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ISBN: 978-1-119-32022-7

ISSN: 0196-6219

CONTENTS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS

DEVELOPMENT OF SOFC TECHNOLOGY AT TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. MEA DEVELOPMENT
4. HIGH-TEMPERATURE SEALS DEVELOPMENT
5. STACK DEVELOPMENT
6. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
7. CONCLUSION
8. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
9. REFERENCES
DEVELOPMENT OF PLASMA SPRAYED PROTECTIVE LSM COATING IN INER
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCES
PRODUCTION AND CO-SINTERING AT 950°C OF PLANAR HALF CELLS WITH CuO-GDC CERMET SUPPORTING ANODE AND Li₂O-DOPED GDC ELECTROLYTE
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
7. REFERENCES
SINTERING PROPERTIES OF TiC-Ni-Mo CERMET USING NANOSIZED TiC POWDERS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCESS
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSION
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
7. REFERENCES
ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PHLOGOPITE MICA/BaO-Al₂CO₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂-BASED GLASS SEALANTS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. RESULTS AND DISSCUSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
7. REFERENCES
DIRECT UTILIZATION OF ETHANOL IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CeO₂-Al₂O₃ BASED ANODES
1. ABSTRACT
2. 1. INTRODUCTION
3. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
4. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. 4. CONCLUSION
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7. REFERENCES
CORROSION STUDY OF CERIA PROTECTIVE LAYER DEPOSITED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS ON STEEL INTERCONNECTS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
7. REFERENCES
SYNTHESIS OF Sr₂MgMoO_6−δ BY ATMOSPHERE-CONTROLLED CALCINATION METHOD AND CHARACTERIZATION FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
7. REFERENCES
PHASE INTERACTION AND DISTRIBUTION IN MIXED IONIC ELECTRONIC CONDUCTING CERIA-SPINEL COMPOSITES
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7. REFERENCES
INTERFACE-MATCHING FOR BARIUM STRONTIUM FERRATE-CERIA BY DROP-COATING BUFFER LAYER
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7. REFERENCES
STABILITY OF MATERIALS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS WITH AMMONIA FUEL
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENT
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
7. REFERENCES
INVESTIGATION ON THE PHASE STABILITY OF PEROVSKITE IN LA-SR-CR-FE-O SYSTEM
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCES:
INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE TESTING RELIABILITY BY INTRODUCING CURRENT COLLECTION MODIFICATION FOR THE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. REFERENCES

CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS FOR ELECTRICAL, OPTICAL AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

NaNbO₃/PVDF COMPOSITE: A FLEXIBLE FUNCTIONAL MATERIAL
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
4. RESULTS
5. CONCLUSION
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7. REFERENCES
Author Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1 The INER-SOFC-MEA fabrication flow chart.
Figure 2 Long-term durability test result for 1st-gen INER-SOFC-MEA with cell structure of NiO-YSZ|YSZ|YSZ-LSM|LSM.
Figure 3 Composition analyses between electrolyte/cathode interfaces after 15000 hours operation.
Figure 4 Composition analyses between anode/electrolyte interfaces after 15000 hours operation.
Figure 5 Durability result for ASC with perovskite series cathode material SBSC.
Figure 6 (a) Nano-channels in plasma sprayed Ni-YSZ anode.12 (b) I-V-P plots of INER-MS-SOFC single stack.
Figure 7 Long-term durability test results of an MS-SOFC single stack.
Figure 8 SEM Micrographs of (a) non-isothermally crystallized GC9 glass (bulk), and (b) sintered GC9 glass powders.
Figure 9 Leak rate of sealed Crofer22 APU/GC9 glass/Crofer22 APU and Crofer22 APU/GC9 glass + mica mixture/Crofer22 APU coupons during 50-thermal cycling test at 800°C in air.
Figure 10 Performance map for a single-cell stack.
Figure 11 I-V-P curves of the 36-cell stack under different gas flow rates.
Figure 12 Variations of cell voltages of the 36-cell stack operated at 1069W
Figure 13 XRD patterns of (a) 12%CeO₂/α-Al₂O₃, (b) 0.5%Pt/12%CeO₂/α-Al2O₃, (c) 1.0%Pt/12%CeO₂/α-Al₂O₃, (d) 2.0%Pt/12%CeO₂/α-Al₂O₃, and (e) 4.0%Pt/12%CeO₂/α-Al₂O₃.
Figure 14 Comparisons of methane conversion rates using ring-shape supported catalysts with various Pt contents at 800°C.
Figure 15 I-V-P curves of a 36-cell stack on the INER-III SOFC system.

