Sharon Clarke is Professor of Organizational Psychology at Manchester Business School, University of Manchester. She has research interests in safety culture, safety climate, leadership, occupational stress, well-being, and health. She is currently Associate Editor for the Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology and the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.

Tahira M. Probst is Professor of Psychology at Washington State University, Vancouver. Her research focuses on occupational health and safety, with a particular interest in the psychosocial antecedents of accident underreporting. She is currently Co-editor of Stress & Health and an editorial board member of the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Military Psychology, and the Journal of Business and Psychology.

Frank Guldenmund is a Lecturer at the Safety and Security Institute of Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands. He works primarily in the field of occupational safety, where his research involves modeling and assessing (the quality of) safety management systems and safety culture, a topic which he has been pondering since the mid 1990s.

Jonathan Passmore is Professor of Psychology at Evora and Managing Director of Embrion, a psychology consulting company. He is a chartered psychologist, holds five degrees and has an international reputation for his work in coaching and leadership. He has published 14 books on the themes of leadership, personal development, and change, including editing the Association for Coaching series of coaching titles. He speaks widely at conferences across the world from the USA to Europe and Asia and has published over 100 journal papers and book chapters.

Tom Bellairs is a doctoral student at the University of Alabama. He examines how employees approach their work in the context of how they view their future at work. He earned a BS from the United States Air Force Academy and an MBA from the University of Southern California.

Andrea Bishop, PhD is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the School of Nursing, Dalhousie University with the Strengthening Transitions in Paediatric Care Team. Dr Bishop’s research interests focus on patient engagement in patient safety and transitions in care, organizational patient safety culture, and knowledge translation.

Michael J. Burke is the Lawrence Martin Chair in Business at Tulane University. He received his PhD in Psychology from Illinois Institute of Technology. His current research focuses on the efficacy of workplace safety interventions, the development of procedures for assessing inter-rater agreement, and psychological and organizational climate.

Francesco Cangiano is a PhD candidate in Organisational Behaviour at the UWA Business School. Francesco received a Masters in Social and Organisational Psychology from the University of Exeter and has a BSc in Organisational Psychology. His main research areas include proactive work behavior, employee well-being, and work motivation.

Nik Chmiel is Professor of Psychology, Head of the Department of Psychology and Counselling, and Director of the People and Well-Being in the Everyday Research (POWER) Centre at the University of Chichester, UK. He is a past president of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology (EAWOP).

Stacey M. Conchie is a Lecturer in Psychology at Lancaster University, UK. Her research focuses on the role of interpersonal trust in shaping interactions within high-risk contexts; namely industry and security.

Arla Day is Canada Research Chair and Full Professor of Industrial/Organizational Psychology at Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Canada. Her research and consulting address issues of healthy workplaces, occupational stress, employee well-being, and work–life balance. Arla chairs the Nova Scotia Psychological Healthy Workplace Program, and she is Associate Editor of the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.

Maureen F. Dollard, PhD is Professor of Work and Organisational Psychology and Director of the Asia Pacific Centre for Work Health and Safety at the University of South Australia. She is President of the Asia Pacific Academy for Psychosocial Factors at Work, Co-chair of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH-WOPS) Scientific Committee, and Chair of the ICOH-WOPS 2014 congress.

Ståle Einarsen is Professor of Work and Organizational Psychology from the University of Bergen and Head of the Bergen Workplace Bullying Research Group (BBRG). He is a pioneer in workplace bullying research where he has published extensively over the last 20 years. Ståle is also the co-editor of two international volumes on workplace bullying.

Mark Fleming, PhD is the CN Professor of Safety Culture at Saint Mary’s University, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He has over 20 years of experience in health and safety research. Currently, Mark’s research includes investigating methods for measuring and improving safety culture, safety motivation, safety leadership, and rail safety.

