Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
About the Editors
Notes on Contributors
Foreword
References
Acknowledgements
1 Overview and Structure of the Book
Introduction
Structure of the Book
References
Part I: Research and Theoretical Perspectives
2 Child Abuse and Neglect
Introduction
Conceptual and Methodological Challenges
Who is Missing from the Prevalence Research?
Cases Known to Services
Community Prevalence Surveys
Implications for Practice
References
3 Child Abuse and Neglect
Child Abuse and Neglect: Ecological Perspectives
Historical Single‐Factor Approaches
Developmental Theories
The Multi‐Factor (Ecological) Model
Risk and Protective Factors
Ecological Approaches to Prevention
Future Directions
References
4 Fatal Child Maltreatment
Incidence of Fatal Child Maltreatment
The Nature of Fatal Child Maltreatment
Risk Factors for Fatal Child Maltreatment
Learning from Child Maltreatment Fatalities
Preventing Child Maltreatment Fatalities
References
5 Psychological, Economic and Physical Health Consequences of Child Maltreatment
Psychological Health
Economic Health
Physical Health
Maltreatment Research in Perspective
Conclusion
References
6 The Neurobiology and Genetics of Childhood Maltreatment
The Impact of Maltreatment on Brain Development
Structural Differences
Functional Differences
References
7 Intimate Partner Violence and Child Maltreatment
Co‐occurrence
Effects on the Child
Risk Factors
Implications for Research, Practice and Policy
Conclusion
References
Part II: Children's Services and Public Health Approaches to Prevention
8 Implications of Children’s Services Policy on Child Abuse and Neglect in England
Children Growing Up in a World Free from Violence
Children in the UK
Children in Need in England
Children Who are the Subject of Child Protection Plans
Looked‐After Children
International Legal Context
Legislative Framework in the UK
What Is the State of Child Welfare Services in England in 2016?
Financing the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect
A Public Health Approach to Prevention
Ending Violence Against Children
References
9 Children’s Services
Introduction
Family Preservation: Does It Work?
Principles to Guide the Decision to Remove Children from Their Parents
Building Partnerships with Parents
Conclusion
References
10 Using the Formal Pre‐Proceedings Process to Prevent or Prepare for Care Proceedings in the UK
Introduction
The Pre‐Proceedings Process for Care Proceedings
Researching the Pre‐Proceedings Process – Method and Main Findings
Case Studies
How and Why Does the Pre‐Proceedings Process Work?
Where the Plan Is Care by Others
Not a Golden Solution – Negative Aspects of the Pre‐Proceedings Process
Conclusions
Pre‐Proceedings and Care Proceedings Under the Children and Families Act 2014
References
11 The Prevention of Child Maltreatment
Why Parenting is so Important
Parenting and Child Maltreatment
The Triple P System of Population‐Level Parenting Intervention
Adopting a Public Health Approach to Child Maltreatment
Implications and Challenges
Conclusion
References
12 What Works to Prevent the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Youth
Child‐Focused Approaches: Educating Youth to Avoid Sexual Victimisation
Parent‐Focused Prevention Strategies
Preventing Sexual Exploitation in Youth‐Serving Organisations
Societal‐Level Prevention Strategies
Conclusion
References
Part III: Assessment
13 Evidence‐Based Assessments of Children and Families
Purpose and Principles of SAAF
The SAAF Seven‐Stage Model
Evaluation of SAAF
Conclusion
References
14 Utilising an Attachment Perspective in Parenting Assessment
What is Attachment?