Chapter 2

Figure 1 (a) Schematic diagram of the APS system. (b) Re-granulated LSM powders.
Figure 2 3D arrangement of components used in single-cell stack measurement configuration.
Figure 3 The schematic diagram of INER’s novel metal substrate for MS-SOFC.
Figure 4 The XRD results of (a) as-sprayed LSM coating on different substrates; (b) LSM coated specimens after long term stability test at 800°C for 9,668 hrs.
Figure 5 (a) Surface morphology and (b) cross-sectional micrographs of as-sprayed LSM coating on a Crofer 22 H substrate without the pre-oxidation treatment (c) EDS results obtained from the red square area in (b).
Figure 6 Surface morphology micrographs of LSM coatings on different substrates (a) Crofer 22 H ; (b) Crofer 22 APU; (c) SS 441 after long term ASR measurement at 800°C for 9,668 hours in air.
Figure 7 Cross-sectional micrographs of LSM coatings on (a) Crofer 22 H; (b) Crofer 22 APU; (c) SS 441; (d) SS 441 substrates after long term ASR measurement at 800°C for 9,668 hours in air.
Figure 8 Cross-sectional element distributon profiles across the oxide scales of LSM coated (a) Crofer 22 H; (b) Crofer 22 APU; (c) SS 441 substrates after long term ASR measurement at 800°C for 9,668 hours in air.
Figure 9 Long-term ASR measurement results of LSM-coated Crofer 22 H, Crofer 22 APU and SS441 specimens.
Figure 10 I-V-P test results of MS-SOFC single cell stack.
Figure 11 Measured curves in the long-term stability test of MS-SOFC single cell stack.

Chapter 3

Figure 1 Slurry viscosity as a function of dispersant content (AP) and solid load (SL)
Figure 2 SEM images of upper (a) and fracture surface (b) of pure GDC10 samples sintered at 1550°C for 3 h.
Figure 3 Effect of Li₂O on the GDC10 sintering behaviour.
Figure 4 Cross section (produced by manual fracture) of 2 mol% Li₂O -doped stand-alone tape cast sample sintered at 950°C.
Figure 5 Anode and electrolyte shrinkage rate upon sintering.
Figure 6 Electrolyte surface after cosintering with anode C for 3 h at 950 °C.
Figure 7 Anode and electrolyte TEC.
Figure 8 Electrolyte surface after cosintering with anode A for 3 h at 950°C.
Figure 9 Cross section (produced by manual fracture) of the electrolyte after cosintering with anode A for 3 h at 950°C.
Figure 10 Cross section (produced by manual fracture) of the half-cell cosintered for 3 h at 950°C.

Chapter 4

Figure 1 XRD of carbon coated precursor
Figure 2 TEM of carbon coated precursor
Figure 3 XRD results for TiC (32) and TiC (31)
Figure 4 TEM micrographs of synthesized TiC
Figure 5 Percent theoretical density vs Mo wt%
Figure 6 XRD results for sintered TiC samples (31wt% C)
Figure 7 SEM of sintered samples
Figure 8 Grain size vs change in Mo content
Figure 9 HV rating vs Mo wt%
Figure 10 Fracture toughness vs Mo wt%
Figure 11 Conductivity vs Mo content
Figure 12 Oxidation wt% gain vs Mo content
Figure 13 XRD results for oxidized layer of TiC (31wt% C)
Figure 14 SEM of oxidized layer and measurements of oxide layer thickness (mag 500x)
Figure 15 EDS element mapping of TiC(31) samples

