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<p>Preface vi</p> <p><b>Part I: Introduction 1</b></p> <p>1 Soil Water in Context 3</p> <p>2 How Does Water in Soil Interact with the Soil Matrix, Air, Roots, Gravity and Other Substances Present? 6</p> <p>3 What Do We Need to Measure? 14</p> <p>4 Spatial Variability 16</p> <p><b>Part II: Water Content 21</b></p> <p>5 Definitions 23</p> <p>6 Gravimetric Method 26</p> <p>7 Neutron Scattering 43</p> <p>8 Dielectric METHODS 101</p> <p>9 Dual-Probe Heat-Pulse Sensors 150</p> <p>10 Electrical Resistivity Imaging 152</p> <p><b>Part III: Water Potential 159</b></p> <p>11 Water Potential Measurement 161</p> <p>12 Tensiometers 164</p> <p>13 Indirect Methods of Water Potential Measurement 203</p> <p>14 Beyond −10 Metres Water Head 214</p> <p><b>Part IV: Water Content – Potential Relations 223</b></p> <p>15 Soil Water Characteristic Measurement 225</p> <p><b>Part V: Hydraulic Conductivity 237</b></p> <p>16 Hydraulic Conductivity Measurement and Prediction 239</p> <p>17 Hydraulic Conductivity Measurement of Confined Soil Samples 241</p> <p>18 Unconfined Measurements in the Field 257</p> <p><b>Part VI: Solute Measurement 277</b></p> <p>19 Principles and Pitfalls 279</p> <p>20 Solution Sampling 283</p> <p>21 Solute Concentra tion Estimation by Electrical Conductivity 292</p> <p><b>Part VII: Water and Solute Movement 301</b></p> <p>22 Water and Solute Transport Applications 303</p> <p>23 Water and Solute Flux Measurement 306</p> <p>24 Soil Water and Solute Balance Measurement and Estimation 312</p> <p><b>Part VIII: Conclusion 333</b></p> <p>25 Concluding Remarks 335</p> <p>References 336</p> <p>Index 353</p>

<p>Author affiliation: <p><b>DAVID COOPER</b> graduated in Physics from Imperial College, London. He spent 23 years as a soil physicist with the UK Institute of Hydrology, later the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), followed by 12 years as Head of the Hydrological Instruments Group at CEH. His work has focussed mainly on field measurement of soil water and solute fluxes and of soil hydraulic properties in a wide variety of lithologies and areas of the world, including at several sites in southern England, northern France, Kenya, Niger, Mauritius, India and China. He has contributed to advances in measurement of soil water content by neutron, capacitance and time domain reflectometry techniques, hydraulic properties measurement methods in situ in the field and soil water potential measurement using mercury manometer and pressure transducer tensiometers over extended periods at both shallow and deep depths, down to at least 60 m. He has six children and, at the time of writing, nine grandchildren.

<p><b>SOIL WATER MEASUREMENT</b></br> <i>A Practical Handbook</i> <p>This book is written for all those involved in measurement of soil water phenomena, whether they be environmental scientists, field technicians, agronomists, meteorologists, hydrogeologists, foresters, physical geographers, civil or water engineers or students in these subjects. It contains a comprehensive description of all the major methods used for measurement of soil water content and potential, solute concentration, transport and balance of water and solutes, including recharge to groundwater aquifers. The emphasis is firmly on techniques which can be applied in the field or on samples obtained from the field. <p>The theory and practice of the workings of the main instruments and methods available are described, along with practical tips on surmounting some of the main difficulties and explanations of many commonly encountered jargon words.

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