Contents

Cover

Series

Title Page

Copyright

Notes on Contributors

Chapter 1: Rethinking Care in a Development Context: An Introduction

INTRODUCTION

ABOUT THIS VOLUME

FAMILIES AND THE PROVISION OF UNPAID CARE

CARE AS PUBLIC POLICY

THE POLITICS OF CARE

Chapter 2: The Good, the Bad and the Confusing: The Political Economy of Social Care Expansion in South Korea

INTRODUCTION

CONTEXT: THE CHANGING SOCIAL POLICY REGIME IN KOREA

RE-ARTICULATION OF LABOUR MARKET AND SOCIAL POLICIES

EVIDENCE: RECENT REFORMS

CONCLUSION

Chapter 3: South Africa: A Legacy of Family Disruption

INTRODUCTION

LIVING ARRANGEMENTS, MARITAL PATTERNS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR CARE

HIV AND AIDS AND ITS CARE IMPLICATIONS

PARTICIPATION IN THE LABOUR MARKET AS A SOURCE OF SECURITY

POLICY AND PROGRAMME INTERVENTIONS

CONCLUSION

Chapter 4: Harsh Choices: Chinese Women's Paid Work and Unpaid Care Responsibilities under Economic Reform

INTRODUCTION

ECONOMIC REFORM AND WOMEN'S WORK

THE CARE ECONOMY UNDER STRAIN

THE TENSION IN WOMEN'S DUAL ROLE AS CARE GIVER AND INCOME EARNER

CONCLUDING REMARKS

REFERENCES

Chapter 5: A Widening Gap? The Political and Social Organization of Childcare in Argentina

INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN ARGENTINA

THE POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF CHILDCARE IN A NEW CONTEXT

CHILDCARE AS WOMEN WORKERS’ RIGHTS

CHILDCARE AS A CHILD'S RIGHT

CONCLUDING REMARKS

REFERENCES

Chapter 6: Who Cares in Nicaragua? A Care Regime in an Exclusionary Social Policy Context

INTRODUCTION

NICARAGUA'S EXCLUSIONARY SOCIAL POLICY REGIME

NICARAGUA'S CARE REGIME

SO WHO CARES?

REFERENCES

Chapter 7: A Perfect Storm? Welfare, Care, Gender and Generations in Uruguay

INTRODUCTION

URUGUAY'S SOCIAL CRISES AND THE LACK OF STATE RESPONSE

THE THREE WORLDS OF SOCIAL RISK AND CARE IN URUGUAY

THE HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY OF CARE AND PROTECTION IN URUGUAY

RECENT SOCIAL REFORMS: CAUSE FOR MODERATE OPTIMISM?

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 8: Stratified Familialism: The Care Regime in India through the Lens of Childcare

INTRODUCTION

INFORMAL WORK IN A GROWING ECONOMY

THE PATCHWORK OF SOCIAL POLICY AND THE PRIVATIZING OF CARE

GENDERED FAMILIALISM AND CARE IN POLICY THINKING AND DISCOURSE

THE CARE DIAMOND: FAMILIAL, GENDERED AND INFORMAL SYSTEMS OF CARE

STRATIFIED FAMILIALISM AND THE CARE DEFICIT

REFERENCES

Chapter 9: Putting Two and Two Together? Early Childhood Education, Mothers’ Employment and Care Service Expansion in Chile and Mexico

INTRODUCTION

CHANGING PATTERNS OF HOUSEHOLD AND EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURES

EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE SERVICES IN MEXICO

EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE SERVICES IN CHILE

SIMILARITIES, DIFFERENCES AND IMPLICATIONS OF POLICY DESIGN

ACCOUNTING FOR DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTS: SOME HYPOTHESES

FINAL REMARKS

REFERENCES

Chapter 10: Going Global: The Transnationalization of Care

INTRODUCTION

CARE TRANSNATIONALIZATION: DEFINITIONS AND APPROACHES

VARIETIES AND EXPRESSIONS OF CARE TRANSNATIONALIZATION

CARE TRANSNATIONALIZATION: THE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCER-BASED CARE MIGRATION

DEVELOPING RESEARCH AGENDAS

REFERENCES

Index

Notes on Contributors

Debbie Budlender (debbie.budlender@gmail.com) is a specialist researcher with the Community Agency for Social Enquiry (C A S E), a South African non-governmental organization working in the area of social policy research. She has worked for C A S E since 1988.