Chapter 5

Figure 1 Thermal expansion curves of the Phlogopite mica/GC9 glass blends at different weight fractions of mica.
Figure 2 Cross-sectional micrographs of the sintered Phlogopite mica/GC9 glass blends at weight fractions of mica x= (a) 0, (b) 0.1, and (c) 0.2.
Figure 3 The viscosity and sample height of Phlogopite mica/GC9 glass blends as a function of temperature.
Figure 4 Ring-on-ring tests for the Phlogopite mica/GC9 glass blends. (a) the curves of stress vs. displacement, and (b) the appearance of tested specimens. (Note: red ink was used for penetrant testing)
Figure 5 The evolution of electrical resistance of Phlogopite mica/GC9 glass blends at different weight fraction of mica at 800°C.
Figure 6 The evolution of leakage rates of the sealed Crofer22APU/(Phlogopite mica/GC9 glass hybrid sealant)/Crofer22APU coupons for the thermal cycling (RT-800°C) tests.

Chapter 6

Figure 1 (a) Cerium-aluminum oxide phase, CeAlO₃; tetragonal unit cell with perovskite type structure, depicting the position of the ions Ce³⁺, Al³⁺ and O²⁻, (b) Cerium oxide phase; CeO₂, cubic unit cell showing the spatial positions occupied by the ions Ce⁴⁺ and O²⁻.
Figure 2 XPS spectra corresponding to the Ce(3d) region of (a) electrocatalyst sample after being calcined in air at 600°C, (b) after being calcined in air at 900°C, (c) after being calcined in air at 900 °C followed by reduction under hydrogen atmosphere at 900°C.
Figure 3 X-ray diffraction spectra for (a) Functional Layer 1 and (b) Functional Layer 2 and (c) electrocatalyst CeO₂-Al₂O₃, tread in air at 900 °C. The insert presents the X-ray intensity magnified to unveil the Al₂O₃ peaks.
Figure 4 EDS element mapping for Functional Layer 1, as analyzed by FIB slice viewing (a) on typical area morphology to show the distribution of the elements (b) Zr; (c) Ce; (d) Al.
Figure 5 Anode volume reconstruction and its dimensions.
Figure 6 Raman spectroscopy (a) anode multifunctional layer 1, (b) anode multifunctional layer 2.
Figure 7: Charge transfer mechanism with oxygen storage and release.
Figure 8 (a) Hydrogen and carbon monoxide adsorption (b) electrochemical reaction.

Chapter 7

Figure 1. SEM micrographs of surface and cross-section of steel with different ceria layer thickness and without ceria layer annealed in hydrogen atmosphere for 250 h and 1000 h.
Figure 2. XRD pattern of steel with different ceria layer thickness and without ceria layer oxidized in hydrogen for 250 h (A) and 1000 h (B). Phases description: 0 – Crofer 22 APU substrate, 1 − Cr₂O₃, 2 − CrMn₂O₄ (cubic), 3 − CrMn₂O₄ (tetragonal), 4 − Mn_1.5Cr_1.5O₄ (cubic),* − CeO₂.

Chapter 8

Figure 1 X-ray diffraction patterns of the powder synthesized via firing at 1000°C in (a) O₂, (b) H₂, and (c) 5% H₂/Ar.
Figure 2 (a) High-temperature X-ray diffraction patterns of the mixed powder of the starting materials (SrCO₃, MgO, and MoO₃)in 2% H₂/Ar; (b) magnified view.
Figure 3 X-ray diffraction patterns of the powder synthesized by the stepwise calcination (a) and magnified view (b). (i) 5% H₂/Ar (1000°C for 140 h); (ii) 5% H₂/Ar (1000°C for 140 h) + O₂ (1100°C for 180 h); (iii) 5% H₂/Ar (1000°C for 140 h) + O₂ (1100°C for 180 h) + 5% H₂/Ar (1100°C for 10 h); (iv) 5% H₂/Ar (1000°C for 140 h) + O₂ (1100°C for 180 h) + 5% H₂/Ar (1100°C for 10 h) + O₂ (1100°C for 1 h).
Figure 4 X-ray diffraction patterns of the final product prepared after the third calcination in 5% H2/Ar (950°C for 3 h) of the precursor prepared by the two-step calcination in atmospheres of 5% H₂/Ar (1000°C for 140 h) and O₂ (1100°C for 180 h).
Figure 5 X-ray diffraction patterns of Sr₂MgMoO_6−δ powders obtained after annealing at 1300°C
Figure 6 X-ray diffraction pattern of SMM powder prepared by using Sr(NO₃)₂ as starting material for strontium. Calcination conditions: first, 5% H₂/Ar (1000°C for 140 h); second, O₂ (1100°C for 180 h); third, 5% H₂/Ar (950°C for 3 h).

