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ISBN: 978-1-119-23600-9
ISSN: 1042-1122

CONTENTS

Preface

Additive Manufacturing Technologies

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF MICRO FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES THROUGH DIAMETER VARIABLE LASER STEREOLITHOGRAPHY AND PRECURSOR SINTERING HEAT TREATMENTS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. REFERENCES
STEREOLITHOGRAPHIC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF SOLID ELECTROLYTE DENDRITES WITH ORDERED POROUS STRUCTURES FOR FUEL CELL MINIATURIZATIONS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. GEOMETRICAL DESIGN
4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6. CONCLUSIONS
7. REFERENCES
Processing of thermoplastic suspensions for Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic-and Metal-Ceramic-Composites by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (T3DP)
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
4. RESULTS
5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCES
MICRO-REACTORS MADE BY LITHOGRAPHY-BASED CERAMIC MANUFACTURING (LCM)
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. BASICS
4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
5. STARTING WITH AN IDEA: ABOUT SIMULATION, PRACTICAL PRODUCTION TO CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON
6. CONCLUSION
7. REFERENCES
FUNCTIONALLY GRADED CERAMIC BASED MATERIALS USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: REVIEW AND PROGRESS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. CURRENT RESEARCH
4. CONCLUSION
5. REFERENCES

Advanced Materials, Technologies, and Devices for Electro-Optical and Biomedical Applications

A NEUTRON DETECTOR BASED ON BORON-10 ENRICHED SCINTILLATING GLASSES
1. ABSTRACT
2. 1. INTRODUCTION
3. 2. ¹⁰B GLASS PREPARATION
4. 3. OPTICAL AND BEAM TESTS OF THE GLASS
5. 4. DETECTOR PERFORMANCE STUDIES
6. 5. CONCLUSIONS
7. REFERENCES
ENGINEERING APPROACH TO IMPROVE THE SOLID STATE LIGHTING CHARACTERISTICS WITH TRANSLUCENT POLY CRYSTALLINE ALUMINA
1. ABSTRACT
2. 1. INTRODUCTION
3. 2. COMMERCIALIZATION
4. 3. ARGUMENTS
5. 4. CONCLUSIONS
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7. REFERENCES
SINGLE CRYSTAL FIBERS OF CLADDED DOPED-YAG FOR HIGH POWER LASER AND AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. AMPLIFIER EXPERIMENTS
6. CONCLUSION
7. REFERENCES
SINGLE CRYSTAL GROWTH OF FERROELECTRIC LaBGeO₅ FOR OPTICAL FREQUENCY CONVERSION DEVICES
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTS
4. RESULTS
5. SUMMARY
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
7. REFERENCES
THE GROWTH OF POTASSIUM TANTALATE NIOBATE (KTa_xNb_1-xO₃) SINGLE CRYSTAL BY VERTICAL BRIDGMAN METHOD
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSION
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7. REFERENCE
GROWTH OF Y₃Al₅O₁₂ SINGLE CRYSTALS VIA EDGE-DEFINED FILM-FED GROWTH TECHNIQUE USING MO CRUCIBLES
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7. REFERENCES

Multifunctional Coatings for Energy and Environmental Applications

NANOPARTICLE PASTE INJECTION INTO GAS-FLAME THERMAL SPRAY FOR SPEEDY CERAMIC COATING
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. REFERENCES
CONTRIBUTION TO ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF A XANTHENE DYE ONTO CU₂O THIN FILM ELECTRODE
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCES
SOLUTION PRECURSOR PLASMA SPRAYED SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACE
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. CONCLUSIONS
5. ACKNOWLEDEGMENTS
6. REFERENCES
IMPROVEMENT OF INTERFACIAL STRENGTH FOR THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS BY FORMATION OF WEDGE-LIKE THERMALLY GROWN OXIDE
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. MATERIALS USED AND SPRAYING SYSTEM
5. PRE-OXIDATION HEAT TREATMENTS AND HIGH TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE TESTS
6. FOUR-POINT BENDING TESTS
7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION SEM OBSERVATION
8. OXIDE GROWTH
9. FOUR POINT BENDING TESTS
10. CONCLUSIONS
11. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
12. REFERENCES
EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL ROLLER COATED BY HARD α-Al₂O₃ FILM USING AEROSOL DEPOSITION PROCESS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCES

