This edition first published 2017
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ISBN 9781119125105 (hardback)
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Greening is not merely a trendy concept, but is becoming a necessity to bolster social, environmental, and economic sustainability. Naturally, green communications have received much attention recently. As mobile network infrastructures and mobile devices proliferate, an increasing number of users rely on cellular networks for their daily lives. As a result, mobile networks are among the major energy hogs of communication networks and their contribution to global energy consumption is increasing fast. Therefore, greening of cellular networks is crucial to reducing the carbon footprint of Information and Communications Technology (ICT). As a result, the field is attracting tremendous research efforts from both academia and industry.
This book is intended to provide a technical description of state-of-the-art developments in greening of mobile networks from a networking perspective. It discusses fundamental networking technologies that lead to energy-efficient mobile networks. These technologies include heterogeneous networking, multi-cell cooperation, mobile traffic offloading, traffic load balancing, renewable energy integrated mobile networking, device-to-device networking, and mobile content delivery optimization. The text is suitable for graduate courses in electrical and computer engineering and computer science. The authors have adopted some materials presented in this book for their graduate courses at New Jersey Institute of Technology1 and University of North Carolina–Charlotte2. This book also includes many results and patented algorithms from our research, which makes this book a valuable reference for graduate students, practicing engineers, and research scientists in the field of green communications and networking.
The material is structured in a modular fashion with chapters being reasonably independent of each other. Individual chapters can be perused in an arbitrary order to the liking and interest of the reader, and they can also be incorporated as part of a larger, more comprehensive course. The first chapter provides an overview of existing networking technologies and solutions for greening mobile networks. The second to fourth chapters cover three major networking technologies in detail: multi-cell cooperation, green energy enabled mobile networking, and spectrum and energy harvesting. The fifth to ninth chapters present green mobile networking solutions including mobile traffic offloading, optimizing green energy enabled mobile networks, traffic load balancing, device-to-device networking, and content delivery optimization.
3rd generation partnership project
Acknowledgment based on CWND estimation
Amplify-and-forward; decode-and-forward
Adaptive modulation and coding
Automatic repeat-request; hybrid ARQ
Bandwidth allocation
Bandwidth delay product
Base station energy sharing
Binary energy system sizing
Battery minimization
Base station operation and power distribution optimization
Base station
Capital expenditure; operational expenditure
Constant bit rate
Cell dedicated channel
Cell forward access channel
Cell page channel
Cluster formation
Cluster head
Coordinated multi-point
Content owner selection
Cognitive radio
Cell range expansion
Cooperative sensing scheduling
Congestion warning
Congestion window
Device-to-device
Digital-to-analog converter; analog-to-digital converter
Direct current; alternating current
Dedicated channel
Dynamic resource allocation
Data rate bias
Dynamic spectrum access
Energy causality constraint
Energy depleting ratio
Energy dependent set
Energy efficiency
Energy harvesting
Energy loss and latency aware
Energy Allocation
Evolved packet system
Energy saving greedy
Energy savings maximization
Energy spectrum trading
Evolved UTMS terrestrial radio access network
Fusion center
Green energy aware and latency aware; virtual GALA
Green energy aware problem
Green content broker
Green energy optimization
Green energy provisioning
Green energy system sizing
General packet radio service
Green relay assignment
General user association
Heterogeneous networks
Heuristic traffic offloading
Intelligent cell breathing
Information and communications technology
Internet of things
Internet service provider
Interference temperature
Karush–Kuhn–Tucker
Latency aware problem
Largest EDR minimization
Latency minimization
Loss of energy probability
Loss of load probability
Long term evolution
Media access control
Macro base station
Markov decision process
Multi-stage energy allocation
Multi-BS energy balancing
Multi-input-multi-output
Mixed integer non-linear programming
Mobile network operator
Maximal ratio combining
Maximum weight bipartite matching
No cache
Non-line-of-sight
Non-interfering prefetching system
Network utility aware
Opportunistic distributed space-time coding
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing; orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
Point to point; point to multi-point
Power-bandwidth ratio
Primary base station
Provisioning cost aware
Power consumption minimization; simplified PCM; heuristic PCM; weighted PCM
Packet data convergence protocol
Partially observable Markov decision process
Processor sharing
QoS bound
Quality of experience
Quality of service
Resource allocation
Radio access network; RAN controller
Radio access technology
Random early detection
Radio frequency
Radio link control
Relay node
Round robin
Radio resource control
Received-signal-strength-indication
Retransmission timeouts
Round trip time
System advisor model
Secondary base stations
Small cell base station
Small cell network
Serving content selection
Source-destination
Secondary data rate
Service data unit
Spectrum, efficiency
Serving GPRS support node; gateway GPRS support node
Secure hash algorithm
Side information
Signal interference noise ratio
Source node
Signal to noise ratio
Software-defined radio access network
Strongest signal first
Time division multiple access; frequency division multiple access
Traffic offloading maximization
User association
User equipment
Universal mobile telecommunications system
UTRAN registration area paging channel
Usage-aware interactive content adaptation
Wireless boosted session transport
Weighted energy minimization
Wireless loss alarm
Weighted user–BS association; approximate WUA
Inter-eNode B interfaces