Chapter 9

Figure 1 XRD plots of the composites with varying spinel content from 40 wt% to 10 wt% sintered at 1200°C for 10h
Figure 2 SEM images of GDC-FCO composites with ratios 60:40 (top left), 70:30 (top right), 80:20 (bottom left) and 90:10 (bottom right).
Figure 3 STEM-HAADF and EDS element mapping of GDC-FCO 90:10 ratio composite sintered at 1200°C for 10h
Figure 4 Electrical conductivities of GDC-FCO composites with varying spinel content from 40 wt% to 10 wt% measured by four point DC method in ambient air.
Figure 5 Plot as a function of permeance for varying spinel content in the GDC-FCO composite and their corresponding calculated activation energy between 800°–1000°C
Figure 6 STEM-HAADF image of a GDC substrate PLD coated with FCO layer as deposited
Figure 7 Diffraction pattern measured on thin film samples after annealing at (a) 1100 °C (b) 1050 °C and (c) 1000 °C. The vertical lines indicate literature pattern from PDF database: GDC (green), FeCo₂O₄ (red), Fe₂CoO₄ (pink), CoCo₂O₄ (yellow), Gd(Fe,Co)O₃ (light blue)
Figure 8 EDS net count mapping of the 1000°C 3h(top) and higher magnification EDS mapping of A1(bottom) marked in image on the left.
Figure 9 SIMS plot of as deposited (left) and 1050°C 6h annealed (right) samples.
Figure 10 Impedance spectra (Nyquist plot) of a sample with symmetrical GDC-FCO dual phase cathode measured at three different temperatures.

Chapter 10

Figure 1 TG/DSC curves of Ba_0.5Sr_0.5FeO₃
Figure 2 XRD patterns of different clacined Ba_0.5Sr_0.5FeO₃ powders.
Figure 3 XRD patterns of different sintered bulks of Ba_0.5Sr_0.5FeO₃.
Figure 4 XRD patterns of the 70BSF composite cathodes sintered at 1100, 1150, 1200 and1300°C for 6h.
Figure 5 FESEM & EBSD images of the cross section of cathode materials sintered at 1150°C for 6h in air, FESEM images of (a) BSF (c) 70BSF; EBSD images of (b) BSF (d) 70BSF.
Figure 6 FESEM images of the cross section of the tested cells sintered at 1150°C. (a) BSF/ LSBC, (b) 70BSF/LSBC, (c) BSF/i6BSF/LSBC and (d) 70BSF/i6BSF/LSBC.
Fig.7. I-V and I-P curves of the half-cells measured at different operation temperatures with hydrogen as fuel and static air as oxidant. (a) BSF/LSBC/Pt, (b) 70BSF/LSBC/Pt, (c) BSF/i6BSF/LSBC/Pt and (d) 70BSF/i6BSF/LSBC/Pt.

Chapter 11

Figure 1 Schematic of ammonia energy supply chain.
Figure 2 Schematic of SOFC stack.
Figure 3 Heating protocol for samples in ammonia atmosphere.
Figure 4. XRD patterns of NiO/YSZ anode after heating in ammonia atmosphere. Solid triangles show the 8YSZ peak positions. The other peak is due to nickel.
Figure 5 SEM images of NiO/YSZ anode after heating in ammonia atmosphere. (a) 600 °C, (b) 700 °C, (c) 800 °C .
Figure 6 XRD patterns of NiO/YSZ anode after heating at various temperatures in ammonia atmosphere.

