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IEEE Press
445 Hoes Lane
Piscataway, NJ 08854

IEEE Press Editorial Board
Tariq Samad, Editor in Chief

George W. Arnold	Xiaoou Li	Ray Perez
Giancarlo Fortino	Vladimir Lumelsky	Linda Shafer
Dmitry Goldgof	Pui-In Mak	Zidong Wang
Ekram Hossain	Jeffrey Nanzer	MengChu Zhou

Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Book and Information Services (BIS)

IEEE Press

445 Hoes Lane

Piscataway, NJ 08854

IEEE Press Editorial Board

Tariq Samad, Editor in Chief

George W. Arnold

Xiaoou Li

Ray Perez

Giancarlo Fortino

Vladimir Lumelsky

Linda Shafer

Dmitry Goldgof

Pui-In Mak

Zidong Wang

Ekram Hossain

Jeffrey Nanzer

MengChu Zhou

Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Book and Information Services (BIS)

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reserved.
Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

ISBN: 978-1-119-02946-5

CONTENTS

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

1: Textile Antennas for Body Area Networks: Design Strategies and Evaluation Methods

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Textile Materials and Antenna Fabrication Procedure
1.3 Design Strategies and Evaluation Methods
1.4 Conclusion
References

2: Metamaterial-Enabled and Microwave Circuit Integrated Wearable Antennas for Off-Body Communications

2.1 Introduction
2.2 A Metasurface-Enabled Compact Wearable Antenna
2.3 Microwave Circuit Integrated Wearable Filtering Antennas
2.4 Investigation of Performance for Wearable Applications
2.5 Conclusion
References

3: AMC-Backed Flexible Near-Endfire Wearable Antennas for On-Body Communications

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Amc-Backed Near-Endfire Antenna for On-Body Communications
3.3 Fabricating the Antenna Configurations on Flexible Latex Substrate
3.4 Investigation of Antenna Performances in Free Space
3.5 Investigation of Antenna Performances on Voxel Model
3.6 Antenna Performance Under Bending Deformation
3.7 Measurement Results
3.8 Conclusion
References

4: Novel Antenna Designs And Characterization Methodologies For Medical Diagnostics And Sensing

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Ingestible Antenna Design at WMTS Band: Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Diagnostics
4.3 Ingestible Antenna Design at ISM Band: Medical Compliance Sensing
4.4 On-Body Antenna at UHF Band: Rfid Tag for Patient Monitoring
4.5 Future Outlook
4.6 Conclusion
References

5: Basic Performance Characteristics of Wearable Antennas Over a Wide Frequency Range

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Frequency Dependence of Communication Channels Between Wearable Antennas Mounted on the Human Body
5.3 Influences of Surrounding Environment and Body Movement
5.4 Practical Applications
5.5 Conclusion
References

6: Implanted Antennas and RF Transmission in Through-Body Communications

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Antennas for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy
6.3 Antennas in Wireless Implantable Neuroprobe Microsystem for Motor Prosthesis
6.4 Conclusion
References

7: Antennas, Phantoms, And Body-Centric Propagation At Millimeter-Waves

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Human Body Modeling And Exposure Guidelines
7.3 Antennas For Off-Body Communications At Millimeter-Waves
7.4 Antenna And Propagation For On-Body Propagation
7.5 Conclusion
References

8: Wearable Active Antenna Modules for Energy-Efficient Reliable Off-Body Communication Systems

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Diversity and MIMO Techniques for Off-Body Wireless Channels
8.3 Active Wearable Antennas: Efficient Design and Implementation
8.4 Body-Centric MIMO Channels
8.5 Applications
8.6 Conclusions
References

9: More Than Wearable: Epidermal Antennas for Tracking and Sensing

9.1 Introduction
9.2 RFID Technology
9.3 Radiation Performance of Epidermal Antennas
9.4 Performance of Epidermal RFID Dual-loop tag
9.5 Special (Functionalized) Epidermal Membranes
9.6 Sensing Applications
9.7 Conclusion
References

10: Inkjet-Printed Smart Skins and Wirelessly-Powered Sensors for Wearable Applications

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Multilayer Inkjet Printing—Conductors and Dielectrics
10.3 Multilayer Inkjet Printing—Antenna Examples
10.4 Inkjet-Printed Sensors
10.5 Conductive Polymer-Based Sensors
10.6 Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Sensors
10.7 Inkjet-Printed Microfluidics
10.8 Wireless Energy Harvesting for Wearables
10.9 Microwave Receiver Design
10.10 Circuit Fabrication with Inkjet-Printed Masking
10.11 Input Power Estimation and RF-DC Conversion Circuit Design
10.12 RF-DC Conversion Efficiency Measurement and Prototype Operation Tests
10.13 Conclusion
References

11: Circuits and Systems for Wireless Body Area Network

11.1 Introduction
11.2 MBAN System Concept
11.3 Energy-Efficient MBAN HUB Design
11.4 Compact Sensor Node Designs
11.5 System Implementation
11.6 Conclusion
References

12: Ultra Low-Power MEMS-Based Radios for WBAN

12.1 Introduction to Body Area Networks
12.2 WBAN Requirements
12.3 Limitations of Conventional Radios for WBAN Systems
12.4 Comparison Metrics for ULP Radios
12.5 MEMS Resonators—A Solution to Bulky Crystals
12.6 FBAR-Based Radios
12.7 FBAR-Based TX Architecture
12.8 Transmitter Measurement Results
12.9 Summary of the FBAR-Based TX
12.10 Receiver Architecture
12.11 Summary of the FBAR-Based RX
12.12 Conclusion
References

13: Exploring Physiological Features From on-Body Radio Channels

13.1 Introduction
13.2 Physiological Information Parameters
13.3 Methods for Non-Invasive Physiological Detection
13.4 Discussion and Conclusion
References

14: Power/Data Telemetry Techniques for Implants or Wearable Systems

14.1 Introduction
14.2 Powering of Implants and Wearable Systems
14.3 Data Communication to Implants and Wearable Systems
14.4 Discussion
14.5 Design Examples
14.6 Conclusion
References

Index

EULA

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1
Table 1.2
Table 1.3

Chapter 3

Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3

Chapter 4

Table 4.1
Table 4.2

Chapter 5

Table 5.1
Table 5.2

Chapter 6

Table 6.1
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Table 6.2
Table 6.3
Table 6.4
Table 6.4
Table 6.5
Table 6.5
Table 6.6
Table 6.6
Table 6.7
Table 6.8
Table 6.9
Table 6.10

Chapter 7

Table 7.1
Table 7.2
Table 7.3
Table 7.4
Table 7.5
Table 7.6
Table 7.7

Chapter 8

Table 8.1
Table 8.2
Table 8.3
Table 8.4

Chapter 9

Table 9.1
Table 9.2
Table 9.3
Table 9.4

Chapter 12

Table 12.1
Table 12.2
Table 12.3

Chapter 13

Table 13.1

Chapter 14

Table 14.1
Table 14.2

ELECTROMAGNETICS OF BODY-AREA NETWORKS

Antennas, Propagation, and RF Systems