving Lighting 197 Arjan de Winter 3.7.1 Energy-Saving Lighting 197 3.7.2 Lighting Applications 198 3.7.3 Light Source Design: Efficacy 201 3.7.4 Luminaire Design: Optical and Electrical Efficiency 203 3.7.5 Application Design: Effectiveness 204 3.7.6 Conclusions and Looking Forward 206 Further Reading 206 3.8 Energy-Saving Technologies in the Built Environment 206 Bram Entrop 3.8.1 Design and Energy Use in the Built Environment 206 3.8.2 Construction Technologies 207 3.8.3 System Technologies 211 3.8.4 Transcendental Technologies 215 References 217 Further Reading 217 3.9 Piezoelectric Energy Conversions 218 Alexandre Paternoster, Pieter de Jong, Andre´ de Boer 3.9.1 Introduction 218 3.9.2 Piezoelectric Material 218 3.9.3 Power Harvesting 222 3.9.4 Conclusions 227 References 227 4 Using Energy: Beyond Individual Approaches to Influencing Energy Behavior 229 Daphne Geelen and David Keyson 4.1 Introduction 229 4.2 The Changing Roles of End Users and Residents in the Energy Provision System 230 4.3 Stimulating Energy Behavior Change in Current Design Practice 231 4.3.1 Design Strategies to Stimulate Behavior 231 4.3.2 Interaction Design 232 4.3.3 Collaborating on Energy Management 232 4.4 Toward Including Social Interaction and Community-Based Approaches 234 4.5 Approaches to Using Social Interaction in Relation to Energy-Related Behavior 235 4.5.1 Interventions Using Interactions between Participants 235 4.5.2 Games as Means for Social Interaction in a Community 237 4.5.3 Social Interaction in Interaction Design 238 4.6 Conclusions 240 References 240 Case A SolarBear: Refrigeration for the Base of the Pyramid through Adsorptive Cooling 243 Leonard Sch€urg, Jonas Martens, Roos van Genuchten and Marcel Crul A.1 Introduction 243 A.1.1 The Need for Off-Grid Refrigeration in BoP Small-Scale Businesses 243 A.1.2 Existing Cooling Solutions 244 A.2 The SolarBear Approach 244 A.2.1 Market Opportunities Research 244 A.2.2 Technical Opportunities Research and Prototyping 244 A.2.3 Market Development in India 244 A.3 Results of the First Cycle of Product Development: Proof of Concept and Market 245 A.3.1 First Prototype 246 A.3.2 Second Prototype 247 A.3.3 Product-Service System Development for SolarBear in Lakshmikantapur, India 247 A.4 Future Work: AWorking Prototype and Further Development by Enviu 250 References 252 Case B Environmental Impact of Photovoltaic Lighting 253 Bart Durlinger B.1 Introduction 253 B.2 The Lighting Systems 256 B.2.1 System 1: Angkor Light 256 B.2.2 System 2: Moonlight 256 B.2.3 System 3: Solar Home System 256 B.2.4 System 4: Light Delivered by Battery (Charged at Charging Station, Using Diesel) 257 B.2.5 System 5: CFLs and Electricity from the Grid 259 B.2.6 System 6: Kerosene Lamp 259 B.3 Environmental Impacts and Discussion 261 B.4 Conclusion 262 B.5 Acknowledgments 262 References 262 Case C Restyling Photovoltaic Modules 263 Michael Thung C.1 Introduction 263 C.2 Analysis Phase 265 C.3 Design Phase 267 C.4 The “Flower Cell” 269 C.5 Prototyping 270 C.6 Test Results 272 C.6.1 H Cell versus Flower Cell 272 C.6.2 Redesigned PV Modules 274 C.6.3 Expected Costs 274 C.7 Conclusions 274 Reference 275 Case D Selection of Power Sources for Portable Applications 277 Bas Flipsen D.1 Introduction 277 D.2 An Overview of Selection Strategies 278 D.2.1 Power Source Selection Tools 278 D.2.2 Application Selection Tools 280 D.2.3 Designing Alternative Power Sources 280 D.2.4 Optimizing Tools 282 D.2.5 Discussion 283 D.3 Power Source Selection Tool Method 283 D.3.1 First Approach 283 D.3.2 Analytical Model for Sizing an FC (Hybrid) System 285 D.3.3 Design of a DMFC Power System for an MP3 Player 286 D.3.4 Evaluation of the Model 288 D.3.5 Modification of the Model 291 D.4 Conclusion and Discussion 292 References 292 Case E Design of a Solar-PoweredWireless Computer Mouse 295 Wilfried van Sark and Nils Reich E.1 Introduction 295 E.2 Product Design Process 296 E.2.1 Focus Group Research 296 E.2.2 Energy Balance Scenarios 297 E.2.3 Design Criteria 299 E.3 Component Selection 300 E.3.1 Battery Unit 300 E.3.2 PV Cell 300 E.3.3 Encasing 301 E.3.4 Charge Controller 301 E.4 Final SPM Product 302 E.4.1 SPM Specifications 302 E.4.2 SPM User Tests 303 E.5 Conclusion 304 E.6 Acknowledgments 305 References 305 Case F Light Urban Mobility 307 Satish Kumar Beella, Sacha Silvester and Han Brezet F.1 Introduction 307 F.2 Background 308 F.3 Mobility and Design 309 F.4 Role and Importance of Energy 310 F.5 Light Urban Mobility 310 F.5.1 Urban Mobility Concept 311 F.5.2 MeeneemFiets 312 F.5.3 Bull 312 F.6 Conclusions 314 References 315 Case G From Participatory Design to Market Introduction of a Solar Light for the BoP Market 317 Jan Carel Diehl and Jeroen Verschelling G.1 Introduction 317 G.2 Methods 318 G.2.1 Project Setup 318 G.2.2 Participatory Market and Context Research 318 G.2.3 Participatory Field Research: User Needs 319 G.2.4 Technological Challenges 320 G.2.5 Co-Development 321 G.3 Results 322 G.4 Feedback from the Field 322 G.5 Market and Business Considerations 323 G.5.1 Costs 323 G.5.2 Challenges with Market Implementation 323 G.5.3 A “Rent-to-Own” Business Model 324 G.6 Discussion 325 References 326 Index 327

