Details

Safety and Biological Effects in MRI


Safety and Biological Effects in MRI


eMagRes Books 1. Aufl.

von: Devashish Shrivastava, J. Thomas Vaughan

152,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: EPUB
Veröffentl.: 17.11.2020
ISBN/EAN: 9781118821282
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 520

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Beschreibungen

<p>In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into a versatile and critical, if not ‘gold standard’, imaging tool with applications ranging from the physical sciences to the clinical ‘-ology’. In addition, there is a vast amount of accumulated but unpublished inside knowledge on what is needed to perform a safe, in vivo MRI. The goal of this comprehensive text, written by an outstanding group of world experts, is to present information about the effect of the MRI environment on the human body, and tools and methods to quantify such effects. By presenting such information all in one place, the expectation is that this book will help everyone interested in the Safety and Biological Effects in MRI find relevant information relatively quickly and know where we stand as a community. The information is expected to improve patient safety in the MR scanners of today, and facilitate developing faster, more powerful, yet safer MR scanners of tomorrow.</p> <p>This book is arranged in three sections. The first, named ‘Static and Gradient Fields’ (Chapters 1-9), presents the effects of static magnetic field and the gradients of magnetic field, in time and space, on the human body. The second section, named ‘Radiofrequency Fields’ (Chapters 10-30), presents ways to quantify radiofrequency (RF) field induced heating in patients undergoing MRI. The effect of the three fields of MRI environment (i.e. Static Magnetic Field, Time-varying Gradient Magnetic Field, and RF Field) on medical devices, that may be carried into the environment with patients, is also included. Finally, the third section, named ‘Engineering’ (chapters 31-35), presents the basic background engineering information regarding the equipment (i.e. superconducting magnets, gradient coils, and RF coils) that produce the Static Magnetic Field, Time-varying Gradient Magnetic Field, and RF Field.</p> <p>The book is intended for undergraduate and post-graduate students, engineers, physicists, biologists, clinicians, MR technologists, other healthcare professionals, and everyone else who might be interested in looking into the role of MRI environment on patient safety, as well as those just wishing to update their knowledge of the state of MRI safety. Those, who are learning about MRI or training in magnetic resonance in medicine, will find the book a useful compendium of the current state of the art of the field.</p> <p> </p>
<p>Contributors</p> <p>Series Preface</p> <p>Preface</p> <p>Acknowledgments</p> <p><b>Part A: Static and Gradient Fields</b></p> <p>1 Static and Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Their Effects in MRIs 3<br /><i>Zhenyu Zhang and Stuart Feltham</i></p> <p>2 Magnetic-field-induced Vertigo in the MR Environment 23<br /><i>Paul Glover</i></p> <p>3 Effects of Magnetic Fields and Field Gradients on Living Cells 33<br /><i>Jarek Wosik, Martha Villagran, Ahmed Uosef, Rafik M. Ghobrial, John H. Miller Jr., and Malgorzata Kloc</i></p> <p>4 Effect of Strong Time-varying Magnetic Field Gradients on Humans 53<br /><i>John Nyenhuis and David Gross</i></p> <p>5 Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Modeling for MRI 67<br /><i>Mathias Davids, Bastien Guérin, Lothar R. Schad, and Lawrence L. Wald</i></p> <p>6 Magnetically Induced Force and Torque on Medical Devices 87<br /><i>Terry O. Woods</i></p> <p>7 A Review of MRI Acoustic Noise and its Potential Impact on Patient and Worker Health 95<br /><i>Michael