Parenting: An Attachment Theory Perspective
Patterns of Caregiving and Attachment
The Attachment Component in Evaluating Parenting
Parent and Parent–Child Interaction Measures
Conclusions
References
15 Evidence‐Based and Developmentally Appropriate Forensic Interviewing of Children
The Need to Conduct Developmentally Appropriate Interviews
Children’s Cognitive Competencies and Limitations
Interviewing Strategies
Training
Conclusions
References
16 Considering Parental Risk in Parenting (Child Custody) Evaluation Cases Involving Child Sexual Exploitation Material
Introduction
Investigative, Legal and Empirical Context of the Offending Behaviour
Considering Parental Risk
Clinical Analysis of CSEM Offending and Risk in Family Settings: Two Case Studies
Conclusion
References
17 Assessments in Child Care Proceedings
Introduction
The Context
Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS)
Lack of Protection for Practitioners
Evidence‐Based Practice: Challenges and Consequences
Elevated Expectations
Transforming Social Workers
Ideas for a Framework for Assessment
Forensic Approach to Assessment
Risk Assessment
Conclusions
References
Part IV: Interventions with Children and Families
18 Evidence‐Based Approaches to Empower Children and Families at Risk for Child Physical Abuse to Overcome Abuse and Violence
Review of Evidence‐Based Therapies (EBTs) to Address CPA
Summary of CPC‐CBT Components: A Case Illustration
Conclusion
References
19 Effective Therapies for Children and Non‐offending Caregivers in the Aftermath of Child Sexual Abuse or Other Traumas
Brief Review of Research for Treatments in the Supported by and Well‐Supported by Research Evidence Categories
Review of TF‐CBT Research
Description of TF‐CBT
TF‐CBT Case Study
Conclusion
References
20 Effectiveness of Cognitive and Behavioural Group‐Based Parenting Programmes to Enhance Child Protective Factors and Reduce Risk Factors for Maltreatment
Effectiveness of Cognitive and Behavioural Group‐Based Parenting Programmes
In Focus: Incredible Years (IY)
Parenting Programme Moderators and Limitations
Conclusions
References
21 Critical Factors in the Successful Implementation of Evidence‐Based Parenting Programmes
Introduction
Parenting Interventions
Fidelity
Fidelity and Adaptation
Parenting Interventions and Fidelity
Promoting Quality Implementation
Conclusions
References
22 School‐Based Prevention of and Intervention in Child Maltreatment
Perspectives on the Role of School Personnel
The IOM Protractor: A Conceptual Framework from Public Health
Prevention: School‐ and Community‐Based Educational Programming for Child Maltreatment
Treatment: Child Maltreatment Detection and Reporting as First Steps
Treatment: School‐Based Interventions for Survivors of Child Maltreatment
Maintenance: Long‐Term Care and After‐Care
Conclusions: How Schools Can Help Moving Forward
Further Resources
References
23 Using Assessment of Attachment in Child Care Proceedings to Guide Intervention
The Dynamic‐Maturational Model (DMM) of Attachment and Adaptation
IASA Family Attachment Court Protocol
DMM Integrative Treatment
The Real World: Case Study
Summary
Conclusion
References
Part V: Novel Interventions with Families
24 Working Systemically with Families with Intimate Partner Violence
Setting the Scene
Our Safety Methodology for Safe Practice: Risk, Responsibility and Collaboration
Contra‐Indications for Safe Relational Therapeutic Practice with Couples and Families
Working in the Territory: Looking After Ourselves
References
25 Working with Non‐Offending Parents in Cases of Child Sexual Abuse
Disclosure‐Related Challenges for Non‐Offending Parents
Non‐Offending Parents Facing Their Child’s Social and Judicial Experience
Responding to the Needs of the Family: Child Advocacy Programmes
Parents Becoming Aware of the Consequences of Abuse on Their Child
Child’s Sexual Abuse and Its Impact on Non‐Offending Parents
Providing Support: The Profiles of Parents of Sexually Abused Children
Working with Non‐Abusing Parents in Assessing the Child’s Needs
Working with Non‐Abusing Parents in Therapy: How to Help Parents Play an Active Role in Providing a Secure and Understanding Environment
Conclusions
References
26 Working with Parents with Intellectual Disabilities in Child Care Proceedings
Definition
Additional Issues for Parents with IDD and Outcomes for Their Children
Involvement of Children’s Services
Parental Service Engagement
Best‐Practice Guidelines in the UK
Identifying Parents with IDD
Ongoing Support for Parents with IDD
Case Example of a Parent Support Service: Valuing Parents Support Service
Conclusion
References
27 Working with Parents with a Diagnosis of Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders
Parents Diagnosed with a Personality Disorder
Interventions
Case Example: Working with Narcissistic Clients
Conclusions
References
28 Working with Parents Who Misuse Alcohol and Drugs
Introduction
Substance Use and the Child Welfare System
How Should the Child Welfare System Respond?
Looking Ahead
Conclusion
References
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 02
Table 2.1 Child homicide rates 2012 per 100,000 child population aged 0–19 years by region and within region highest and lowest rate countries.
Table 2.2 Prevalence of lifetime (LT) and past‐year (PY) childhood victimisation by victimisation type, victim age group and gender (95% confidence intervals, weighted data).