Novel, Green, and Strategic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies

STEREOLITHOGRAPHIC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF CERAMICS DENDRITES TO MODULATE ENERGY AND MATERIAL FLOWS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. REFERENCES
NEW LIGHTWEIGHT KILN FURNITURE - PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. USED SHAPING TECHNOLOGIES
4. MANUFACTURING OF NEW KILN FURNITURE
5. CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW KILN FURNITURE
6. SUMMARY
7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
8. REFERENCES
THE ROLE OF CALPHAD APPROACH IN THE SINTERING OF B₄C WITH SIC AS A SINTERING AID BY SPARK PLASMA SINTERING TECHNIQUE
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
4. THERMODYNAMIC MODELING
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6. CONCLUSIONS
7. REFERENCES

Powder Processing Technology for Advanced Ceramics

EFFECTIVE EXFOLIATION OF LAMINATED h–BN PARTICLES BY A NOVEL ROTATING DISK METHOD
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. REFERENCE

Computational Design and Modeling

FEASIBLE AND RELIABLE AB INITIO APPROACH TO COMPUTATION OF MATERIALS RELEVANT FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH
4. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7. REFERENCES

Materials for Extreme Environments

PHASE EVOLUTION PHENOMENON DURING HOT PRESSING OF THE SHS OBTAINED Ti₃AlC₂ PRECURSORS POWDERS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. PREPARATION
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSION
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
7. REFERENCES

Author Index

EULA

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Fig. 1 Graphic models of diamond photonic crystals, with cubic defects indicated by dark areas. Unit cells were hollowed from the lattice structures in order to create double-cavity defects with 1.5 and 2.0 periods in center intervals, as shown in (a) and (b), respectively.
Fig. 2 A Schematic illustration of laser scanning stereolithography of additive manufacturing. Two dimensional layers solidified through laser scanning on photo sensitive resin including with nanoparticles are stacked up to create three dimensional components.
Fig. 3 Precursor of the photonic crystal fabricated by stereolithography: (a) Acryl rods with a coordination number of 4 and (b) homogenized dispersion of alumina nanoparticles.
Fig. 4 Full ceramic component of the photonic crystal processed through the dewaxing and sintering. (a) Alumina microlattices with (b) fine microstructure were formed successfully.
Fig. 5 An alumina lattice with the diamond structure, into which a cubic air defect has been introduced. The edge length of the air cavity is the same size as the lattice constant.
Fig. 6 Transmission spectrum of a structure into which a defect has been introduced. Two peaks representing localized modes of transmission occur in the photonic band gap.
Fig. 7 Simulated spectrum of the structure with the defect. The dashed lines indicate the measured peaks. The frequency range with gray shading indicates the perfect band gap.
Fig. 8 Electric field distributions of localized mode A (a) and mode B (b) simulated by TLM, using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique.
Fig. 9 Sintered alumina lattices with double-defect cavities. The unit cells were hollowed from the diamond structure. The cubic cavities were separated by one period of the lattice.
Fig. 10 Intensity profiles of electric fields in the defect cavities. The localized modes were formed in the cavities arranged with 1.5 (a) and 2.0 (b) periods in center intervals.
Fig. 11 Transmission amplitude of the terahertz waves through the photonic crystal with defect cavities. The transmission peaks, indicated the solid triangles, were formed thorough localization into the double cavities separated by the 1.5 and 2.0 period, as shown in (a) and (b), respectively.