Rezension

“This book, although it focuses on Sustainable Energy Technologies, brings forth a good step-by-step analysis of the design process methodology that can be applied to any area of design . . . The Power of Design is an introduction to product innovation and contains key topics necessary for the design of sustainable and energy-efficient products using sustainable energy technologies . . . Although targeted towards university undergraduates and postgrads, I find this a practical guide for designers in the field as well.” (EDN.com, 5 May 2013) “The Power of Design should have wide acceptance as the authors present images of an alternative future that is both achievable and desirable. The future maybe is already here will be a valuable addition to the libraries of medical schools that have added evolutionary biology to their curricula.” (Energy Technology, 17 July 2013)

Autorenportrait

Professor Dr Angèle H.M.E. Reinders, TU Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Angèle Reinders has been Professor of Energy-Efficient Design in the Design for Sustainability section of the Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering at Delft University of Technology since 2010. Previous to this she taught and conducted research in the Department of Design, Production and Management at the University of Twente. In 2001 Professor Reinders was a scientific advisor in the Asia Alternative Energy Program of the World Bank in Washington D.C. She has also been a guest researcher at Fraunhofer Institute, the Ministry of Technology in Jakarta, and ENEA in Naples. She has written many papers and developed educational materials for over seven courses, co-founded the editorship of IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, and participated in the technical program committee of the IEEE PVSC conference. Dr Jan Carel Diehl, TU Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Before becoming Assistant Professor of Sustainable Product Innovation for the Design for Sustainability (DfS) program at the faculty of Industrial Design Engineering at the Delft University of Technology, Dr Diehl worked for several years as a consultant in Ecodesign. Next to his position at Delft he is also a consultant for UNIDO and UNEP, and an invited lecturer at several international universities. He is co-author of the UNEP Design for Sustainability (D4S) manual for Developing Economies (D4S EE). Professor Dr Ir. Han Brezet, TU Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Professor Han Brezt is currently Research Director of the IDE Faculty and has been Professor of Sustainable Product Design since 1992. He is also a member of the Management Team in the Faculty. Over several years he combined his job in Delft with a visiting professor's position at the Lund University and a senior fellowship at the University of Melbourne. Professor Brezet is also a member of the Jury for the Gasterra Energy Environmental Awards in the Hague and the Jury for the Gasterra Energy Transitions Award.