Rhona Flin, PhD, FBPsS, FRSE, FRAeS holds the Chair of Applied Psychology, University of Aberdeen (www.abdn.ac.uk/iprc) and is a member of the Safety Advisory Committee, Military Aviation Authority. She studies human performance in high-risk industries, current projects on safety culture, safety leadership, non-technical skills, and surgeons’ intra-operative decision-making.

Jeff Foster is Vice President of Science at Hogan Assessment Systems. His team completes over 100 criterion-related, generalization of validity, and customized validity studies annually. Dr Foster previously worked in selection and assessment for Anheuser-Busch while earning his PhD in Industrial and Organizational Psychology at the University of Missouri-St. Louis.

Carla Santos Fugas has a PhD in Psychology, specializing in Work and Organizational Psychology. As a Researcher at ISCTE-IUL Business School, she has published in the domain of health psychology, social norms, and safety behaviors. She combines academic research with practice in Safety and Health at Work Management.

E. Scott Geller, PhD Alumni Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, is Director of the Center for Applied Behavior Systems in the Department of Psychology. He is also Senior Partner of Safety Performance Solutions, a leading-edge training and consulting firm for occupational health, safety, leadership, sustainability, and culture improvement.

A. Ian Glendon is Associate Professor, School of Applied Psychology, and a member of the Behavioral Basis of Health Program, and the Work and Organizational Wellbeing Research Centre, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; he has published more than 100 scientific papers, book chapters, and books on aspects of risk and safety, including the third edition of Human Safety and Risk Management (2015, with Sharon Clarke).

Mark A. Griffin is Professor of Organizational Psychology and Director of the Centre for Safety at the University of Western Australia. He received his PhD in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from the Pennsylvania State University. His research includes areas such as leadership, safety, work performance, organizational climate, and work stress.

Gudela Grote is Professor of Work and Organizational Psychology at the ETH Zurich. She received her PhD at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, USA. Her research addresses the individual and organizational management of uncertainty, for example in medical and software development teams, and human resource management practices related to well-being, safety, and performance.

Sara Guediri, PhD is a Lecturer in Organizational Psychology at Manchester Business School, University of Manchester. Her research focuses on leadership, workplace safety, and employee well-being. She is a member of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) and the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology (EAWOP).

Jonathon R. B. Halbesleben is the HealthSouth Chair of Health Care Management in the Department of Management in the Culverhouse College of Commerce at the University of Alabama. He received his PhD in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from the University of Oklahoma. His research explores employee well-being and work–family issues.

Isabelle Hansez is Full Professor of Work and Organizational Psychology at the University of Liège (Belgium) where she leads the Human Resources Development Unit. She has an extended experience in psychosocial risks and well-being assessment in organizations, including safety outcomes in high-risk sectors. This practical experience is in line with the adaptation of the Job Demands-Resources framework to safety issues in collaborative research with Professor Nik Chmiel.

Thomas Helson is a student at Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Canada. His research interests are in occupational health psychology, with much of his work involving workplace health promotion, assessing healthy workplaces, employee well-being, and leadership development.

Helge Hoel is Professor of Organisational Behaviour at Manchester Business School, University of Manchester. He has contributed to a number of books, articles, and reports on workplace bullying, harassment, and violence, including commissioned works for the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions and the International Labour Organization (ILO).

Patti Jordan is a Professor of Professional Practice at Texas Christian University. She earned her PhD in Business Administration from Oklahoma State University. Patti spent 30 years working in various roles in the manufacturing arena including working in the steel and airline industries. During her career in industry she was instrumental in implementing safety programs to improve the safety of the work area and behavior of the employees.

E. Kevin Kelloway is the Canada Research Chair in Occupational Health Psychology and a Professor of Psychology at Saint Mary’s University. As a prolific researcher, he is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, the Canadian Psychology Association, the International Association for Applied Psychology, and the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology.