Chapter 2

Fig. 1 Computer graphics of lattice distributions of dendrite structures with coordination number four. Air gap volume fractions are changed with aspect ratios.
Fig. 2 Optimization of the aspect ratio to obtain the widest specific surface and higher air gap volume. The aspect ratio was decided as 1.16 for designing.
Fig. 3 A schematic illustration of micro patterning stereolithography. Fine images are exposed by using a digital micro mirror device on a photo sensitive resin.
Fig. 4 Acryl dendrite lattice with YSZ particles fabricated by using the micro stereolithography.
Fig. 5 The YSZ nanoparticles dispersed in the acryl micro lattice. The volume fraction is 30 %.
Fig. 6 The microstructure of YSZ dendrite lattice. The average grain size was measured as 4 μm.
Fig. 7 The sintered dendrite lattices of YSZ solid electrolyte. The lattice part accuracy is 2 μm.
Fig. 8 A distribution of fluid flow velocities in the dendrite lattice structure simulated and visualized by FVM. The curved lines show the fluid flow paths according to the velocity vectors.
Fig. 9 The distribution of the surface pressure on the ceramics dendrite lattices. The red and blue areas show the higher and lower gas pressures on the reaction interfaces, respectively.

Chapter 3

Figure 1. Schema for AM of multi-material components and combination of different dis-pensing technologies for suspensions.
Figure 2. Heatable dispensing units with xyz positioning as laboratory equipment (schema).
Fiaure 3 Binder content vs temperature for debindina under oxidizina atmosphere.
Figure 4. Binder content vs temperature for debindina under inert atmosphere.
Fiaure 5 Binder content vs temperature for debindina under reducina atmosphere (Ar:H₂=l':9).
Figure 6 Binder content vs. temperature for debinding under reducing atmosphere (ArH₂=4:l).
Figure 7 Dynamic viscosity vs shear rate for two Al₂0₃ suspensions at different temperatures
Fiaure 8 Shear stress vs shear rate for two Al₂O₃ suspensions at different temperatures
Figure 9. Single droplets after deposition with heatable micro dispensing system.
Figure 10. Cross-section of co-sintered steel-zirconia-composite made by T3DP.

Chapter 4

Figure 1. Schematic view of stereo-lithography from CAD/ STL to component¹.
Figure 2. DLP-principle (A) and exposure in process (B)¹.
Figure 3 Scheme of the innovative overhead building process (source Lithoz).
Figure 4. A: Static mixer for two fluids;B: Honeycomb with four channels as static mixer; C: honeycombs with 16 channels, D: honeycombs with 16 channels plus wall openings and spoilers
Figure 5. Scheme of initial point used for simulation of third structure, boundary condition for both fluids-u_in= 1 m/s D_scalar = 10^-5 m²/s and fluid = air at RT.
Figure 6. Mixing quality after A: 5 and B: 20 cm for structure with 4 channels.
Figure 7. Flux velocity after A: 5 and B: 20 cm for a structure with 4 channels.
Figure 8 Simulation of mixing quality for honeycombs with 4 (A) and 16 (B) channels plus openings and spoilers(C) after a lenath of 5 cm
Figure 9. CT-image of real LCM-manufactured component of type three (according to Figure 4D).
Figure 10. Design of a static mixer with channels including alternating cross sections and wall openings for interconnection.
Figure 11. Geometry model and unit cell of the first increment of the described static mixer.
Figure 12. Results of CFD-simulation for mixing two fluids with the same properties: pres-sure (A) component concentration (B) and velocity (C)
Figure 13 CFD of influx chamber (A) and optimization bv integrated functionalitv (B)
Figure 14. Influx distribution chamber (A) and components with integrated functionality (B).
Figure 15 LCM manufactured and sintered static mixer including alternating cross sections and optimized uncompleted inlet chambers.
Figure 16 Static mixer structure manufactured with tape casting technology (25 × 40 × 15 mm³).
Figures 17. Sliced CAD-model (A) additive manufactured, sintered alumina of honecomb structure (B) with feeding system as static mixer for two different fluids.
Figure 18. Three-dimensional enhancement of innovative static mixer design with changing cross sections inside the channels, presented as sliced CAD-model (A) and additive manufactured alumina part (B).