Chapter 12

Fig.1. a.b. and c. phase amounts of LSCrF-YSZ cell calculated for three different LSCrF compositions (a. (La_0.8Sr_0.2)(Cr_0.3Fe_0.7)O_3−δ, b.(La_0.8Sr_0.2)(Cr_0.5Fe_0.5)0_3−δ, and c. (La_0.8Sr_0.2)(Cr_0.7Fe_0.3)O_3−δat 1400°C and under reducing atmosphere thermodynamic calculations.
Fig.2 variation of ultimate oxygen partial pressure with Fe concentration for structural stability of LSCrF compositions.
Fig.3. XRD graph of a)LSCrF after calcination at 900°C, b) LSCrF after sintering at 1350°C, and c) LSCrF + YSZ after annealing at 1400°C for 10 hours under Ar atmosphere.
Fig.4. A magnification on the area covering an unknown peak a) (La0.8Sr0.2)(Cr0.5Fe0.5)03−δ after sintering at 1350°C in the air b) (La0.8Sr0.2)(Cr0.5Fe0.5)03−δ + YSZ after annealing at 1400°C under Ar.
Fig.5) XRD graph (La₀.₈Sr_0.2)(Cr_0.3Fe_0.7)O_3−δ + YSZ heat treated at 1400C for 10h under Ar atmosphere.

Chapter 13

Fig. 1 Typical SEM micrographs of the anode-supported SOFC: (a) a fracture cross-section of the cell, (b) top-view of anode, (c) top-view of the cathode, and (d) top-view of YSZ electrolyte.
Fig. 2 The schematic diagram of (a) three cells with different current collector (b) the cathode current collector and measurement setup with Pt wire/pigtail for direct connection to the current lead wire.
Fig. 3 I-V-P curves of cell performance with different setups of the current collector measured at different temperatures: (a) 800 °C, (b) 750 °C, (C) 700 °C.
Fig. 4 The impedance spectra of cells with different setup of the current collector measured at 800 °C.
Fig. 5 The I-V-P curves of cell-I measured at 700, 750, and 800 °C.
Fig. 6 The impedance spectra of the cell-I measured under open circuit voltage condition at different temperatures.
Fig. 7 The effect of the flow rates on the cell performance measured at 700 °C.
Fig. 8 Comparison of I-V-P curves of cell-I with and without sputtering 5 nm thick Pt layer.

Chapter 14

Figure 1: XRD patters of particles obtained by MAHM from: a) condition I, b) condition II (before thermal treatment) and c) condition II (after thermal treatment at 550°C)
Figure 2: FE-SEM images of particles obtained by MAHM from: a) condition I, b) condition II (before thermal treatment) and c) condition II (after thermal treatment at 550°C)
Figure 3: UV–visible absorbance spectra of orthorhombic NaNbO₃: a) NaNbO₃ cubic-like particles and b) NaNbO₃ fiber-like particles.
Figure 4: PL spectra of particles obtained by MAHM from: a) Na₂Nb₂O₆.nH₂O (before thermal treatment), b) NaNbO₃ cubic-like particles and c) NaNbO₃ fiber-like particles (Na₂Nb₂O₆.nH₂O after thermal treatment)
Figure 5: FE-SEM images of NaNbO₃/PVDF composites: a) CbNN-30%; b) CbNN-40%; c) FbNN-30% and d) FbNN-40%
Figure 6: UV–visible absorbance spectra of composites: a) CbNN-30%; b) CbNN-40%; c) FbNN-30% and d) FbNN-40%.
Figure 7: PL spectra of NaNbO₃/PVDF composites: a) CbNN composites and b) FbNN composites.
Figure 8: Comparing PL spectra of composites: a) NaNbO₃/PVDF with 30% of NaNbO₃ and b) NaNbO₃/PVDF with 40% of NaNbO₃

Preface

The 13th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC): Materials, Science, and Technology and Crystalline Materials for Electrical, Optical and Medical Applications symposium were held during the 40th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites in Daytona Beach, FL, January 24–29, 2016. These symposia provided an international forum for scientists, engineers, and technologists to discuss and exchange state-of-the-art ideas, information, and technology on various aspects of solid oxide fuel cells and crystalline materials for electrical, optical, and medical applications. This CESP issue contains 15 papers submitted by authors of these two symposia for inclusion in the meeting proceedings.

The editors wish to extend their gratitude and appreciation to all the authors for their contributions and cooperation, to all the participants and session chairs for their time and efforts, and to all the reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions. Financial support from The American Ceramic Society is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are due to the staff of the meetings and publications departments of The American Ceramic Society for their invaluable assistance.