Gil Luria is a Senior Lecturer and Department Chair in the Department of Human Services, the Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences at the University of Haifa. He conducts research on occupational safety with the focus on organizational climate, leadership, stress, and organizational interventions. He received his PhD from the Faculty of Management at the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology.

Daniel W. Makhan holds a MSc in Ergonomics from Loughborough University in the UK and a MBA from Saint Mary’s University in Halifax, Canada. As a Certified Human Factors Professional, Daniel brings systems thinking to business through human-centred design and management disciplines to make the workplace better, safer, and more profitable.

Stephen B. Nichols is Manager of International Research at Hogan Assessment Systems. He focuses on providing research expertise to Hogan’s multinational partners and international distributors. His experiences have led to collaborations with researchers from over 50 countries. Stephen earned his MS in Industrial and Organizational Psychology at Missouri State University.

Morten Birkeland Nielsen is Senior Researcher at the Norwegian National Institute of Occupational Health and Professor in Work and Organizational Psychology at the University of Bergen, Norway. His research interests include occupational health and safety, workplace bullying and harassment, leadership, personality, and research methodology. Morten is Associate Editor of Work & Stress and an editorial board member of Scandinavian Psychologist.

Michael P. O’Driscoll is Professor of Psychology at the University of Waikato in New Zealand, where he convenes the postgraduate program in Organisational Psychology. His primary research interests focus on job-related stress (including the effects of bullying at work), coping and psychological well-being, work–life balance, and well-being of older workers. He is Associate Editor of Stress & Health and the New Zealand Journal of Psychology, and serves on the editorial boards of several international academic journals.

Sharon K. Parker is a Winthrop Professor at the UWA Business School, University of Western Australia. She is an Australian Research Council Future Fellow and a leading international scholar on the topics of proactivity and work design. Professor Parker has published over 60 refereed journal articles, 40 book chapters, two books, and numerous technical and practitioner publications.

Zechariah J. Robinson, senior undergraduate honors student is Coordinator of Research for the Center for Applied Behavior Systems, and Undergraduate Supervisor for the Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, at Virginia Tech. He has authored/coauthored 13 professional conference presentations and three publications, and was awarded Senior of the Year for the College of Science.

Maree Roche is a Senior Lecturer in Psychology (Organisational) at the University of Waikato in New Zealand. Her primary research interests focus on employee psychological well-being and leadership. She is the author of several journal articles and book chapters. She is Co-editor of the New Zealand Journal of Human Resource Management, and provides consulting services to organizations on employee well-being and leadership.

Wilmar B. Schaufeli is Full Professor of Work and Organizational Psychology at Utrecht University, The Netherlands, and Distinguished Research Professor at Leuven University, Belgium. He is a Fellow of the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology and was awarded “Highly Cited Researcher” by Thomson Reuters, ranking among the top 1 percent of most cited researchers in psychology (www.wilmarschaufeli.nl).

Sílvia Agostinho Silva is Associate Professor in the Department of Human Resources and Organizational Behavior at Instituto Universitário Lisboa (ISCTE- IUL). Her research on work psychology applied to safety and health focuses on work culture, climate, and norms. She has coordinated research projects and collaborated with several companies on workplace health promotion.

Mickey B. Smith is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Management at the University of Southern Mississippi. He earned his PhD in Management from Oklahoma State University. His research focuses on the interactions among individual, group, and organizational factors that influence employee performance.

Caitlin E. Smith Sockbeson is a PhD student in Organizational Behavior at Tulane University. After graduating from Spring Hill College, she worked in the publishing industry for six years before pursuing her PhD. Her research interests include diversity in the workplace, influence and political behavior, and performance management.

Toon W. Taris is Full Professor of Work and Organizational Psychology at Utrecht University, The Netherlands, and heads the Department of Psychology of that university. Since 2013 he has served as Editor-in-Chief of Work & Stress, one of the leading journals in occupational health psychology.

