Details

The Pocket Guide to Critical Appraisal


The Pocket Guide to Critical Appraisal


2. Aufl.

von: Iain K. Crombie

26,99 €

Verlag: Wiley-Blackwell
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 26.05.2022
ISBN/EAN: 9781119835257
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 160

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Beschreibungen

<p>This second edition of the popular guide to critical appraisal is a fully updated revision of the previous edition. Written in the same easily accessible style, <i>The Pocket Guide to Critical Appraisal</i> now provides annotated checklists of the most common research designs. Consistent with recent developments in evidence-based medicine, these checklists distinguish between the risk of bias in the conduct of published studies and the value of the findings for healthcare delivery. <p>Five new chapters have been added and the original chapters have been rewritten, making the new edition a complete and concise guide for the evaluation of research quality. In addition to the checklists, the book also: <ul> <li>describes how to quickly identify the information needed for the critical appraisal </li> <li>provides simple explanations of statistical significance and the interpretation of confidence intervals </li> <li>reviews the major sources of bias and their impact on research findings</li> <li>explains how to summarise the risk of bias </li> <li>outlines the concept of certainty of evidence and how to calculate it</li> <li>identifies the challenges in assessing the value of research findings </li></ul><p><i>The Pocket Guide to Critical Appraisal</i> is an essential guide for all health professions and students who read research papers and use their findings.
<p>Acknowledgements ix</p> <p>Preface to the First Edition xi</p> <p>Preface to the Second Edition xiii</p> <p><b>Chapter 1 Introduction to Critical Appraisal 1</b></p> <p>The aims of critical appraisal 1</p> <p>Three stages of critical appraisal 2</p> <p><b>Chapter 2 Do Not Read the Paper 4</b></p> <p>The initial interrogation 5</p> <p>The in-depth interrogation 6</p> <p><b>Chapter 3 Identifying the Research Design 7</b></p> <p>Surveys 7</p> <p>Cohort studies 9</p> <p>Case–control studies 10</p> <p>RCTs 11</p> <p>Cohort studies that evaluate the effectiveness of interventions 12</p> <p>Systematic reviews 14</p> <p><b>Chapter 4 Interpreting the Results 16</b></p> <p>The effect size 17</p> <p>Taking the play of chance into account 19</p> <p>Factors that distort the effect size 22</p> <p>Questionable research practices 24</p> <p>Conclusion 25</p> <p><b>Chapter 5 The In-Depth Interrogation 26</b></p> <p>Bias 26</p> <p>Critical questions for bias 27</p> <p>Important questions for bias 27</p> <p>Indicative questions for bias 33</p> <p>Questions about value 36</p> <p>Conclusion 39</p> <p><b>Chapter 6 Appraising Surveys 40</b></p> <p>The critical bias questions for bias 40</p> <p>The complete list for appraising surveys* 43</p> <p><b>Chapter 7 Appraising Cohort Studies 45</b></p> <p>The critical questions for bias 45</p> <p>The important questions for bias 49</p> <p>The indicative questions for risk of bias 50</p> <p>The complete list for the appraisal of cohort studies* 51</p> <p><b>Chapter 8 Appraising Case–Control Studies 53</b></p> <p>The critical questions for bias 53</p> <p>The important questions for bias 55</p> <p>The complete list for the appraisal of case–control studies* 58</p> <p><b>Chapter 9 Appraising Randomised Controlled Trials 60</b></p> <p>The critical questions for bias 60</p> <p>The important questions for bias 64</p> <p>The questions of value 67</p> <p>The complete list for the appraisal of clinical trials* 68</p> <p><b>Chapter 10 Cohort Studies That Evaluate the Effectiveness of Interventions 70</b></p> <p>Overview of advantages of cohort treatment studies and challenges for critical appraisal 71</p> <p>The critical questions for bias 72</p> <p>The important questions for bias 76</p> <p>The questions of value 78</p> <p>Conclusion 78</p> <p>The complete list for the appraisal of cohort studies that evaluate interventions 79</p> <p><b>Chapter 11 Appraising Systematic Reviews 81</b></p> <p>The critical questions for risk of bias 81</p> <p>The important questions for risk of bias 86</p> <p>The questions of value 88</p> <p>The complete list for the appraisal of systematic reviews* 89</p> <p><b>Chapter 12 Summarising Risk of Bias 91</b></p> <p>Identify the risk of bias of the research designs 91</p> <p>Review the biases in study design, conduct, and interpretation 92</p> <p>Derive an overall rating 93</p> <p>Summary 95</p> <p><b>Chapter 13 Certainty of Evidence 96</b></p> <p>The nature of certainty of evidence 96</p> <p>Downgrading the certainty of evidence 97</p> <p>Factors that increase certainty 100</p> <p>Overall assessment of certainty 102</p> <p>Conclusion 103</p> <p><b>Chapter 14 Assessing Value 104</b></p> <p>Measuring potential benefit 105</p> <p>Harm and the balance between benefit and harm 106</p> <p>Costs and cost effectiveness 107</p> <p>Feasibility of implementation of a treatment 109</p> <p>Health equity 109</p> <p>Summary 111</p> <p>Appendix: Further Reading 113</p> <p>Index 131</p>
<p><b>Iain K. Crombie</b> is Emeritus Professor of Public Health at Dundee University, UK. He has published more than 160 research papers as well as books on critical appraisal, research methods, grant applications, and clinical audits. He has extensive experience teaching both undergraduate and postgraduate courses in epidemiology, medical statistics, and research methods.</p>
<p>This second edition of the popular guide to critical appraisal is a fully updated revision of the previous edition. Written in the same easily accessible style, <i>The Pocket Guide to Critical Appraisal</i> now provides annotated checklists of the most common research designs. Consistent with recent developments in evidence-based medicine, these checklists distinguish between the risk of bias in the conduct of published studies and the value of the findings for healthcare delivery. </p> <p>Five new chapters have been added and the original chapters have been rewritten, making the new edition a complete and concise guide for the evaluation of research quality. In addition to the checklists, the book also: <ul><li>describes how to quickly identify the information needed for the critical appraisal </li> <li>provides simple explanations of statistical significance and the interpretation of confidence intervals </li> <li>reviews the major sources of bias and their impact on research findings</li> <li>explains how to summarise the risk of bias </li> <li>outlines the concept of certainty of evidence and how to calculate it</li> <li>identifies the challenges in assessing the value of research findings </li></ul> <p><i>The Pocket Guide to Critical Appraisal</i> is an essential guide for all health professions and students who read research papers and use their findings.

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