Advice, help and cooperation of the following members of the international organizing committee at various stages were instrumental in making these symposa a great success.

13th International Symposium on SOCFs: Vincenzo Esposito, Tatsumi Ishihara, Ruey-Yi Lee, Nguyen Minh, Prabhakar Singh, Federico Smeacetto, Jeffry Stevenson, Toshio Suzuki, Sascha Kuhn, Scott Barnett, and Kristen Brosnan
Crystalline Materials: Noboru Ichinose, Didier Chaussende, Edith Bournet, Gisele Maxwell, Qiang Li, Alain Largeteau, Toru Ujihara

We hope that this volume will serve as a valuable reference for the engineers, scientists, researchers and others interested in the materials, science and technology of solid oxide fuel cells and crystalline materials for electronic applications.

Mihails Kusnezoff
Fraunhofer IKTS, Germany

Narottam P. Bansal
NASA Glenn Research Center, USA

Kiyoshi Shimamura
National Institute for Materials Science, Japan

Introduction

This collected proceedings consists of 104 papers that were submitted and approved for the proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC), held January 24–29, 2016 in Daytona Beach, Florida. ICACC is the most prominent international meeting in the area of advanced structural, functional, and nanoscopic ceramics, composites, and other emerging ceramic materials and technologies. This prestigious conference has been organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division (ECD) of The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) since 1977. This year’s meeting continued the tradition and added a few grand celebrations to mark its 40th year.

The 40th ICACC hosted more than 1,100 attendees from 42 countries that gave over 900 presentations. The topics ranged from ceramic nanomaterials to structural reliability of ceramic components, which demonstrated the linkage between materials science developments at the atomic level and macro level structural applications. Papers addressed material, model, and component development and investigated the interrelations between the processing, properties, and microstructure of ceramic materials.

The 2016 conference was organized into the following 17 symposia and 5 Focused Sessions:

Symposium 1	Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites
Symposium 2	Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental, and Functional Applications
Symposium 3	13th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC): Materials, Science, and Technology
Symposium 4	Armor Ceramics: Challenges and New Developments
Symposium 5	Next Generation Bioceramics and Biocomposites
Symposium 6	Advanced Materials and Technologies for Direct Thermal Energy Conversion and Rechargeable Energy Storage
Symposium 7	10th International Symposium on Nanostructured Materials: Functional Nanomaterials and Thin Films for Sustainable Energy Harvesting, Environmental and Health Applications
Symposium 8	10th International Symposium on Advanced Processing & Manufacturing Technologies for Structural & Multifunctional Materials and Systems
Symposium 9	Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications
Symposium 10	Virtual Materials (Computational) Design and Ceramic Genome
Symposium 11	Advanced Materials and Innovative Processing ideas for the Production Root Technology
Symposium 12	Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) and Nano-laminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases)
Symposium 13	Advanced Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Fission and Fusion Energy
Symposium 14	Crystalline Materials for Electrical, Optical and Medical Applications
Focused Session 1	Geopolymers, Chemically Bonded Ceramics, Eco-friendly and Sustainable Materials
Focused Session 2	Advanced Ceramic Materials and Processing for Photonics and Energy
Focused Session 3	Materials Diagnostics and Structural Health Monitoring of Ceramic Components and Systems
Focused Session 4	Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
Focused Session 5	Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena at High Temperatures
Focused Session 6	Hybrid Materials and Processing Technologies
Special Symposium	40th Jubilee Symposium: Engineered Ceramics—Current Status and Future Prospects
Special Symposium	5th Global Young Investigators Forum
Special Symposium	Emerging Technologies Symposium: Carbon Nanostructures and 2D Materials and Composites

The proceedings papers from this conference are published in the below seven issues of the 2016 CESP; Volume 37, Issues 2–7, as listed below.

Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Composites XI, CESP Volume 37, Issue 2 (includes papers from Symposium 1)
Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electronic Ceramics II, CESP Volume 37, Issue 3 (includes papers from Symposia 3 and 14)
Advances in Ceramic Armor, Bioceramics, and Porous Materials, CESP Volume 37, Issue 4 (includes papers from Symposia 4, 5, and 9)
Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Nanostructured and Multifunctional Materials III, CESP Volume 37, Issue 5 (includes papers from Symposia 8 and 11 and Focused Sessions 4 and 5)
Ceramic Materials for Energy Applications VI, CESP Volume 37, Issue 6 (includes papers from Symposia 6 and 13 and Focused Session 2)
Developments in Strategic Materials II, CESP Volume 37, Issue 7 (includes papers from Symposia 2, 10, 12, Focused Sessions 1, and the Special Symposia on Carbon).