Paul J. Taylor is Professor of Psychology at Lancaster University, UK, and Professor of Human Interaction at Twente University, the Netherlands. Supported by over £4m of funding, Paul’s research combines experimental, archival, and field methods to understand the workings of human interaction and the strategies that promote cooperation. Read more at: www.pauljtaylor.com.

J. Craig Wallace is the William S. Spears Chair in Business Administration at Oklahoma State University. He earned his PhD in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from the Georgia Institute of Technology. His research focuses on the intersection of individual-level theories of motivation, emotion, and cognition with higher-level constructs, such as leadership and climate, to better explain and predict important outcomes.

Helena E. Woodcock gained her PhD from the University of Liverpool, UK, in 2013. Her research interests are in the repair of employees’ trust in management; specifically, identifying both the verbal and non-verbal behavioral strategies that are effective at maintaining a workable relationship.

Jennifer H. K. Wong is currently pursuing her PhD in Industrial-Organizational Psychology at Saint Mary’s University. She completed her MSc in Applied Psychology from the same university in 2012. Jennifer takes on a multidisciplinary approach to occupational health and safety by incorporating methods and theories from related areas of research.

Amy Zadow holds a Masters in Work and Organisational Psychology. She is a Research Assistant and PhD candidate at the Asia Pacific Centre for Work Health and Safety at the University of South Australia. She has presented at the International Forum for Quality and Safety in Healthcare, the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology, the International Congress of Applied Psychology, and the International Commission on Occupational Health.

Dieter Zapf is Professor of Work and Organizational Psychology and Scientific Director, Center for Leadership and Behavior in Organizations (CLBO) at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany, and Visiting Professor at Manchester Business School, Manchester, UK. His research interests include stress at work, workplace bullying, older workers, job analysis, human errors, job satisfaction, emotional labor, service interactions, and customer satisfaction.

The editors of this volume, Sharon Clarke, Tahira M. Probst, Frank Guldenmund, and Jonathan Passmore, each have distinct areas of expertise within occupational health and safety. They have brought together an exceptional team of international experts on occupational health and safety to provide a comprehensive set of essays that mirror the state of knowledge and practice in occupational health psychology.

The focus of occupational health psychology is to develop and maintain a safe and healthy work environment for all workers – not only to protect the workers themselves from accident and injury but to prevent negative effects in the work environment from affecting their families and communities. Occupational health psychology was initially conceptualized as a multidisciplinary field bringing together expertise in work and organization psychology, social psychology, clinical psychology, safety, engineering, occupational nursing and medicine, human factors and ergonomics, and organizational science to name a few of the relevant areas of expertise.

In the early years of occupational health psychology, much of the underlying framework drew on occupational stress as a psychological mechanism for understanding the effects of work on employee health and well-being. As is readily apparent from this volume, the field has grown to draw on most areas of psychology in contributing to our knowledge of detrimental effects of work on employees’ safety, health, and well-being, as well as their families. Additionally, it is becoming increasingly clear that work can have positive effects on people by giving their lives a sense of meaning, purpose, and accomplishment. The contributions of the team of international experts included in this volume reflect the theoretical progress in occupational health psychology. This international representation among the contributors is important given the globalization of work organizations.

As the field of occupational health psychology grows and matures, it is imperative to integrate the findings from the theoretical investigations of factors influencing workers’ safety, health, and well-being into interventions appropriate for the workplace. Such interventions are becoming increasingly designed and evaluated according to sound scientific principles and this volume dedicates a major section to presenting the theoretical basis and empirical evidence for safety and health interventions. This bridges the “supposed gap” between science and practice providing practical implications for the development and maintenance of a safe and healthy work environment for all workers and their families.

This volume provides an integration of multiple perspectives on occupational health and safety, primarily from an occupational health psychology view, attending to issues at the individual, job, group/team, organizational, and societal level. Further, the contributions to the volume provide a science and practice perspective.