Chapter 5

Fig. 1 Basic types of FGM
Fig. 2 Fused modeling deposition (FDM) process
Fig. 3 FGMs produced by material extrusion AM [47]
Fig. 4 Laser powder bed fusion AM process
Fig. 5 FGMs fabricated via selective laser sintering [54]
Fig. 6 Polyjet material jetting system
Fig. 7 Binder jetting AM process [41]
Fig. 8 interface of Porcelain/Al₂O₃ FGM

Chapter 6

Figure 1. A. The transmission spectra of the scintillating glass samples measured with UV/Vis/NIR B. Photoluminescence emission spectra obtained from excitation at 340 nm. Side A and B corresponds to two sides of the glass slab.
Figure 2. 3D printed, light-tight sample holders for beam tests (LEFT). The Fermilab test beam setup (RIGHT, MIDDLE).
Figure 3. The scope view of the beam signal in our scintillating glasses (LEFT). The time slice output of the collected signal from the PMT (RIGHT). The ringing in the signal is possibly due to a connector issue.
Figure 4: The ADC output of the collected signal from PMT.
Figure 5. The Geant4 model for a sampling neutron detector with 15 layers.
Figure 6. The glass (dashed, black line) and thermalizer (red, solid line) thickness optimization results show that the captured neutron number converges to peak values at 5 mm thicknesses.
Figure 7. Geant4 simulations on our prototype detector show that the number of neutrons captured increases drastically as the neutrons are slowed down.
Figure 8. Geant4 simulations on our model yields the alpha particle energy peaks at 1480 keV and 1780 keV.
Figure 9. The gamma particle energy distribution of our simulations peaks at 480 keV as expected.

Chapter 7

Photo 1 TL-PCA tubes for HPS and Metal Halide lamps
Photo 2 “INTRODUCTION TO CERAMICS” [ref. 2]
Fig. 1 NGK TL-PCA nominal properties and G-30 microstructure
Fig. 2 Assembling structures for TL-PCA component. Straight tubes are procuded by an extrusion method. The design variation is for demonstration purpose only.
Fig. 3 TL-PCA components forming by Dry-Bag-Isostatic-Pressing
Fig. 4 Blow forming principle
Fig. 5 Slip cast forming principle
Fig. 6 Gel cast forming principle
Fig. 7 Assemble individual parts to unify
Fig. 8 n value verification [ref. 3] There was obtained no grainsize dependence of the averaged refractive index difference Δn_avg, which was found to be Δn_avg 0.0015 for all the TL-PCA samples, smaller than a value of Δ n_avg = 0.0053 wen grains were oriented at random.
Fig. 9 Microstructure observation and Δn measurement results.[ref. 3] When an incident light advances Grain B-C-D-F-E, the light experiences Δn at each boundary. We considered as many other optical paths as possible. Eventually, the averaged measured value Δn_avg is found to be 0.00147.
Fig. 10 Grain growth and C-axis orientation observation results [ref. 3]
Fig. 11 Inline-Transmission result (experiment) of NGK TL-PCA and simulated curves based on Rayleigh-Gans-Debye model with various Δn [ref.3].
Fig. 12 Schematic diagram for fabricating textured ceramics by slip casting in a strong magnetic field [ref. 5]
Fig. 13 EBSD map showing textured alumina by the slip casting in a strong magnetic field followed by sintering [ref. 5]
Fig. 14 Example of possible associations of TL-PCA and LED

Chapter 8

Figure 1. LHPG method.
Figure 2. Impact of Diameter Control Feedback System.
Figure 3. Patent pending Draw Coating apparatus for thin fibers.
Figure 4. Line scan of Nd Concentration in Nd:YAG Single-Crystal Fiber (wt % vs. position). (a) distribution of neodymium atoms in a YAG fiber 100 mm long and 550 μm in diameter, core is 113 μm (b) distribution of Nd after the third regrowth. The diameter of the Nd-doped core shrunk to about 1/7 of diameter of fiber.
Figure 5. (a) XRD Measurements of Sol-Gel YAG Cladding Indicate Single-Phase Cubic-Face YAG Yb:YAG.(b) Yb:YAG fiber 130 μm in Diameter Cladded with 3 Sol-Gel Coatings of Polycrystalline YAG.
Figure 6. Undoped YAG cladding around a doped YAG core.
Figure 7. Nd:YAG Single-Crystal Fiber optical damage experiment.

