Details

Soil Carbon in Sensitive European Ecosystems


Soil Carbon in Sensitive European Ecosystems

From Science to Land Management
1. Aufl.

von: Robert Jandl, Mirco Rodeghiero, Mats Olsson

102,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 20.10.2011
ISBN/EAN: 9781119970248
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 296

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Beschreibungen

<i>Soil Carbon in Sensitive European Ecosystems - From Science to Land Management</i> is a comprehensive overview of the latest research in this field drawn together by a network of scientists from across Europe. Soil carbon assessments are crucial at present to our understanding of the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems and our ability to assess implications for the global carbon exchange and its consequences on the future climate. <br /> <br /> This book focuses primarily on ecosystems and their soil carbon stocks. The book identifies three key sensitive ecosystems within Europe: Mediterranean Forest and Agricultural Systems; Mountains; and Peatland.<br /> <br /> Contributors include those currently working for the European research programme, COST Action 639 BurnOut (www.cost639.net; 2006-2010). <p><b>COST Action 639</b> emerged from a demand from policy makers in Europe for more detailed information on soil carbon dynamics. The cooperation between experts for reporting and experts for soil dynamics is the focus of the book. This book seeks to provide an up-to-date account on the state-of-the-art research within this topical field.</p>
Contributors ix <p><b>1 Introduction to carbon in sensitive European ecosystems: from science to land management 1<br /> </b><i>Robert Jandl and Mats Olsson</i></p> <p>1.1 Rationale for this book 1</p> <p>1.2 What do we need to know about soils for reporting purposes? 3</p> <p>1.3 Objectives and overview of COST Action 639 4</p> <p>1.4 Working Groups of COST Action 639 4</p> <p>1.5 Regional coverage 8</p> <p>Appendix 1.A Management Committee of COST Action 639 9</p> <p>References 12</p> <p><b>2 Hot spots and hot moments for greenhouse gas emissions from soils 13<br /> </b><i>Frank Hagedorn and Pat Bellamy</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 13</p> <p>2.2 Hot spots: where are they? 15</p> <p>2.3 How to quantify hot spots? 19</p> <p>2.4 Mapping soil carbon at the local and regional scale 20</p> <p>2.5 Case study: assessing soil carbon changes across England and Wales 22</p> <p>2.6 Quantifying hot moments 27</p> <p>2.7 Reporting of hot spots and hot moments 27</p> <p>2.8 Conclusions 28</p> <p>References 28</p> <p><b>3 Land-use change effects on soil carbon stocks in temperate regions – development of carbon response functions 33<br /> </b><i>Lars Vesterdal, Jens Leifeld, Christopher Poeplau, Axel Don and Bas van Wesemael</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 33</p> <p>3.2 Previous synthesis studies on land use change effects on SOC 35</p> <p>3.3 The concept of carbon response functions 37</p> <p>3.4 Temporal dynamics of SOC after land use change in temperate regions 38</p> <p>3.5 Implication for greenhouse gas reporting 43</p> <p>3.6 Conclusions 44</p> <p>References 45</p> <p><b>4 Carbon in European soils 49<br /> </b><i>Rainer Baritz, Dietmar Zirlewagen, Robert Jones, Dominique Arrouays, Roland Hiederer, Marion Schrumpf and Winfried Riek</i></p> <p>4.1 Existing soil carbon inventories in Europe 49</p> <p>4.2 Detectability of change from soil inventories 57</p> <p>4.3 Assessment of baseline carbon stocks in Europe 70</p> <p>4.4 Pattern detection and predictors for carbon storage at landscape and continental scale 71</p> <p>4.5 Conclusions about soil carbon baselines and change detection in Europe 79</p> <p>References 79</p> <p><b>5 Ecosystem disturbance and soil organic carbon – a review 85<br /> </b><i>Helga Van Miegroet and Mats Olsson</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 85</p> <p>5.2 The carbon cycle and disturbance 86</p> <p>5.3 Anthropogenic disturbance due to forest harvesting 87</p> <p>5.4 Natural disturbances 93</p> <p>5.5 Summary and conclusions 108</p> <p>References 108</p> <p><b>6 Mountain soils in a changing climate – vulnerability of carbon stocks and ecosystem feedbacks 118<br /> </b><i>Sofie Sjogersten-Turner, Christine Alewell, Lauric Cecillon, Frank Hagedorn, Robert Jandl, Jens Leifeld, Vegard Martinsen, Andreas Schindlbacher, M. Teresa Sebastia and Helga Van Miegroet</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 119</p> <p>6.2 Carbon stocks and their quality 121</p> <p>6.3 The role of erosion for carbon fluxes 125</p> <p>6.4 Climate change in European mountains 126</p> <p>6.5 Future threats to high altitude carbon storage 128</p> <p>6.6 Conclusions 138</p> <p>Acknowledgement 139</p> <p>References 139</p> <p><b>7 Greenhouse gas balance in disturbed peatlands 149<br /> </b><i>Jukka Alm, Kenneth A. Byrne, Ciara Hayes, Jens Leifeld, and Narasinha J. Shurpali</i></p> <p>7.1 Origins, distribution and current use of peatlands in Europe 149</p> <p>7.2 Disturbances in undrained mires 153</p> <p>7.3 Disturbances due to peatland management 154</p> <p>7.4 Reporting emissions of greenhouse gases from managed peatlands 156</p> <p>7.5 Recovery from peat loss: restoration, afforestation or energy crops? 