Contents

Cover

Series Page

Title Page

Dedication

Preface

Chapter 1: The Basics

1.1 General Introduction and Historical Perspective
1.2 The Basics of Membrane Separation
1.3 Membrane Separation Processes
1.4 The Morphology of Membranes
1.5 Membrane Modules
1.6 Fouling and Cleaning
1.7 Ceramic versus Polymer Membranes
1.8 Raw Materials for Ceramic Membranes
1.9 Preparation of Ceramic Membranes
1.10 Intermediate and Top Layers
1.11 Industrial Applications of Ceramic Membranes
1.12 Further Reading
Exercises
References

Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Membrane Separation

2.1 A Short Introduction to Mass Transfer Phenomena
2.2 Fick's Law
2.3 The Mass Diffusivity DAB
2.4 Integral and Differential Expressions of Mass Balance Equation
2.5 Convective Mass Transfer
2.6 Fluxes of Liquids through Porous Membranes
2.7 Fluxes of Gases through Porous Membranes
2.8 Fluxes through Non-porous Membranes
Exercises
References

Chapter 3: Characterization of Ceramic Membranes

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Pore Size and Pore Size Distribution
3.3 Visualization of Membrane Surfaces
3.4 Chemical Methods for Membrane Characterization
3.5 Physical Parameters of Ceramic Membranes
3.6 Conclusions
Exercises
References

Chapter 4: Applications

4.1 Classical Applications of Ceramic Membranes
4.2 Gas Separation with Ceramic Membranes
4.3 Ceramic Membrane Reactors
4.4 Liquid Separation and Purification
4.5 Cleaning of Wastewater with Ceramic Membranes
4.6 Ceramic Membranes in Food Applications
Exercises
References

Chapter 5: Economics

5.1 Introduction
5.2 A Layman Scientist's Guide to Project Appraisal: SWOT, PEST and LCA
5.3 Economic Considerations in the Manufacturing and Application of Ceramic Membranes
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Outlook
Exercises
References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

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Preface

This textbook tells the story of ceramic membranes. Ceramics are making a comeback as hi-tech materials, and the membranes are used in many processes, from uranium purification to orange juice finishing. Moreover, they can help us address urgent environmental issues air pollution and shortage of clean drinking water. It is definitely the time to study them.

The book is divided into five thematic chapters. Chapter 1 gives a general introduction to the membrane field and then covers the making of ceramic membranes. The physics of flow models and mass transfer through membranes are discussed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 deals with membrane characterization, from the most common methods to the state-of-the-art. We then move to applications in Chapter 4, containing a range of industrial sectors, including chemicals, food and beverages and fuel cells. Finally, Chapter 5 looks at ceramic membranes from a different viewpoint: We examine the economics of membrane manufacturing and predict, on the basis of case studies, the future market for ceramic membrane technologies.

We wrote this book for both researchers and students. Thus, each chapter includes detailed references, as well as exercises. To help you master the membrane jargon, key terms are printed in italics and defined the first time they appear in the text. The book contains over 1000 references, whereof >90% are original papers in peer-reviewed journals. We cite reviews when introducing a subject, and articles when discussing specific topics (plus some patents in the industrial examples). Chapter 1 also contains a “Further Reading” list of books on related specialized subjects.

We thank our families for their patience and support during the past 3 years, and our colleagues Vittorio Boffa, Hessel Castricum, David Dubbeldam, Andre ten Elshof, Giovanni Catania, David Farrusseng, Slava Freger, Freek Kapteijn, Chiho Kojima, Erik Kossin, Daniel Sereth Larsen, Marc Pera-Titus, Ehsan Salehi, Jesus Santamaría, Lev Tsapovski, Ning Yan and Gennady Ziskind for their help and advice. V.G. thanks Rabbi Daniel Lewenstein for his support and encouragement. We also thank Itamar Daube for drawing the cover picture and Wiley-VCH editors Waltraud Wüst and Gudrun Walter for their encouraging and professional attitude.

January 2016
Vitaly Gitis	Beer-Sheva, Israel
Gadi Rothenberg	Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Also published by one of the Authors:

Ceramic Membranes

New Opportunities and Practical Applications

Dedication

Preface