This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of the scholarship that has shaped our current understanding of the past. Defined by theme, period and/or region, each volume comprises between twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The aim of each contribution is to synthesize the current state of scholarship from a variety of historical perspectives and to provide a statement on where the field is heading. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers.
Published
A Companion to International History 1900–2001
Edited by Gordon Martel
A Companion to Gender History
Edited by Teresa A. Meade and Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
A Companion to Western Historical Thought
Edited by Lloyd Kramer and Sarah Maza
Published
A Companion to Roman Britain
Edited by Malcolm Todd
A Companion to Tudor Britain
Edited by Robert Tittler and Norman Jones
A Companion to Eighteenth-Century Britain
Edited by H. T. Dickinson
A Companion to Early Twentieth-Century Britain
Edited by Chris Wrigley
A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages
Edited by S. H. Rigby
A Companion to Stuart Britain
Edited by Barry Coward
A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Britain
Edited by Chris Williams
A Companion to Contemporary Britain
Edited by Paul Addison and Harriet Jones
In preparation
A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland
Edited by Pauline Stafford
Published
A Companion to Europe 1900–1945
Edited by Gordon Martel
A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Europe
Edited by Stefan Berger
A Companion to the Reformation World
Edited by R. Po-chia Hsia
A Companion to Eighteenth-Century Europe
Edited by Peter H. Wilson
A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance
Edited by Guido Ruggiero
In preparation
A Companion to Europe Since 1945
Edited by Klaus Larres
A Companion to the Medieval World
Edited by Carol Lansing and Edward D. English
Published:
A Companion to the American Revolution
Edited by Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole
A Companion to the American South
Edited by John B. Boles
A Companion to American Women’s History
Edited by Nancy A. Hewitt
A Companion to the Vietnam War
Edited by Marilyn B. Young and Robert Buzzanco
A Companion to 20th-Century America
Edited by Stephen J. Whitfield
A Companion to American Foreign Relations
Edited by Robert D. Schulzinger
A Companion to American Technology
Edited by Carroll Pursell
A Companion to American Immigration
Edited by Reed Ueda
A Companion to 19th-Century America
Edited by William L. Barney
A Companion to American Indian History
Edited by Philip J. Deloria and Neal Salisbury
A Companion to Post-1945 America
Edited by Jean-Christophe Agnew and Roy Rosenzweig
A Companion to Colonial America
Edited by Daniel Vickers
A Companion to the American West
Edited by William Deverell
A Companion to the Civil War and Reconstruction
Edited by Lacy K. Ford
A Companion to African-American History
Edited by Alton Hornsby
Published
A Companion to the History of the Middle East
Edited by Youssef M. Choueiri
A Companion to Latin American History
Edited by Thomas Holloway
A Companion to Japanese History
Edited by William M. Tsutsui
In preparation
A Companion to Russian History
Edited by Abbott Gleason
Peter H. Wilson
© 2008 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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First published 2008 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
1 2008
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A companion to eighteenth-century Europe / edited by Peter H. Wilson.
p. cm. — (Blackwell companions to history)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4051-3947-2 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1. Europe—History—1648–1789. 2. Europe—History—1789–1815. 3. Europe—Civilization—18th century. I. Wilson, Peter H.
D286.C57 2008
940.2′53—dc22
2007049382
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
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Maps
Figures
Ronald G. Asch is Professor of Early Modern History at Freiburg University, having previously held positions at the German Historical Institute, London, and Münster and Osnabrück universities. His books include Der Hof Karls I. Politik, Provinz und Patronage 1625–1640 (1993), Nobilities in Transition: Courtiers and Rebels in Britain and Europe, c. 1550–1700 (2003), and Jakob I (1567–1625). König von England und Schottland (2005).
Mark Berry is a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow (2004–7) and Fellow in History at Peterhouse, Cambridge. He has written widely on intellectual and cultural history from the late seventeenth century to the present day, with a special interest in the interaction between music, history, politics, and philosophy. His work on Wagner has been awarded the Prince Consort Prize and Seeley Medal. Treacherous Bonds and Laughing Fire: Politics and Religion in Wagner’s Ring is published by Ashgate.
Michael Bregnsbo is an Associate Professor of History at the University of Southern Denmark at Odense. His research interests include early modern Danish and European history, especially state building, political history, church history, and the history of historical ideas, on which he has published several books and articles.
Clarissa Campbell Orr is Senior Lecturer in History at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge Campus. She has edited and contributed to Queenship in Britain 1660–1837: Royal Patronage, Dynastic Politics and Court (2002), and Queenship in Europe 1650–1815 (2004), and written other articles on court studies, gender, and enlightenment in the eighteenth century, including the chapter “Dynastic Perspectives” in T. Riotte and B. Simms (eds.), The Hanoverian Dimension to British History (2007).