The organization of the Daytona Beach meeting and the publication of these proceedings were possible thanks to the professional staff of ACerS and the tireless dedication of many ECD members. We would especially like to express our sincere thanks to the symposia organizers, session chairs, presenters and conference attendees, for their efforts and enthusiastic participation in the vibrant and cutting-edge conference.

ACerS and the ECD invite you to attend the 41st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (http://www.ceramics.org/icacc2017) January 23–28, 2017 in Daytona Beach, Florida.

To purchase additional CESP issues as well as other ceramic publications, visit the ACerS-Wiley Publications home page at www.wiley.com/go/ceramics.

Manabu Fukushima, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan

Andrew Gyekenyesi, Ohio Aerospace Institute/NASA Glenn Research Center, USA

Volume Editors
August 2016

ABSTRACT

Taiwan Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER) has committed to developing the SOFC technology since 2003. Since then, substantial progresses have been made on cell, sealant, stack, reforming catalyst, balance of plant (BOP) components as well as system integration. To date, fabrication processes for both planar anode-supported-cell (ASC) by conventional methods and metal-supported-cell (MSC) by atmospheric plasma spraying have been well established. Numerous stack tests were carried out with consistent and repeatable results. Several thousand hours performance tests were executed to evaluate the reliability and durability of system components. Recently, a compact INER-III SOFC power system has been demonstrated with an electric efficiency higher than 40%.

INTRODUCTION

The merits of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) include high efficiency, module design, insignificant NO_x, SO_x and particulate emissions, reduced CO₂ emissions, fuel flexibility as well as vibration-free operation. Nowadays, the SOFC is considered as an environmentally friendly energy-converting device and an essential bridge from the fossil fuel to the next generation power systems. For the past decade, the INER has imposed critical mass and substantial efforts to develop the core technology of the SOFC technology from powder to power. Elaborative efforts have been made in parallel to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), stack and power system developments.^1–6 Firmed facilities for hardware and software are sequentially set up to move forward the SOFC technology development. A series of MEA and short stack tests have been conducted to evaluate the cell/stack performance for further improvement and to find out the key operational parameters. In 2007, the first home-made MEA with a maximum power density higher than 500 mW/cm² was fabricated. At the end of 2007, the first 1kW stack with InDec cells inside was assembled and tested with success. In November of 2008, through a close international collaboration between INER and HTceramix SA, over 1000-hour performance test of the HTc’s long stack in the INER’s test facility was carried out with an electric output over 1 kW. A prototype of INER’s first 1-kW SOFC power system with natural gas as fuel was illustrated thermally self-sustaining at the last week of 2011. The system was then transferred to the China Steel Cooperation (CSC) for further in-situ testing. A durability test over 15,000 hours for INER’s ASC cell under a constant current density of 400 mA/cm² with a degradation rate of about 1%/khr was fulfilled in 2012. A technology transfer on the fabrication processes of the SOFC MEA was signed to a local fine ceramic company in January of 2014. Through the system integration of hot components of the balance of plant, the second generation of INER-II with a system volume reduction of 55% compared to the first prototype was demonstrated and transferred to the China Petroleum Cooperation in 2013. A further system volume reduction of 20% for a compact INER-III power system with satisfactory electric efficiency was achieved in 2015. In this paper, developments of MEA (ASC and MSC), high temperature seals, stack and system at INER are updated.

Advances in Solid OxideFuel Cells andElectronic Ceramics II

A Collection of Papers Presented at the40th International Conference onAdvanced Ceramics and CompositesJanuary 24–29, 2016Daytona Beach, Florida

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Advances in Solid Oxide
Fuel Cells and
Electronic Ceramics II

A Collection of Papers Presented at the
40th International Conference on
Advanced Ceramics and Composites
January 24–29, 2016
Daytona Beach, Florida