Details

<p>Foreword xi</p> <p>Acknowledgements xiii</p> <p>Preface xv</p> <p>Introduction xix</p> <p><b>Part 1 Smart Apparel, Smart Patches and Biosensors 1</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 1 Smart Apparel, Smart Patches and the Related Constraints 3</b></p> <p>1.1 Reminders and definitions 3</p> <p>1.1.1 Main families of textiles 3</p> <p>1.1.2 Apparel 11</p> <p>1.2 The smart textile market from a consumer’s point of view 14</p> <p>1.2.1 Purchase levers 14</p> <p>1.2.2 Barriers to the purchase of smart apparel 14</p> <p>1.2.3 Solutions to instill confidence 16</p> <p>1.2.4 The hype curve for innovations 16</p> <p>1.3 Constraints surrounding an SA project 20</p> <p>1.3.1 Financial and marketing aspects 20</p> <p>1.3.2 Ergonomic aspects 21</p> <p>1.3.3 Technical aspects 22</p> <p>1.3.4 Energy-related aspects 23</p> <p>1.3.5 Industrial aspects 23</p> <p>1.3.6 Regulatory aspects and recommendations 24</p> <p>1.3.7 Normative aspects 42</p> <p>1.3.8 Applicative aspects 45</p> <p><b>Chapter 2 Biosensors and Graphene Technology 53</b></p> <p>2.1 Introduction to sensors in smart apparel 54</p> <p>2.1.1 Sensors frequently used in smart apparel 56</p> <p>2.2 Sensors of "non-biological" physical properties 61</p> <p>2.2.1 Types of detectors used in these sensors 62</p> <p>2.2.2 Examples of sensors 62</p> <p>2.3 Graphene 66</p> <p>2.3.1 Carbon 66</p> <p>2.3.2 Graphite 66</p> <p>2.3.3 Graphene 67</p> <p>2.3.4 Properties of graphene 69</p> <p>2.3.5 The usefulness of graphene in smart apparel 72</p> <p>2.4 Graphene and its secrets 73</p> <p>2.4.1 Obtaining graphene 74</p> <p>2.4.2 Graphene producers and suppliers 83</p> <p>2.4.3 Market price 86</p> <p>2.4.4 Research around graphene 87</p> <p>2.4.5 Patents and intellectual property 92</p> <p>2.5 "Bio" sensors 94</p> <p>2.5.1 "Physical" sensors connected to bio materials, without analyte 94</p> <p>2.5.2 "Bio" sensors (biosensors), with analyte 96</p> <p>2.6 Applications of graphene in smart apparel 112</p> <p>2.6.1 Biosensors and patches 112</p> <p>2.6.2 Multisensors: multibiosensor patches 124</p> <p>2.6.3 Beyond sensors and beyond "bio" 125</p> <p>2.7 Conclusions on graphene in smart apparel 129</p> <p>2.7.1 Benefits to the applicative constraints of smart apparel 129</p> <p>2.7.2 Graphene-based biosensors in smart apparel 135</p> <p>2.7.3 Critical points that must be examined at the very outset 136</p> <p><b>Part 2 Biocontroller 137</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 3 Bioprocessors 139</b></p> <p>3.1 Overall structure: "AFE (Analog Front-End) + CPU (Central Processing Unit)" 140</p> <p>3.1.1 "All-in-two" 141</p> <p>3.1.2 "All-in-one" 141</p> <p>3.2 The AFE 142</p> <p>3.2.1 Functions of an AFE 142</p> <p>3.2.2 The numerous possible types of AFE 142</p> <p>3.3 The CPU 158</p> <p>3.3.1 Signal processing 158</p> <p><b>Chapter 4 Power to the Patch 167</b></p> <p>4.1 Problems surrounding power supply to a patch 167</p> <p>4.1.1 Choice of means of energy supply to a patch 167</p> <p>4.1.2 Estimating a patch’s energy balance 168</p> <p>4.1.3 Choice of battery, supercapacitor and energy harvesting 172</p> <p>4.2 Energy harvesting 175</p> <p>4.2.1 General 176</p> <p>4.2.2 Existing technologies for smart apparel 187</p> <p>4.3 Example of energy harvesting for smart apparel 189</p> <p>4.3.1 Energy harvesting via an HF (high-frequency) NFC link 189</p> <p>4.3.2 Examples of NFC patches with energy harvesting 