Chapter 9

Figure 1. A schematic drawing of the experimental setup for THG.
Figure 2. A linear relationship between the degree of supercooling ΔT and the cooling rate dT/dt of the LBGO melt (see the text)
Figure 3. (a) typical as-grown LBGO single crystals, and (b) the (001) cross-section of the crystal.
Figure 4. Ferroelectric domain structures of (a) as-grown and (b) poled wafers.
Figure 5. The optical transmittance of (001) c-plate.
Figure 6. An X-ray co-scanned rocking-curve of {003} reflection. The inset shows an optical conoscope figure.
Figure 7. The temperature dependence of dielectric constant at different frequency
Fiure.8. Characteristics of 355nm generation and the conversion efficiency vs.

Chapter 10

Fig. 1 The Pt crucible used in the present VB crystal growth.
Fig. 2 Photograph of a KTN crystal grown using a [001] KTaO₃ seed and K-rich raw materials with the ratio of Ta to Nb = 65:35.
Fig. 3 XRD patterns for positions (i), (ii) and above the position (iii), labeled in Fig. 2, in a grown KTN crystal.
Fig. 4 (a) A photograph of the KTN wafer cut vertically along the growth direction, (b) a photograph of the wafer viewed between crossed polarizers, (c) an X-ray topographic image of the wafer portion shown in a dotted rectangle in Fig. 4 (a).
Fig. 5 Composition profiles of Ta and Nb in the KTN wafer shown in Fig. 4 (a) analyzed by EPMA. Open squares and open triangles represent compositions of Ta and Nb analyzed by ICP, respectively.
Fig. 6 Composition change of Ta and Nb in the KTN crystal in the present study. Data were plotted on the reported binary phase diagram of KTaO₃-KNbO₃².

Chapter 11

Figure 1. Equipment and Simulation. (a) is Resistance-heating crystal-growth equipment. (b) is Simulated apparatus using PHOENIX analysis software.
Figure2. Elemental analysis on the crystal and seed, heater using EDX. (a) is tail of crystal,(b) is middle, (c) is top, (d) is aluminum carbide at the seed, (e) is yttrium carbide at the heater.
Figure 3. UV transmission spectrum of YAG crystals grown by CZ technique using Ir crucible, compared to grown by EFG technique using a Mo crucible. The crystals was annealed in air at temperatures of 1300 °C or above.
Figure 4. UV transmission spectra of YAG crystals grown using a Mo crucible. Transmittance curve (A) was achieved by a reduction of carbon evaporation, while curve (B) shows decreased transmission because of carbon evaporation.
Figure 5. Ce:YAG single crystals grown by the EFG technique using Mo crucibles.
Figure 6. Segregation coefficient of Ce:YAG by EFG method for various pull-up rates. The k of crystals grown at a temperature gradient of 39°C/cm is greater than that at 18°C/cm.
Figure 7. Ce concentration gradient in Ce:YAG grown via EFG and CZ methods. Ce concentration in the central part (B) of crystal is smaller than whole(A).
Figure 8. Optical photomicrographs of crystal defects in Ce:YAG crystals. (a) is Etch pits by etching with phosphoric acid. (b) is Bubbles made on the crystal surface.
Figure 9. Photoluminescence of Ce:YAG crystals grown using Ir and Mo crucibles. Curve (A) is for as-grown crystals from an Ir crucible, (B) is for as-grown crystals from a Mo crucible, (C) is annealed crystal of (B).