Markus Cerman is Associate Professor of Economic and Social History at the University of Vienna. He has published on European economic and social history from the late Middle Ages until the twentieth century including, together with J. Ehmer, T. Hareven, and R. Wall, Family History Revisited (2001), together with H. Zeitlhofer, Soziale Strukturen in Böhmen (2002), and, together with R. Luft, Untertanen, Herrschaft und Staat in Böhmen und im Alten Reich (2005).
Alan Forrest is Professor of History at the University of York, where he currently co-directs the Centre for Eighteenth-Century Studies. His recent publications include Napoleon’s Men: The Soldiers of the Revolution and Empire (2002), Paris, the Provinces and the French Revolution (2004), and together with J. P. Bertaud and A. Jourdan, Napoléon, le monde et les Anglais (2004).
Philippe Girard is Assistant Professor of World History at McNeese State University in Lake Charles, Louisiana. His works include Clinton in Haiti: The 1994 U.S. Invasion of Haiti (2004) and Paradise Lost: Haiti’s Tumultuous Journey from Pearl of the Caribbean to Third World Hot Spot (2005). He is currently working on a history of the Haitian revolution.
Jan Glete is Professor of History at Stockholm University, Sweden. He has published several studies of Swedish economic history. His more recent books include Navies and Nations: Warships, Navies and State Building in Europe and America, 1500–1860 (1993), Warfare at Sea, 1500–1650: Maritime Conflicts and the Transformation of Europe (2000), and War and the State in Early Modern Europe: Spain, the Dutch Republic and Sweden as Fiscal-Military States, 1500–1660 (2002).
Molly Greene is Professor of History at Princeton University with a joint appointment in the Program in Hellenic Studies. Her interests include Ottoman history and the history of the Mediterranean basin, with a particular interest in the Hellenic world. Her publications include A Shared World: Christians and Muslims in the Early Modern Mediterranean (2000) and, as editor, Minorities in the Ottoman Empire (2005).
Gregory Hanlon is University Research Professor at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. His books include L’Univers des gens de bien: Culture et comportements des élites urbaines en Aquitaine au XVIIe siècle (1989), Confessions and Community in Seventeenth-Century France: Catholic and Protestant Co-existence in Aquitaine (1993), The Twilight of a Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats and European Conflicts 1560–1800 (1998), Early Modern Italy 1550–1800 (2000), and Human Nature in Rural Tuscany: An Early Modern History (2007).
Lindsey Hughes was Professor of Russian History and Director for Russia Studies at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, until her death in 2007. Her major publications include Russia in the Age of Peter the Great (1998) and Peter the Great: A Biography (2002). She also edited the Slavonic and East European Review.
Beat Kümin is Associate Professor in Early Modern European History at the University of Warwick. His research interests focus on social centers in local communities. Publications include The Shaping of a Community: The Rise and Reformation of the English Parish 1400–1560 (1996), the co-edited collection The World of the Tavern: Public Houses in Early Modern Europe (2002), and Drinking Matters: Public Houses and Social Exchange in Early Modern Central Europe (2007).
Beverly Lemire is a Professor and Henry Marshall Tory Chair at the University of Alberta, Canada. Co-editor of the journal Textile History since 2002, her publications include Fashion’s Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain 1660–1800 (1991), Dress, Culture and Commerce: The English Clothing Trade before the Factory (1997), and The Business of Everyday Life: Gender, Practice and Social Politics in England 1600–1900 (2005). She also co-edited the interdisciplinary collection Women and Credit: Researching the Past, Refiguring the Future (2002).
Mary Lindemann is Professor of History at the University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida. She is the author of four books: Patriots and Paupers: Hamburg, 1712–1830 (1990), Health and Healing in Eighteenth-Century Germany (1996), Medicine and Society in Early Modern Europe (1999), and Liaisons dangereuses: Sex, Law, and Diplomacy in the Age of Frederick the Great (2006). She is currently writing a volume on political culture in three early modern cities: Amsterdam, Antwerp, and Hamburg.
David M. Luebke is Associate Professor of History at the University of Oregon. He is author of His Majesty’s Rebels: Communities, Factions and Rural Revolt in the Black Forest (1997) and many articles on seventeenth-century political culture, including “‘Naïve Monarchism’ and Marian Veneration in Early Modern Germany” (Past & Present, 1997) and “How to Become a Loyalist: Petitions, Self-Fashioning, and the Repression of Unrest” (Central European History, 2005).
Jerzy (George) Lukowski is Reader in Polish History at the University of Birmingham and is currently serving as Head of Department of Modern History. From 2003 to 2005 he was the beneficiary of a Research Readership from the British Academy. His books include Liberty’s Folly: The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Eighteenth Century (1991), The Partitions of Poland: 1772, 1793, 1795 (1999), The Eighteenth-Century European Nobility (2003), and, with W. H. Zawadzki, A Concise History of Poland (2nd edn., 2006).
