Contents
Cover
Related Titles
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
List of Contributors
Part One: Structural Applications
Chapter 1: Oxidation and Corrosion of Ceramics
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Silica-Forming Ceramics
1.3 Alumina-Forming Ceramics
1.4 Ultrahigh-Temperature Ceramics
1.5 Oxide Ceramic Degradation Mechanisms
1.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 2: Thermal Barrier Coatings
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Manufacturing Routes
2.3 YSZ-Based TBCS
2.4 New TBC Systems
2.5 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3: Ceramic Filters and Membranes
3.1 Ceramics in Hot Gas Filtration
3.2 Ceramic Membranes for Liquid Filtration
3.3 Ceramic Membranes for Pervaporation/Vapor Permeation
3.4 Ceramic Membranes for Gas Separation
References
Chapter 4: High-Temperature Engineering Ceramics
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Engineering Ceramic Systems
4.3 Turbine Engine Applications
4.4 Applications for Rocket Propulsion and Hypersonic Vehicles
4.5 Friction Materials
4.6 Concluding Remarks: Barriers to Application
References
Chapter 5: Advanced Ceramic Glow Plugs
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Glow Plugs
5.3 Metal-Type Glow Plugs
5.4 Ceramic Glow Plugs
5.5 Fabrication Procedure of Heater Elements for Ceramic Glow Plugs
5.6 Material Design of the Ceramic Heater Element
5.7 Silicon Nitride Ceramics
5.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Nanosized and Nanostructured Hard and Superhard Materials and Coatings
6.1 Introduction: Small is Strong
6.2 Different Mechanisms of Hardness Enhancement in Coatings
6.3 Mechanisms of Decomposition of Solid Solution and Formation of Nanostructure
6.4 Industrial Applications of Nanocomposite and Nanostructured Coatings on Tools
6.5 Conclusions and Future Challenges
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7: Polymer-Derived Ceramics: 40 Years of Research and Innovation in Advanced Ceramics
7.1 Introduction to Polymer-Derived Ceramics (PDCs)
7.2 Preceramic Polymer Synthesis
7.3 Processing of Preceramic Polymers
7.4 Microstructure of PDCs
7.5 Properties of PDCs
7.6 Applications of PDCs
7.7 Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Part Two: Functional Applications
Chapter 8: Microwave Ceramics
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Microwave Dielectric Properties
8.3 Overview of Microwave Dielectric Materials
8.4 Crystal Chemistry of Perovskite and Tungsten-Bronze-Type Microwave Ceramics
8.5 Microstructural Features in High-Q Perovskites
8.6 Glass-Free Low-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic LTCC Microwave Materials
References
Chapter 9: Ceramic Fuel Cells: Principles, Materials, and Applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fuel Cell Systems Efficiency and the Role of Ceramic Fuel Cells
9.3 Ceramic Fuel Cell Systems and Applications to Date
9.4 Efficiency and Principles of Ceramic Fuel Cells
9.5 Historical Overview of Ceramic Fuel Cells
9.6 SOFC Materials and Properties
9.7 New Approaches for Ceramic Fuel Cells
9.8 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 10: Nitridosilicates and Oxonitridosilicates: From Ceramic Materials to Structural and Functional Diversity
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Synthetic Approaches
10.3 1D Nitridosilicates
10.4 2D Nitridosilicates
10.5 3D Nitridosilicates
10.6 Chemical Bonding in Nitridosilicates
10.7 Material Properties
10.8 Outlook
References
Chapter 11: Ceramic Lighting
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Solid-State Lighting and White Light-Emitting Diodes
11.3 Ceramic Phosphors
11.4 White Light-Emitting Diodes Using Ceramic Phosphors
11.5 Outlook
References
Chapter 12: Ceramic Gas Sensors
12.1 Introduction: Definitions and Classifications
12.2 Metal-Oxide-Based Gas Sensors: Operational Principles and Sensing Materials
12.3 Performance Characteristics
12.4 Nano-Micro Integration
12.5 Mechanism of Gas Detection
12.6 Characterization Methodology
12.7 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Chapter 13: Oxides for Li Intercalation, Li-ion Batteries
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Why Oxides are Attractive as Insertion Materials
13.3 Titanium
13.4 Vanadium
13.5 Chromium
13.6 Manganese
13.7 Iron
13.8 Cobalt- and Nickel-Based Oxides
13.9 Copper
13.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Magnetic Ceramics
14.1 Background
14.2 Introduction
14.3 Magnetite
14.4 Doped Manganites
14.5 Ferrimagnetic Double Perovskites
14.6 Iron Nitrides and Summary
References
Index
Related Titles
Riedel, R. / Chen, I-W. (eds.)
Ceramics Science and Technology
4 Volume Set
2014
ISBN: 978-3-527-31149-1, also available in digital formats
Riedel, R. / Chen, I-W. (eds.)
Ceramics Science and Technology
Volume 1: Structures
2008
ISBN: 978-3-527-31155-2, also available in digital formats
Riedel, R. / Chen, I-W. (eds.)