Chapter 12

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of solid rod feeding process in Rokide flame gun system. Nanometer-sized ceramic particles dispersed in resin matrix with large volume fraction can be introduced into high temperature flame coaxially to realize a high deposition rate.
Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of a planetary mixing machine. Revolution and rotation movements of the packed container realize degassing and particle dispersions, respectively.
Fig. 3 Schematic illustration of a viscosity and viscoelasticity measuring. Shear stresses are loaded from the rotating upper disk on the lower one and are measured with a torque meter.
Fig. 4 Schematic illustration of a slurry mist supplying. The thixotropic slurry including nanoparticles was injected into a gas flow chamber perpendicularly to spatter microdroplets.
Fig. 5 Relationship between the shear velocity and stress of alumina nanoparticles dispersed in acrylic resins at mixing times of (a) 300 s and (b) 900 s.
Fig. 6 Thixotropic rheological profiles of non-Newtonian nanoparticle-dispersed resins as mixed (a) and after shear stress introduction (b).
Fig. 7 Micromist spraying patterns formed by blowing the thixotropic resin slurry containing alumina nanoparticles.
Fig. 8 Cross-sectional microstructure of the alumina-coated layer formed on a stainless steel substrate by nanoparticle thermal spraying. The relative density of a coated layer estimated by a terahertz time domain spectroscopic device was lower than the sintered alumina bulk.

Chapter 13

Figure 1. SEM images of Cu₂O obtained at 60°C (a), 40°C (b), and 20°C (c) at 3000x magnification.
Figure 2. XRD patterns of Cu₂O prepared at 60°C, 20°C, and 40°C.
Figure 3. (A) Fourier transform infrared transmission spectra for Cu₂O prepared at (a) 60°C, (c) 20°C, and (b) 40°C nanocrystals showing the main Cu₂O vibrational mode at 620 cm^-1. (B) EDS spectrum related to the deposit of the pure Cu₂O (prepared at 60°C).
Figure 4. Effect of temperature growth (°C) of Cu₂O thin films used as electrode on degree of RhB degradation.
Figure 5. Effect of NaCl concentrations on degree of RhB degradation
Figure 6. Effect initial RhB concentrations on degree of RhB degradation
Figure 7. Pseudo-first-order kinetics model of RhB degradation by Cu₂O thin film electrode

Chapter 14

Figure 1: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of an aspen leaf shows the hierarchical surface structure consisting of micro-scale clusters and nano features.
Figure 2: Scanning electron microscope images of the top surface showing micro-scale clusters (a) and the fine nanoscale particles on the clusters (b).
Figure 3: Scanning electron microscope images of the cross-section.
Figure 4: X-ray diffraction pattern of the plasma sprayed coating compared with the Yb₂O₃ reference (PDF card No.: 01-075-6635)
Figure 5: Water droplets on the coated surface. The droplet size is 2.5 mm.
Figure 6: The dynamic impact of water droplets on the coated surface. Scale bar: 2 mm. Top: single droplet. Bottom: droplets coalescence.

Chapter 15

Figure 1. A schematic of heat treatments.
Figure 2. Schematic illustration of four-point bending test
Figure 3. Cross-sectional SEM images of as-sprayed TBCs.
Figure 4. Cross-sectional SEM images of pre-oxidation heat treated TBCs at 1100°C for 20hours.
Figure 5. Cross-sectional SEM images of high temperature exposed TBCs at 1000°C for 1000hours.
Figure 6. Results of TGO thickness measurements.
Figure 7. Effects of spray conditions on formation of the wedge-like TGO.
Figure 8. Results of four point bending tests for the TBCs without pre-oxidation heat treatments
Figure 9. Results of four point bending tests for the TBCs with pre-oxidation heat treatments
Figure 10. Relationship between interface strength and thickness of the wedge-like TGO.