Chapter 03
Table 3.1 Risk and protective factors at different ecological levels for online sexual grooming and abuse.
Chapter 04
Table 4.1 Factors to include in an understanding of fatal child maltreatment.
Table 4.2 Classification of fatal maltreatment.
Table 4.3 Rates of children subject to a child protection plan and child maltreatment fatalities, England, 2005–2010.
Table 4.4 Longitudinal studies of mortality risk in populations of maltreated children.
Table 4.5 Prevalence of parental mental ill‐health, substance misuse and domestic violence and child protection concerns.
Table 4.6 Learning from Serious Case Reviews: Issues for professional practice.
Chapter 05
Table 5.1 Definitions of maltreatment used in this chapter.
Chapter 06
Table 6.1 An overview of the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the main brain imaging modalities used to investigate the impact of childhood maltreatment.
Chapter 08
Table 8.1 Children in the UK: Selected facts and figures.
Table 8.2 Children who are the subject of a child protection plan at 31 March.
Chapter 11
Table 11.1 The Pathways Triple P system of intervention.
Chapter 14
Table 14.1 Parenting interaction and representational assessments.
Chapter 16
Table 16.1 Introduction to the cases.
Table 16.2 Indications of motivation to offend.
Table 16.3 Indications of ability to overcome internal inhibitions.
Table 16.4 Indications of ability to overcome external inhibitions.
Table 16.5 Indications of ability to overcome victim resistance.
Chapter 17
Table 17.1 Good assessment (adapted from Middleton, 1997).
Table 17.2 Ideas for a framework for assessment.
Chapter 20
Table 20.1 Parent programmes available in the UK, rated against standards of evidence.
Chapter 22
Table 22.1 Child maltreatment programmes.
Chapter 23
Table 23.1 DMM assessments of protective attachment strategies.
Chapter 25
Table 25.1 Key Learning Points from the evidence base: Knowledge to assist professionals in mobilising parents to provide support to their children.
Chapter 26
Table 26.1 Guidance on working with parents with IDD (adapted from WTPN London Parents Advisory Group, 2014).
Table 26.2 Guidance on communicating with parents with IDD (adapted from WTPN London Parents Advisory Group, 2014).
Table 26.3 Comparison of needs of and outcomes for families supported by the Valuing Parents Support Service and Assessment Service.
Chapter 28
Table 28.1 Selected screening and assessment tools.
Table 28.2 Selected resources for more information.
Table 28.3 Training for child welfare staff.
List of Illustrations
Chapter 03
Figure 3.1 Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems model (1979).
Figure 3.2 An ecological–transactional model of child maltreatment.
Figure 3.3 Resilience‐based ecological model.
Chapter 04
Figure 4.1 The spectrum of violent and maltreatment deaths in childhood.
Figure 4.2 Parental characteristics of fatal maltreatment cases in England, 2009–2011 (N = 72).
Chapter 06
Figure 6.1
Brain activation and correlations in maltreated children during the processing of threat cues.
a. Greater amygdala activation in children exposed to maltreatment during pre‐attentive viewing of angry faces vs. neutral faces compared to control children; b. Scatterplot depicting the correlation between right amygdala activity during angry face processing and age of onset of emotional abuse in maltreated children; c. Scatterplot depicting the correlation between right amygdala activity during angry face processing and duration of emotional abuse in maltreated children. See McCrory, De Brito, Kelly et al., 2013 for full details.
Chapter 08
Figure 8.1 Framework for the intervention and prevention of child maltreatment.
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 The population multilevel, multiformat Triple P system of parenting support and intervention.
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (Department of Health, Department for Education and Employment, and Home Office, 2000).
Figure 13.2 Linear and circular processes underlying analysis.
Figure 13.3 Severity of impairment of the child’s health and development and impact on the child.
Figure 13.4 Severity of impairment of the child’s health and development and impact on the child, summary grid.
Figure 13.5 Systemic analysis of the identified factors and processes leading to patterns of harm to the child.
Figure 13.6 Example rating scale table with associated summary grid.
Chapter 16
Figure 16.1 Empirical case formulation model for CSEM users (Merdian, Perkins, Dustagheer & Glorney, in review). Reprinted with permission of the authors.
Chapter 22
Figure 22.1 IOM Protractor.
Chapter 23
Figure 23.1 The Dynamic‐Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation.
Guide
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Table of Contents
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