Sarah Cook (Cook@unrisd.org) is the Director of the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), Palais des Nations 1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland. She was previously a Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. She has published extensively on China's social and economic development and on social protection in Asia. As Programme Officer for the Ford Foundation in Beijing (2000–2005) she supported the development of a gender and economics training programme and network in China.

Xiao-yuan Dong (x.dong@uwinnipeg.ca) is Professor of Economics at the University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Adjunct Professor at the National School of Development, Peking University, and Co-director of the Chinese Women's Economic Research and Training Programme. She has published extensively on China's economic transition and development and gender/women issues. Her current research interest is time use and the care economy. She is an associate editor of Feminist Economics and has served on the board of the International Association for Feminist Economics since 2007.

Martin Doornbos is Emeritus Professor of Political Science at the Institute of Social Studies, PO Box 29776, 2502 LT The Hague, The Netherlands (e-mail: doornbos@iss.nl) and Visiting Professor of Development Studies at Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda. He has done extensive research on state–society relations and the politics of resource allocation in Eastern Africa (mainly Uganda and the Horn) and in India, and is currently working on encounters between research and politics in the development arena. His most recent book is Global Forces and State Restructuring: Dynamics of State Formation and Collapse (Palgrave, 2006) and his forthcoming book (with Wim van Binsbergen) is entitled Researching Power and Identity in African State Formation: Comparative Perspectives.

Eleonor Faur (eleonorf@gmail.com) works with the United Nations Population Fund as Assistant Representative for Argentina, and teaches in the Doctoral Programme at UNGS-IDES. She has been involved in programme coordination on gender and human rights in international agencies, and has published several articles and books in Latin America. Her current research focuses on childcare, gender and social policy.

Fernando Filgueira studied Sociology at the Universidad de la República (Uruguay) and at Northwestern University (USA). He is currently Assistant Representative for the United Nations Population Fund in Uruguay. He can be contacted at e-mail: ffilgueirap@gmail.com.

Till Förster is director of the Centre for African Studies and professor of social anthropology (chair) at the University of Basel (email: till.foerster@unibas.ch). He has conducted long-term research on political transformations in Africa, in particular in Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon, and is currently studying the interaction of local, state and rebel governance in northern Côte d'Ivoire. He is co-editor of Non-State Actors as Standard Setters (Cambridge University Press, 2009).

Juliana Martínez Franzoni is associate professor at the Institute of Social Research, University of Costa Rica (Apartado Postal 49–2060, Ciudad Universitaria 'Rodrigo Facio', University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; e-mail: juliana.martinez@ucr.ac.cr). Her research focuses on social policy formation and inequality in Latin America. Her most recent publications include 'Welfare Regimes in Latin America: Capturing Constellations of Markets, Families and Policies', Latin American Politics and Society (2008); Latin American Capitalism: Economic and Social Policy in Transition, a special issue of Economy and Society edited with Diego Sánchez-Ancochea and Maxine Molyneux (2009); and 'Are Coalitions Equally Crucial for Redistribution in Latin America? The Intervening Role of Welfare Regimes in Chile, Costa Rica and El Salvador', Social Policy and Administration (2009), with Koen Voorend.

Roberto Gerhard studied Political Science and International Relations at the Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE), Mexico, where he currently works as a Research Assistant for the Department of Public Administration. His main research interest is in child-oriented policies. He has published a book chapter on the provision of public childcare services in Mexico and is currently planning to develop an index to measure the quality of care, as well as a longitudinal study on the impact of different types of care on children in Mexico.