Chapter 16

Fig. 1 Schematic drawing of aerosol deposition machine used in this study
Fig.2 Typical appearance of industrial roller with Al₂O₃ film
Fig. 4 Relationship between wear depth and wear test time
Fig. 5 Neutral salt spray test result of Al₂O₃ film and Cr plating film
Fig. 6 Schematic drawing of friction coefficient measurement and photo of measurement

Chapter 17

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of 3D stereolithographic printer using photosensitive resin pastes with ceramic nanoparticle dispersions. Composite precursors were created by laminating 2D cross sections exposed by a digital micromirror device (DMD).
Fig. 2 An alumina model of the photonic crystal with a diamond structure fabricated using the micro stereolithographic additive manufacturing and nanoparticles sintering.
Fig. 3 Twinned photonic crystals composed of the sintered alumina lattices. The defect interfaces were formed between the diamond lattice domains parallel to the (100).
Fig. 4 Intensity profiles of electric fields in the twinned photonic crystal. The strong localized modes were formed in the defect interfaces through multiple reflections between the (100) plane.
Fig. 5 An acryl dendrite lattice of four coordination numbers including with YSZ particles dispersion fabricated by using the stereolithographic additive manufacturing.
Fig. 6 An YSZ dendrite lattice of solid electrolyte with a ordered porous structure. The precursor model was dewaxed and sintered with 2 μm in dimensional accuracy.
Fig. 7 A distribution of fluid flow velocities in the dendrite lattice structure simulated by FVM. The curved lines show the fluid flow paths according to the velocity vectors.
Fig. 8 An acryl lattice including with β-TCP particles formed by using the laser scanning stereolithography of additive manufacturing process.
Fig. 9 An artificial bone with a β-TCP biological scaffold obtained through the dewaxing and sintering from the composite precursor.
Fig. 10 Fluid flow behaviors of stream lines in the dendrite scaffolds with four coordination numbers simulated and visualized using the finite element method.

Chapter 18

Figure 1: schema of first steps to shape the honeycomb structure from green tapes -partial lamination, stacking, and punching
Figure 2: laminating of top and bottom layer on stretched honeycomb structure, schema
Figure 3: honeycomb made from green tapes as supporting structure laminated on planar multilayer as bottom layer of the kiln furniture
Figure 4: scheme for kiln furniture with tapes as top and bottom layer and vertical pipes as supporting structure in between
Figure 5: scheme for kiln furniture with multilayers as top layer (1) and bottom layer (4), horizontal pipes as supporting structure in between (2), and joining suspension (3)
Figure 6: alumina green tape after drying
Figure 7: extruded alumina pipe (10 mm outer and 7 mm inner diameter)
Figure 8: green component made by the combination of planar multilayer and vertical green tapes formed to honeycombs according toFigures l - 2
Figure 9: green component made by the combination of planar multilayer and vertical extrudates
Figure 10: sintered kiln furniture with vertical pipes as supporting structure, as fired
Figure 11: sintered kiln furniture with lying pipes as supporting structure, as fired
Figure 12: sintered kiln furniture with honeycombs as supporting structure, as fired
Figure 13: sintered kiln furniture with vertical pipes as supporting structure, grinded
Figure 14: test setup to evaluate the possible energy saving, dense alumina plates
Figure 15: test setup to evaluate the possible energy saving, new kiln furniture
Figure 16: Temperature distribution within the kiln for dense and new kiln furniture
Figure 17: Energy consumption for dense and new kiln furniture

Chapter 19

Figure 1. SPS parameters changing for sample B. a) Ram Displacement, b) Pressure, c) Temperature all vs. time.
Figure 2. Fracture surface of samples A (left) and B (right)
Figure 3. Isothermal B-C-Si phase diagrams at 2230, 2240, 2250 and 2260°C. The position of sample B is indicated by •.
Figure 4. B₄C-SiC Pseudo binary phase diagram in 1 atm.

Chapter 20

Figure 1. A diagram of wet-rotating disk milling system.
Figure 2. Sedimented cake height ratio (left) and median size (right) of the exfoliated h-BN particles as a function of the rotation speed.
Figure 3. Sedimented cake height ratios (left) and median sizes (right) of h-BN particles as a function of the flow rate.
Figure 4. Sedimented cake height ratios of h-BN particles by changing the disk clearance as a function of rotation speed.
Figure 5. SEM images of slip-casted compacts observed from side direction.(a) raw h-BN, (b) h-BN exfoliated by rotating speed of 9000 rpm or (c) 12000 rpm, 10 mL/sec of the flow rate, 15 mm of the disk clearance, 0.5 vol.% of the solid loading, and 5 passes of the flow.
Figure 6. Correlation between the sedimented cake height ratio and the 50% cumulative percent, 10 mL/sec of the flow rate, 20 mm of the disk clearance, 0.5 vol.% of the solid loading, and 10 passes of the flow.