162</p> <p>7.6 Conclusions 168</p> <p>References 169</p> <p><b>8 Soil carbon in Mediterranean ecosystems and related management problems 175<br /> </b><i>Mirco Rodeghiero, Agustın Rubio, Eugenio Dıaz-Pines, Joan Romanya, Sara Maranon-Jimenez, Guy J. Levy, Ana Patricia Fernandez-Getino, Maria Teresa Sebastia, Theodore Karyotis, Tommaso Chiti, Costantino Sirca, Afonso Martins, Manuel Madeira, Miglena Zhiyanski, Luciano Gristina and Tommaso La Mantia</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 176</p> <p>8.2 Mediterranean soil 177</p> <p>8.3 Soil carbon stocks in the major Mediterranean ecosystems 178</p> <p>8.4 Effects of wildfires on soil carbon dioxide efflux in Mediterranean ecosystems 184</p> <p>8.5 Dehesas 187</p> <p>8.6 Mediterranean rangelands 194</p> <p>8.7 Agricultural practices and SOC 197</p> <p>8.8 Soil carbon accumulated as charcoal 199</p> <p>8.9 The role of soil inorganic carbon in the carbon cycle 200</p> <p>8.10 Conclusions 204</p> <p>Acknowledgement 206</p> <p>References 207</p> <p><b>9 Reporting requirements for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions and removals of soils in the land use sector 219<br /> </b><i>Zoltan Somogyi, Ciara Hayes, Alexandra Freudenschuß and Rainer Baritz</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 219</p> <p>9.2 Information to be reported in a national GHG inventory 221</p> <p>9.3 Concepts of estimating emissions and removals 222</p> <p>9.4 Carbon pools 224</p> <p>9.5 The simplified representation the forest carbon cycle 225</p> <p>9.6 Land use and land use types, and their identification 226</p> <p>9.7 Carbon stock changes in the mineral soil pool 228</p> <p>9.8 Carbon stock changes in the organic soil pool 228</p> <p>9.9 Possible data sources 230</p> <p>9.10 Uncertainties, QA/QC and verification 231</p> <p>9.11 The current status of reporting carbon stock changes 231</p> <p>References 237</p> <p><b>10 Estimating soil carbon stock changes by process-based models and soil inventories – uncertainties and complementarities 239<br /> </b><i>Annemieke I. Gardenas, Per-Erik Jansson, Erik Karltun, Leif Klemendtsson, Aleksi Lehtonen, Carina Ort´ız, Taru Palosuo and Magnus Svensson</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 239</p> <p>10.2 Cases studies illustrating the use of models in estimating SOC and GHG 243</p> <p>10.3 Uncertainty in SOC stocks estimated using process-oriented models 259</p> <p>10.4 Conclusions 261</p> <p>Acknowledgement 262</p> <p>References 262</p> <p><b>11 Soil carbon in sensitive European ecosystems: from science to land management – a summary 267<br /> </b><i>Robert Jandl, Jukka Alm, Lars Vesterdal, Mats Olsson, Peter Weiss, Sofie Sjogersten, Mirco Rodeghiero, Jens Leifeld, Frank Hagedorn, Pat Bellamy and Rainer Baritz</i></p> <p>11.1 Problem statement and reporting requirements 268</p> <p>11.2 Question on a baseline for soil carbon stocks 270</p> <p>11.3 Where should we measure and monitor? 271</p> <p>11.4 Human and non-human induced changes of the soil carbon pool 272</p> <p>11.5 Specific cases of sensitive ecosystems 276</p> <p>11.6 Challenges for reporting 277</p> <p>References 278</p> <p><b>Index 283</b></p>
<p>“On balance, however, I recommend purchasing this book for university libraries and research institutes and for anyone interested in soil C storage.”  (<i>European Journal of Soil Science</i>, 1 November 2012)</p> <p><b> </b></p>
<strong style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px;">Robert Jandl</strong> <p>Director,<b> </b>Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Austria</p> <p><b>Mirco Rodeghiero</b></p> <p>Centre for Alpine Ecology, Italy</p> <p><b>Mats Olsson</b></p> <p>Vice Chairman of the<b> </b>Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden                                                                           </p> <p><b>Lead authors of chapters</b></p> <p>Frank Hagedorn, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland<a style="font-size: 10pt;" href="http://www.wsl.ch/personal_homepages/hagedorn/index_EN"><br /> </a></p> <p>Lars Vesterdal, Univ Copenhagen, Denmark<a style="font-size: 10pt;" href="http://en.sl.life.ku.dk/omskovoglandskab/medarbejdere/lv.aspx"><br /> </a></p> <p>Patricia Bellamy, Cranfield University, UK<a style="font-size: 10pt;" href="http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/sas/aboutus/staff/bellamyp.jsp"><br /> </a></p> <p>Rainer Baritz, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften, Hannover, Germany</p> <p>Helga Van Miegroet, Utah State Univ, Logan/UT<a style="font-size: 10pt;" href="http://www.usu.edu/ecology/htm/faculty/memberID=735"><br /> </a></p> <p>Jukka Alm, METLA, Helsinki, Finland<a style="font-size: 10pt;" href="http://www.metla.fi/pp/5669/index-en.htm"><br /> </a></p> <p>Agustin Rubio, Polytechnic University, Madrid, Spain</p> <p>Zoltan Somogyi, ERTI, Budapest, Hungary</p> <p>Nadine Rühr, ETH Zurich, Switzerland<a style="font-size: 10pt;" href="http://www.gl.ethz.ch/people/nruehr/index"><br /> </a></p>

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