Magdalena Gutiérrez studied Sociology at the Universidad de la República (Uruguay) and Hispanic Studies at the University of Illinois at Chicago (USA). She is currently a technical advisor on information systems and labour policies for the Ministry of Labour of Uruguay.

Tobias Hagmann is a visiting scholar at the Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley and an associated researcher at the Department of Geography, University of Zürich (email: tobias.hagmann@geo.uzh.ch). He has researched resource conflicts, local and state politics in the Ethio-Somali borderlands and maintains a strong interest in the political sociology of the state, critical conflict research and development studies. He is the co-editor (with Kjetil Tronvoll) of Contested Power: Traditional Authorities and Multi-party Elections in Ethiopia (forthcoming).

Asnake Kefale is assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Addis Ababa University (email: asnakekefale@gmail.com). He has done extensive research and published on issues of federalism, conflict, governance and civil society in Ethiopia.

Francie Lund (lundf@ukzn.ac.za) is the director of the Social Protection Programme of WIEGO (Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing), and is a Senior Research Associate at the School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.

Lalli Metsola is a researcher at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (email: metsola@mappi.helsinki.fi). For his PhD, he has researched and published on state formation, citizenship and political subjectivity in Namibia through the case of ex-combatant 'reintegration'. Recently, he has also done research on policing, violence and the rule of law in Namibia.

Neetha N. is a Senior Fellow at the Centre for Women's Development Studies. She has worked as Associate Fellow and Coordinator, Centre for Gender and Labour at the V.V. Giri National Labour Institute, NOIDA. Her current research interests are women's employment, care work and migration. She can be contacted at CWDS, 25 Bhai Vir Singh Marg, Delhi-110 001, India; e-mail: neetha@cwds.ac.in; neethapillai@gmail.com

Rajni Palriwala is currently Professor of Sociology at the University of Delhi. Her research falls within the broad area of gender relations, covering kinship and marriage, dowry, women and work, care, women's movements and feminist politics, and methodology. Her publications include Care, culture and citizenship: Revisiting the politics of welfare in the Netherlands (with C. Risseeuw and K. Ganesh, Het Spinhuis, 2005). She can be contacted at the Department of Sociology, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India; e-mail: rajnip@gmail.com

Didier Péclard is senior researcher at the Swiss Peace Foundation (swisspeace) in Bern and lecturer in political science at the University of Basel (email: didier.peclard@swisspeace.ch). He has worked and published extensively on Christian missions and nationalism as well as on the politics of peace and transition in Angola. As a fellow of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North–South, his current main research focus is on the dynamics of statehood in societies after violent conflicts.

Jorge Papadópulos studied Sociology at CIESU (Uruguay) and Political Science at Pittsburgh University (USA). He was a Director at the Social Security Bank in Uruguay (BPS) and is senior researcher at the Centre for Studies and Information in Uruguay (CIESU).

Ito Peng is a Professor at the Department of Sociology and the School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Toronto, Canada (e-mail: itopeng@chass.utoronto.ca). She teaches and researches in areas of political sociology, comparative welfare states, gender and social policy and specializes in the political economy of East Asia. Her current research includes an UNRISD-sponsored research project on the political and social economy of care; a joint research project with the Global Centre of Excellence at University of Kyoto on changing public and intimate spheres in Asia, in which she looks at social and economic policy changes and care and labour migration in Asia; and a Canadian Social Science and Humanities Research Council funded research project on social investment policies in Canada, Australia, Japan and Korea.

Shahra Razavi is Senior Researcher at the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland; e-mail razavi@unrisd.org. She specializes in the gender dimensions of social development, with a particular focus on livelihoods and social policy. Her recent publications include The Gendered Impacts of Liberalization: Towards 'Embedded Liberalism'? (Routledge, 2009), Workers in the Care Economy, edited with Silke Staab (International Labour Review, 2010), and The Unhappy Marriage of Religion and Politics: Problems and Pitfalls for Gender Equality, edited with Anne Jenichen (Third World Quarterly, 2010).