Chapter 21

Figure 1. Left: The mean absolute error of the computed enthalpies of reactions involving actinide-fluorites (AnF₆, AnF_4, AnF₃ and AnF₂); Right: The average Hubbard U parameter value, derived for different actinide oxides, fluorites and chlorites, as a function of the oxidation state of the An cation.
Figure 2. Left: Ln-O bond length predicted by DFT (PBE) [32], DFT+U with the Hubbard U parameter derived using the linear response method of [7] and measured experimentally. Right: the Hubbard U parameter computed with cLDA and cRPA methods for Ln₂O₃.
Figure 3. Heat capacities of LaPO₄ and EuPO₄ monazites. The lines represent the calculations using quasiharmonic approximation (solid), contribution from the lattice vibrations only (dashed) and results corrected for anharmonic effects (dotted). Points represent the experimental data. All the data are taken from [10] and references cited in that paper. The insert shows the low temperature difference between heat capacities of EuPO₄ and LaPO₄.
Figure 4. The miscibility gap predicted for La_1-xEu_xPO₄ solid solution.
Figure 5. The force field [38,39] and ab initio prediction of the cation antisite (CA) and anion Frenkel pair (AFP) defect formation energies (DFEs) in Ln₂Zr₂O₇ pyrochlores.
Figure 6. The configurations of water dissociated on mono-vacancy (left) and double-vacancy (right) defects on the graphite surface.

Chapter 22

Figure 1. XRD pattern of the Ti₃AlC₂ powders obtained by SHS reaction 4
Figure 2. XRD pattern of the sample obtained as a result of hot-pressing of powder after the SHS synthesis of 1.1 TiAl + 2Ti + 2C at 1300°C.

Preface

The global challenges we face require innovative thinking and sustainable technology to meet increased demands for energy, clean water, and infrastructure. Research in materials, specifically ceramic materials, continues to provide solutions to everyday challenges such as environmental protection, energy supply and generation, and healthcare. The 11th International Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Components for Energy and Environmental Applications (11th CMCEE), held June 14-19, 2015 at the Hyatt Regency Vancouver in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, identified key challenges and opportunities for ceramic technologies to create sustainable materials.

This Ceramic Transactions volume contains papers submitted from the following seven symposia held in Track 4: Cross-Cutting Materials Technologies in Advanced Ceramics:

Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Advanced Materials, Technologies, and Devices for Electro-optical and Biomedical Applications
Multifunctional Coatings for Energy and Environmental Applications
Novel, Green, and Strategic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies
Powder Processing Technology for Advanced Ceramics
Computational Design and Modeling
Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultra-high Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) and Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases)

After a peer-review process, 22 papers were accepted for inclusion in this proceedings volume. The editors wish to extend their gratitude and appreciation to all the symposium co-organizers for their help and support, to all the authors for their cooperation and contributions, to all the participants and session chairs for their time and efforts, and to all the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. We also acknowledge the organization and leadership provided by the meeting chairs, Mrityunjay Singh, Tatsuki Ohji, and Alexander Michaelis.

We hope these proceedings will serve as a useful resource for researchers and engineers working in the field of environmental science and technology.

KIYOSHI SHIMAMURA, NIMS, Japan
SOSHUKIRIHARA, Osaka University, Japan
JUNAKEDO, AIST, Japan
TATSUKI OHJI, AIST, Japan
MAKIO NAITO, Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Japan

Additive Manufacturing and
Strategic Technologies in
Advanced Ceramics

Ceramic Transactions, Volume 258

A Collection of Papers Presented
at CMCEE-11,
June 14–19, 2015,
Vancouver, BC, Canada

Preface

Additive Manufacturing Technologies