C. Steckner</i></p> <p>8 Modeling Blood Flow 119<br /><i>Michael Keith Sharp</i></p> <p>9 Effect of Magnetic Field on Blood Flow 133<br /><i>G.C. Shit and Sreeparna Majee</i></p> <p><b>Part B: Radiofrequency Fields</b></p> <p>10 Safety Standards for MRI 161<br /><i>Michael C. Steckner</i></p> <p>11 On the Choice of RF Safety Metric in MRI: Temperature, SAR, or Thermal Dose 173<br /><i>Devashish Shrivastava</i></p> <p>12 RF Coil and MR Safety 181<br /><i>J. Thomas Vaughan</i></p> <p>13 Local SAR Assessment for Multitransmit Systems: A Study on the Peak Local SAR Value as a Function of Magnetic Field Strength 195<br /><i>Alexander J.E. Raaijmakers and Bart R. Steensma</i></p> <p>14 Radio Frequency Safety Assessment for Open Source Pulse Sequence Programming 207<br /><i>Sairam Geethanath, Julie Kabil, and J. Thomas Vaughan</i></p> <p>15 RF Heating Due to a 3T Birdcage Whole-body Transmit Coil in Anesthetized Sheep 219<br /><i>Samat Turdumamatov, Ça˘gda¸s Oto, Oktay Algın, Hamza Ergüder, and Tahir Malas</i></p> <p>16 In Vivo Radiofrequency Heating due to 1.5, 3, and 7 T Whole-body Volume Coils 227<br /><i>Shuo Song, Ji Chen, Rongxing Zhang, Qiang He, J. Thomas Vaughan, and Devashish Shrivastava</i></p> <p>17 Temperature Management and Radiofrequency Heating During Pediatric MRI Scans 239<br /><i>Stanley Thomas Fricke, Marjean H. Cefaratti, and Andrew Matisoff</i></p> <p>18 Failure to Monitor and Maintain Thermal Comfort During an MRI Scan: A Perspective from a Thermal Physiologist Turned Patient 245<br /><i>Christopher J. Gordon</i></p> <p>19 MR Thermometry to Assess Heating Induced by RF Coils Used in MRI 251<br /><i>Henrik Odéen, John Rock Hadley, Dylan Palomino, Katelynn Stroth, and Dennis L. Parker</i></p> <p>20 Heating of RF coil 273<br /><i>Joseph Murphy-Boesch</i></p> <p>21 RF-Induced Heating in Bare and Covered Stainless Steel Rods: Effect of Length, Covering, and Diameter 289<br /><i>Sunder Rajan, Peter Serano, Joshua Guag, Tayeb Zaidi, Kyoko Fujimoto, Maria Ida Iacono, and Leonardo M. Angelone </i></p> <p>22 On the Development of a Novel Leg Phantom for RF Safety Assessment for Circular Ring External Fixation Devices in 1.5 T 295<br /><i>Xing Huang and Ji Chen</i></p> <p>23 RF Safety of Active Implantable Medical Devices 311<br /><i>Berk Silemek, Volkan Açıkel, and Ergin Atalar</i></p> <p>24 An Analysis of Factors Influencing MRI RF Safety for Patients with AIMDs 333<br /><i>Jingshen Liu, Jianfeng Zheng, Qingyan Wang, and Ji Chen</i></p> <p>25 On Using Fluoroptic Thermometry to Measure Time-varying Temperatures in MRI 345<br /><i>Devashish Shrivastava, Mykhaylo Nosovskyy, and Charles A. Lemaire</i></p> <p>26 On Using Magnetic Resonance Thermometry to Measure ‘Strong’ Spatio-temporal Tissue Temperature Variations and Compute Thermal Dose 351<br /><i>Devashish Shrivastava</i></p> <p>27 The Use and Safety of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles in MRI and MFH 361<br /><i>Hattie L. Ring, John C. Bischof, and Michael Garwood</i></p> <p>28 Numerical Simulation for MRI RF Coils and Safety 379<br /><i>Julie M. Kabil and Anand Gopinath</i></p> <p>29 Integral Equation Approach to Modeling RF Fields in Human Body in MRI Systems for Safety 399<br /><i>Anand Gopinath</i></p> <p>30 Safety Practices and Protocols in the MR Research Center of the Columbia University in the City of New York 407<br /><i>Kathleen Durkin, Dania Elder, and David H. Gultekin</i></p> <p><b>Part C: Engineering</b></p> <p>31 History, Physics, and Design of Superconducting Magnets for MRI 423<br /><i>Bruce Breneman</i></p> <p>32 Fabrication of Superconducting Magnets for MRI 447<br /><i>Bruce Breneman</i></p> <p>33 Magnet Field Shimming and External Ferromagnetic Influences on the Homogeneity and Site Shielding of Superconducting MRI Magnets 469<br /><i>Bruce Breneman</i></p> <p>34 Gradient Coils 489<br /><i>Maxim Zaitsev, Philipp Amrein, Feng Jia, and Sebastian Littin</i></p> <p>35 RF Coil Construction for MRI 504<br /><i>J. Thomas Vaughan and Russell Lagore</i></p> <p>Index 521</p>