Timothy Raeymaekers is lecturer of Political Geography at the University of Zürich (timothy.raeymaekers@geo.uzh.ch). He has done extensive research on cross-border trade and local politics in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Amongst others, he is currently working on a book manuscript about cross-border trade in the borderland of Congo-Uganda based on his PhD thesis.

Marleen Renders is a post-doctoral research associate at the Human Rights Centre, Ghent University (email: marleen.renders@ugent.be). She currently works in Kenya's Coastal Province, investigating women's human rights in contexts of legal pluralism involving customary and Islamic law. She conducted her PhD fieldwork in Somaliland in 2002/2003 and was a research fellow at the Academy for Peace and Development, a local dialogue NGO carrying out participatory action research, in Hargeisa. Her work on Somaliland is shortly to be published by Brill (Leiden).

Inge Ruigrok is a consultant for the European Commission and an associate researcher at the Centro de Estudos Africanos (CEA/ISCTE) in Lisbon (email: ingeruigrok@gmail.com). She holds a PhD in Political Anthropology and an MSc degree in International Relations. Her doctorate research was on governance, culture and political change in post-war Angola, with a special focus on the redefinition and negotiation of central-local relations. She previously worked as a journalist in Europe and Southern Africa.

Anita Schroven is a researcher at Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle/Saale, and the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Bielefeld Germany (email: schroven@eth.mpg.de). She has conducted extensive research on state, governance, decentralization and oral tradition in Guinea as well as on gender and post-war societies in Sierra Leone and Liberia. She is author of the book Women after War (LIT Verlag, 2006).

Silke Staab is currently pursuing an MPhil/PhD at the Politics Department, University of Sheffield (Department of Politics, University of Sheffield, Northumberland Road, S10 2TU, UK; e-mail: s.staab@sheffield.ac.uk). Her research project examines patterns of continuity and change in Latin American social policy from a gender perspective, seeking to assess how far recent social policy reforms represent a shift away from the tenets of 'high-tide' neoliberalism, as well as the implications of this shift for gendered rights and responsibilities. Over the past six years, she has worked for different UN agencies and NGOs on issues related to gender, care, social policy and migration.

Jason Sumich is a research fellow for the SARChI Chair on Social Change, University of Fort Hare, 4 Hill Street, East London, 5201, South Africa (email: j.m.sumich@googlemail.com). His main areas of interest concern nationalism, urban ethnography, the middle class, social class formation and social stratification in Mozambique. He is currently researching nationalism, Islam and Indian Ocean trade networks in Mozambique and India.

Ulf Terlinden is a research associate at the Institute for Development and Peace (INEF) at the University of Duisburg-Essen (email: contact@ulfterlinden.de). He has been a resident political analyst in Somaliland since mid-2005 and his main research interest revolves around governance and post-conflict peacebuilding in the Horn of Africa. He has worked as research fellow and capacity builder with the Academy for Peace and Development, a local dialogue NGO carrying out participatory action research, in Hargeisa.

Koen Voorend is lecturer at the School of Communication of the Faculty of Social Sciences and researcher at the Institute for Social Research, University of Costa Rica (Apartado Postal 49–2060, Ciudad Universitaria 'Rodrigo Facio', University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; e-mail: koen.voorend@ucr.ac.cr). His current research is on gender equality in Latin American welfare regimes, migration and the formation of universal social policy in the periphery. Some of his recent publications include 'Are Coalitions Equally Crucial for Redistribution in Latin America? The Intervening Role of Welfare Regimes in Chile, Costa Rica and El Salvador', Social Policy and Administration (2009), and 'Sistemas de patriarcado y regímenes de bienestar. Una cosa lleva a la otra?', Fundación Carolina-CeALCI (2009), both with Juliana Martínez Franzoni. He recently entered the doctoral programme of the Institute of Social Studies in The Hague.

Nicola Yeates is Professor of Social Policy at the Department of Social Policy and Criminology, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK6 7AA, UK. She has published widely on issues of gender, migration, care and social policy across diverse country settings and from a transnational perspective. For a list of her recent research publications, see http://oro.open.ac.uk/