Lois E. Tetrick, PhD
Professor of Psychology
George Mason University
Fellow – European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology
Fellow – Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Fellow – American Psychological Association
Fellow – Association for Psychological Science
Founding Member – Society for Occupational Health Psychology

Welcome to this fourth book in the Wiley Blackwell Industrial and Organizational Psychology series. This title in the series focuses on health and safety and builds on the previous three titles in the series on leadership and change, coaching and mentoring, and training and development.

In recent years we have seen a growing development in our understanding of accidents and how organizations can draw on our understanding of human psychology to improve on safety outcomes. The same is true of occupational health, which is now a significant feature in many organizational human resources policies.

We believe this series differs in four ways from other titles in the field. Firstly, the focus for the title is aimed at the academic researcher and student, as opposed to the practitioner, although scholar practitioners may also find this an interesting read. The aim of this book is to offer a comprehensive coverage of the main topics of inquiry within the domain and in each of these to offer a comprehensive critical literature review of the main topic areas. Each chapter is thus an attempt to gather together the key papers, book chapters and ideas and to present these for the serious researcher, student, and academic as a starting point for research in the key topics of I/O psychology in a focused (10,000 word) chapter. The book thus aims to operate as a starting point for any in depth inquiry into the field.

Secondly, while many books take a UK/European or a US/North American approach with contributors drawn predominantly from one continent or the other, in this series we have made strenuous efforts to create an international feel. For each title in the series we have drawn contributors from across the globe, and encouraged them to take an international, as opposed to national or regional focus. Such an approach creates challenges: challenges in terms of language and spelling, but also in the way ideas and concepts are applied in each country or region. We have encouraged our contributors to highlight such differences. We encourage you as the reader to reflect on these to better understand how and why these differences have emerged and what implications these have for your research and our deeper understanding of the psychological constructs which underpin these ideas.

Thirdly, the chapters avoid offering a single perspective, based on the ideas of the contributor. Instead we have invited leading writers in the field to critically review the literature in their areas of expertise. The chapters thus offer a unique insight into the literature in each of these areas, with leading scholars sharing their interpretation of the literature in their area.

Finally, as series editor I have invited contributors and editors to donate their royalties to a charity. Given the international feel for the title we selected an international charity – Railway Children – a charity that supports runaway and abandoned children across the world. This means approximately 10 percent of the cover price has been donated to charity and with this small contribution we collectively hope to make the world a slightly better place.

With any publication of this kind there are errors; as editors we apologies in advance for these.

Jonathan Passmore

Series Editor, I/O Psychology

Railway Children supports children alone and at risk on the streets of India, East Africa, and here in the UK. Children migrate to the streets for many reasons, but once there they experience physical and sexual abuse, exploitation, drugs, and even death. We focus on early intervention, getting to the street kids before the street gets to them, and where possible we reunite them with their families and communities.

In addressing the issue we work through our three step change agenda to:

• Meet the immediate needs of children on the streets – we work with local organizations to provide shelter, education, or vocational training, counseling and, if possible, reintegration to family life.
• Shift perception in the local context – we work with local stakeholders to ensure that street children are not viewed as commodities to be abused and exploited, but as children in need of care and protection.
• Hold governments to account – if we are to see a long-term, sustainable change for the children with whom we work, we must influence key decision-makers, ensuring that provisions for safeguarding children are made within their policies and budgets.

Last year we reached over 27,000 children; 14,690 of these were in India where we reunited 2,820 with their families. In the UK we launched our research, “Off the Radar,” which revealed the experiences of over 100 of the most detached children in the UK. Many of these children received no intervention either before leaving home or once they were on the streets. We have made recommendations that include emergency refuge for under 16s and a wrap-round of other services, such as Misper schemes, local helplines, outreach and family liaison to allow children and young people to access interventions in a variety of ways.

To find out more about our work, or to help us support more vulnerable children, please go to www.railwaychildren.org.uk or call 00 44 1270 757596.