<p><b>Editors</b> <p><b>Devashish Shrivastava,</b> <i>In Vivo Temperatures, LLC, USA</i> <p><b>J. Thomas Vaughan,</b> <i>Columbia University in the City of New York, USA</i>
<p><b>SAFETY AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN MRI</b> <p>In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into a versatile and critical, if not 'gold standard', imaging tool with applications ranging from the physical sciences to the clinical '-ology'. In addition, there is a vast amount of accumulated but unpublished inside knowledge on what is needed to perform a safe, in vivo MRI. The goal of this comprehensive text, written by an outstanding group of world experts, is to present information about the effect of the MRI environment on the human body, and tools and methods to quantify such effects. By presenting such information all in one place, the expectation is that this book will help everyone interested in the Safety and Biological Effects in MRI find relevant information relatively quickly and know where we stand as a community. The information is expected to improve patient safety in the MR scanners of today, and facilitate developing faster, more powerful, yet safer MR scanners of tomorrow. <p>This book is arranged in three sections. The first, named 'Static and Gradient Fields' (Chapters 1-9), presents the effects of static magnetic field and the gradients of magnetic field, in time and space, on the human body. The second section, named 'Radiofrequency Fields' (Chapters 10-30), presents ways to quantify radiofrequency (RF) field induced heating in patients undergoing MRI. The effect of the three fields of MRI environment (i.e. Static Magnetic Field, Time-varying Gradient Magnetic Field, and RF Field) on medical devices, that may be carried into the environment with patients, is also included. Finally, the third section, named 'Engineering' (chapters 31-35), presents the basic background engineering information regarding the equipment (i.e. superconducting magnets, gradient coils, and RF coils) that produce the Static Magnetic Field, Time-varying Gradient Magnetic Field, and RF Field. <p>The book is intended for undergraduate and post-graduate students, engineers, physicists, biologists, clinicians, MR technologists, other healthcare professionals, and everyone else who might be interested in looking into the role of MRI environment on patient safety, as well as those just wishing to update their knowledge of the state of MRI safety. Those, who are learning about MRI or training in magnetic resonance in medicine, will find the book a useful compendium of the current state of the art of the field. <p><b>About <i>eMagRes</i> Handbooks</b> <p><i>eMagRes</i> publishes a wide range of online articles on all aspects of magnetic resonance in physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. The existence of this large number of articles, written by experts in various fields, is enabling the publication of a series of <i>eMagRes</i> Handbooks on specific areas of NMR and MRI. The chapters of each of these handbooks will comprise a carefully chosen selection of <i>eMagRes</i> articles. In consultation with the <i>eMagRes</i> Editorial Board, the <i>eMagRes</i> Handbooks are coherently planned in advance by specially-selected Editors, and new articles are written to give appropriate complete coverage. The handbooks are intended to be of value and interest to research students, postdoctoral fellows and other researchers learning about the scientific area in question and undertaking relevant experiments, whether in academia or industry.

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