Thomas Munck is Reader in History at the University of Glasgow. His books include The Peasantry and the Early Absolute Monarchy in Denmark, 1660–1708 (1979), Seventeenth-Century Europe 1598–1700 (2nd edn., 2005), Computing for Historians: An Introductory Guide (1993), and The Enlightenment: A Comparative Social History 1721–1794 (2000).
Ciro Paoletti is a librarian, a former infantry officer of the Italian army, and Director of the Association for Military and Historical Studies. His books on eighteenth-century warfare include Tra i Borboni e gli Asburgo: le armate terrestri e navali italiane nelle guerre del primo Settecento (1701–1732) (with V. Ilari and G. Boeri, 1996), La corona di Lombardia, guerra ed eserciti nell’Italia del medio Settecento: 1733–1763 (with V. Ilari and G. Boeri, 1997), Gli Italiani in armi: cinque secoli di storia militare nazionale 1495–2000 (2001), and Il principe Eugenio di Savoia (2002).
J. L. Price is Reader in History at the University of Hull. His publications include Culture and Society in the Dutch Republic during the Seventeenth Century (1974), Holland and the Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century (1994), The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century (1998), and Dutch Society 1588–1713 (2000).
Michael Rapport is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Stirling and author of Nationality and Citizenship in Revolutionary France: the Treatment of Foreigners, 1789–1799 (2000) and Nineteenth Century Europe, 1789–1914 (2005). He is currently working on a history of the 1848 revolutions in Europe.
Torsten Riotte is a research fellow at the German Historical Institute, London. His Ph.D. thesis has been published in German translation as Hannover in der britischen Politik (1792–1815) (2005). He has co-edited, with Brendan Simms, The Hanoverian Dimension in British History, 1714–1837 (2007) and is currently working on a study of George III and the Old Reich. His latest project is a study of the Hanoverian royal family and their experiences during the Austrian exile after 1866.
Michael Schaich is a research fellow at the German Historical Institute, London. He is the author of Staat und Öffentlichkeit im Kurfürstentum Bayern in der Sprätaufklärung (2001), co-editor, with Jörg Neuheiser, of Political Rituals in Great Britain, 1700–2000 (2006), and has edited Monarchy and Religion: The Transformation of Royal Culture in Eighteenth-Century Europe (2007).
Marc Schalenberg is Assistant Professor at the University of Zurich, having worked previously at Humboldt University, Berlin. His publications include Humboldt auf Reisen? Die Rezeption des “deutschen Universitätsmodells” in den französischen und britischen Reformdiskursen, 1810–1870 (2002), and a co-edited collection, … immer im Forschen bleiben (2004). He is currently working on a comparative history of German residence towns in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
Hamish Scott is Professor of International History at the University of St Andrews. A Fellow of the British Academy, he is the author of The Rise of the Great Powers 1648–1815 (with D. McKay, 1983), British Foreign Policy in the Age of the American Revolution (1990), The Emergence of the Eastern Powers 1756–1775 (2001), and The Birth of a Great Power System 1740–1815 (2006). His edited books include Enlightened Absolutism: Reform and Reformers in Eighteenth-Century Europe (1990), The European Nobilities in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (2nd edn., 2 vols., 2007).
Deborah Simonton is Associate Professor of British History at the University of Southern Denmark having worked previously at the University of Aberdeen. She is the author of, among other books, The Routledge History of Women in Modern Europe (2006), editor of A History of European Women’s Work, 1700 to the Present (1998), and has co-edited Women and Higher Education, Past Present and Future (1996), Gendering Scottish History, an International Approach (1999), and Gender in Scottish History (2006). She is currently writing Women in European Culture and Society for Routledge.
Christopher Storrs is Reader in Early Modern European History at the University of Dundee. His books include War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy, 1690–1720 (1999) and The Resilience of the Spanish Monarchy 1665–1700 (2006).
Andrew C. Thompson is a College Lecturer and Official Fellow in History at Queens’ College, Cambridge. He is the author of Britain, Hanover and the Protestant Interest, 1688–1756 (2006) and is currently working on a biography of George II.
Joachim Whaley is a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College and Senior Lecturer in German at the University of Cambridge. He is the author of Religious Toleration and Social Change in Hamburg 1529–1819 (1985; new edn. 2002) and of numerous articles on eighteenth-century German cultural and intellectual history.
Dennis Wheeler is Reader in Geography at the University of Sunderland. His principal research area is historical climatology, in which he uses naval and other documents from the past three centuries to reconstruct the climate of the time. He has also studied the influence of weather on naval battles in the age of sail and has published over a hundred papers. His books include Regional Climates of the British Isles (1997) and Statistical Techniques in Geographical Analysis (2004).
Peter H. Wilson is G. F. Grant Professor of History at the University of Hull, having worked previously at Sunderland and Newcastle universities. His books include War, State and Society in Württemberg, 1677–1793 (1995), German Armies: War and German Politics 1648–1806 (1998), The Holy Roman Empire 1495–1806 (1999), Absolutism in Central Europe (2000), and From Reich to Revolution: German History 1558–1806 (2004).