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<p>Preface ix</p> <p><b>1 Introduction 1</b><br /><i>Peng Cai, Wentao Deng, Hongshuai Hou, Guoqiang Zou, and Xiaobo Ji</i></p> <p>1.1 A Brief Development of SICs 1</p> <p>1.2 Comparison Between Different Hybrid-Ion Capacitors 4</p> <p>1.3 SICs Energy Storage Mechanism Introduction 16</p> <p>1.4 Key Technologies of SICs 17</p> <p><b>2 Characteristics of Sodium-Ion Capacitor Devices 27</b><br /><i>Peng Cai, Wentao Deng, Hongshuai Hou, Guoqiang Zou, and Xiaobo Ji</i></p> <p>2.1 Basic Features 27</p> <p>2.2 Working Principle 30</p> <p>2.3 Equations 32</p> <p><b>3 Fundamental Understanding of Sodium-Ion Capacitors Mechanism 45</b><br /><i>Peng Cai, Wentao Deng, Hongshuai Hou, Guoqiang Zou, and Xiaobo Ji</i></p> <p>3.1 EDLC-Type Mechanism of SCs and Battery-Type Mechanism of SIBs 45</p> <p>3.2 Pseudocapacitance Mechanism 46</p> <p><b>4 Classification of Sodium-Ion Capacitors Cell Configurations 63</b><br /><i>Peng Cai, Wentao Deng, Guoqiang Zou, Hongshuai Hou, and Xiaobo Ji</i></p> <p>4.1 Battery-Type Anode and EDLC Cathode SICs Cell Configurations 63</p> <p>4.2 Battery-Type Anode and Pseudocapacitive Cathode SICs Cell Configurations 64</p> <p>4.3 EDLC Anode and Battery-Type Cathode SICs Cell Configurations 66</p> <p>4.4 Pseudocapacitive Anode and Battery-Type Cathode SICs Cell Configurations 66</p> <p>4.5 Capacitive Anode and Hybrid Cathode SICs Cell Configurations 67</p> <p>4.6 Summary 69</p> <p><b>5 Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Capacitors 75</b><br /><i>Xiong Zhang, Wenjie Liu, Lei Wang, Chen Li, and Yanwei Ma</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 75</p> <p>5.2 EDLC Cathode Materials 77</p> <p>5.3 Pseudocapacitive Cathode Materials 90</p> <p>5.4 Battery-Type Cathode Materials 102</p> <p><b>6 Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Capacitors 115</b><br /><i>Kangyu Zou, Wentao Deng, Hongshuai Hou, Xiaobo Ji, and Guoqiang Zou</i></p> <p>6.1 EDLC Anode Materials 120</p> <p>6.2 Pseudocapacitive Anode Materials 123</p> <p>6.3 Battery-Type Anode Materials 128</p> <p>6.4 Other Novel Materials 169</p> <p><b>7 Flexible Sodium-Ion Capacitor Devices 183</b><br /><i>Taoqiu Zhang and Huanwen Wang</i></p> <p>7.1 Flexible SICs Devices 183</p> <p>7.2 Flexible Capacitive Anode and Battery-Type Cathode SICs Cell Configurations 211</p> <p>7.3 Electrolytes in Flexible SICs Devices 217</p> <p><b>8 Pre-sodiation Technologies 225</b><br /><i>Zirui Song, Chang Liu, and Xiaobo Ji</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 225</p> <p>8.2 Pre-lithiation in Lithium-Ion Batteries 226</p> <p>8.3 Pre-sodiation in Sodium-Ion Batteries 236</p> <p>8.4 Pre-sodiation in Sodium-Ion Capacitors 238</p> <p><b>9 Conclusions and Future Perspective 249</b><br /><i>Kangyu Zou, Wentao Deng, Hongshuai Hou, Guoqiang Zou, and Xiaobo Ji</i></p> <p>9.1 Definitions and Mechanisms 249</p> <p>9.2 Configurations 250</p> <p>9.3 Electrode Materials 251</p> <p>9.4 Key Technologies 251</p> <p>9.5 Future Perspective 252</p> <p>Index 259</p>

<p><i><b>Guoqiang Zou</b> is Associate Professor, Master Tutor, Excellent Tutor of the Chinese University Student Knowledge and Action Promotion Program and Excellent Tutor of Central South University, China. <p><b>Xiaobo Ji</b> is Associate Dean, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor of Central South University, China. <p><b>Hongshuai Hou</b> is Associate Professor at College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, China.</i>

<p><b>Enables readers to quickly understand core issues and field development of sodium-ion capacitors</b> <p><i>Sodium-Ion Capacitors</i> summarizes and outlines the dynamics and development of sodium-ion capacitors, covering key aspects of the technology including background, classification and configuration, key technologies, and more, allowing readers to gain an understanding of sodium-ion capacitors from the perspective of both industrial technology and electrochemistry. <p><i>Sodium-Ion Capacitors</i> includes information on: <ul><li>EDLC-type mechanism of SCs and battery-type mechanism of SIBs, definition and types of pseudocapacitance, and energy storage mechanism of pseudocapacitors</li> <li>Cathode materials for sodium-ion capacitors, covering EDLC cathode materials, carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, and hollow carbon microspheres</li> <li>Flexible battery-type anode and capacitive cathode SICs cell configurations, including flexible electrodes based on carbon nanofiber, graphene substrates, carbon cloth, MXenes, and metal foil</li> <li>Pre-sodiation technologies, covering operation with Li metal, usage of Li-based alternatives, and the sacrificial additives method</li></ul> <p>Summarizing the development, directions, potential, and core issues of sodium-ion capacitors, <i>Sodium-Ion Capacitors</i> is an essential resource on the subject for materials scientists, solid-state chemists and electrochemists, and semiconductor physicists in both industry and academia.

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