196</p> <p><b>Chapter 5 OBC (Out-of-Body Communications) and IBC (Intra-Body Communications) in Smart Apparel 199</b></p> <p>5.1 Communications in smart apparel 200</p> <p>5.1.1 OBC 200</p> <p>5.1.2 IBC 201</p> <p>5.1.3 Possible means of communication for patches 202</p> <p>5.2 Connectivity and viability of OBC in smart apparel 204</p> <p>5.2.1 Viability of OBC connection in smart apparel 204</p> <p>5.3 From the RF-connected world to OBC in smart apparel 207</p> <p>5.3.1 The absolute fundamentals of RF 208</p> <p>5.3.2 Long- or short-range RF connectivity in smart apparel 209</p> <p>5.3.3 Short range (SR) 211</p> <p>5.3.4 Medium Range (MR) 213</p> <p>5.3.5 Medium Range Wide Band (MRWB) (around 100 meters) 213</p> <p>5.3.6 Long Range (LR) and Far-Field 214</p> <p>5.4 Architecture of connected smart apparel chains 215</p> <p>5.4.1 Technological description of the chain 216</p> <p>5.4.2 Big Data 221</p> <p>5.4.3 The numerous protocols used 222</p> <p>5.5 OBC and IBC patch networks in smart apparel 222</p> <p>5.5.1 The numerous terms in the x AN (x Area Network) family 223</p> <p>5.5.2 RF x PAN (x Personal Area Network) 225</p> <p>5.5.3 From the WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) to the WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) 227</p> <p>5.5.4 PAN and the IEEE 802.15 family 227</p> <p>5.6 BAN 228</p> <p>5.6.1 Definition of a BAN-IEEE 802.15.6 228</p> <p>5.6.2 History of BANs 229</p> <p>5.6.3 BANs in smart apparel 231</p> <p>5.6.4 Physical layer of a BAN 236</p> <p>5.6.5 MAC (Medium Access Control) layer 240</p> <p>5.6.6 Fields of application for BANs 241</p> <p>5.6.7 Main challenges in the design of BAN patches 244</p> <p>5.7 IBC 245</p> <p>5.7.1 From the BAN to IBC 245</p> <p>5.7.2 Genesis of IBC 247</p> <p>5.7.3 The major principles of IBC 252</p> <p>5.8 Capacitive IBC system 265</p> <p>5.8.1 Communication between two network elements 265</p> <p>5.8.2 IBC and bodily non-radiation 269</p> <p>5.8.3 Fundamental concept of IBC 272</p> <p>5.9 Modeling of an IBC system 273</p> <p>5.9.1 Model of an IBC system and channel analysis 274</p> <p>5.9.2 Modeling of human-body communication channels 274</p> <p>5.9.3 Electrical model of the medium 278</p> <p>5.9.4 Electrical model of the channel 280</p> <p>5.10 Simulations 283</p> <p>5.11 Examples of smart apparel solutions using IBC 284</p> <p>5.11.1 Example 1: for beginners 284</p> <p>5.11.2 Example 2: for the initiated 290</p> <p>Conclusion: Concrete Implementation of a Solution 295</p> <p>Epilogue 315</p> <p>Glossary 317</p> <p>Authors 319</p> <p>References 321</p> <p>Index 327</p>

<p><b>Dominique Paret</b> is an ESIEE engineer with a DEA in physics. He was responsible for the technical support of an international leader of electronic components for many years. He is a professor in numerous engineering schools around the world and manages a company of experts and technical consultants.</p> <p><b>Pierre Crégo</b> is a microelectronics engineer and the CEO of Mercury Technologies. He has worked as a payment security expert for contactless cards and reader technologies. He is also an officially certified lead auditor for GDPR and personal data audits.</p> <p><b>Pauline Solère</b> is a microelectronics engineer from ESIEE and a specialist in e-health regarding the exploitation of sensors and the acquisition, use and security of data. Her research focuses on the fundamental and applicative aspects of graphene.</p>

US