Ceramics Science and Technology
Volume 2: Materials and Properties
2010
ISBN: 978-3-527-31156-9, also available in digital formats
Riedel, R. / Chen, I-W. (eds.)
Ceramics Science and Technology
Volume 3: Synthesis and Processing
2011
ISBN: 978-3-527-31157-6, also available in digital formats
Krenkel, W. (ed.)
Ceramic Matrix Composites
Fiber Reinforced Ceramics and their Applications
2008
ISBN: 978-3-527-31361-7, also available in digital formats
Aldinger, F., Weberruss, V.A.
Advanced Ceramics and Future Materials
An Introduction to Structures, Properties, Technologies, Methods
2010
ISBN: 978-3-527-32157-5
Krenkel, W. (ed.)
Verbundwerkstoffe
17. Symposium Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde
2009
ISBN: 978-3-527-32615-0,
also available in digital formats
Barsoum, M.
MAX Phases
Properties of Machinable Ternary Carbides and Nitrides
2013
ISBN: 978-3-527-33011-9,
also available in digital formats
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Preface
Along with metals and polymers, advanced ceramics are one of the most promising classes of materials for the key technologies of the 21st century. Recent developments in the field has resulted in a number of new synthesis, processing and sintering techniques for the production of novel structural and functional ceramics and ceramic composites. Significant progress has also been made in the past two decades in the production of novel multifunctional ceramics with a tailor made micro- and/or nanoscale structure to respond to the increasing technological demand for advanced ceramic materials.
The four-volume series of Ceramics Science & Technology covers various aspects of modern trends in advanced ceramics reflecting the status quo of the latest achievements in ceramics science and development. The contributions highlight the increasing technological significance of advanced ceramic materials and present concepts for their production and application. Volume 1 deals with structural properties of ceramics by considering a broad spectrum of length scale, starting from the atomic level by discussing amorphous and crystalline solid state structural features, and continuing with the microstructural level by commenting on microstructural design, mesoscopic and nano structures, glass ceramics, cellular structures, thin films and multiphase (composite) structures. Volume 2 focuses on i) various distinct classes of ceramic materials, namely oxides, carbides and nitrides, and ii) physical and mechanical properties of advanced ceramics. The series is continued with Volume 3 with chapters related to advanced synthesis and processing techniques used for the production of engineering ceramics and is here completed by Volume 4 which is devoted to applications of engineering and functional ceramics.
Quo vadis ceramics? The four-volume series intends to provide comprehensive information relevant to the future direction of ceramics. In this respect, Volume 4 describes commercial applications of several advanced, engineering ceramics to offer evidence for their technological importance and to point to trends for the further development of this fascinating class of materials. Latest examples of commercial ceramics are found in transportation industry: PZT (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3)-based piezoelectric actuators and Si3N4-based ball bearings and glow plugs are used in diesel engines, carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) is used for brakes, and oxide ceramics-based thermal barrier coatings are used in jet engines; in lighting industry: sialon-derivative-based luminescent ceramics for LED applications, and GaN-based ceramics for optoelectronics; and in many others.
As novel ceramics are called for and expected to establish a commercial status in the future in a number of emerging application fields, there is the need for a long-term alignment with the emerging fields and for continued fundamental research in ceramics science and technology. Along this line, Volume 4 highlights potential applications of advanced ceramics in applications such as fuel cells, membranes, gas sensors, and energy storage. In addition, specific functions uniquely delivered by ceramic materials are described: nanostructured ceramics for superhard applications, ceramics for ultrahigh temperature and corrosive environment applications, and ceramics for magnetic and microwave applications. Finally, novel compositions based on polymer-derived ceramics and nitridosilicates are discussed as promising future materials with properties unmatched by any material known today and ones that can only be realized by designing the material structure at the nanoscale. In this way, we hope this final volume and the four-volume series will celebrate and contribute to the exciting development of ceramics and technology by providing the latest scientific knowledge to ceramic students and ceramic research community.
We wish to thank all the contributing authors for their great enthusiasm in compiling excellent manuscripts in their respective area of expertise. We also acknowledge the support of the Wiley-VCH editors, Bernadette Gmeiner and Martin Preuß, for their continuous encouragement to work on this project.
Darmstadt and Philadelphia
May 2013
Ralf Riedel
I-Wei Chen
List of Contributors
Jörg Adler
Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems
Winterbergstrasse 28
01277 Dresden
Germany
Lambert Alff
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Institute of Materials Science
Petersenstr. 23
65287 Darmstadt
Germany
Natalia N. Bramnik
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Institut für Angewandte Materialien- Energiespeichersysteme (IAM-ESS) & Institut für Anorganische Chemie
Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1
76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
Germany
Paolo Colombo
University of Padova
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica
Settore Materiali
35131 Padova
Italy
and
The Pennsylvania State University
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
University Park, PA 16802
USA
Helmut Ehrenberg
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Institut für Angewandte Materialien- Energiespeichersysteme (IAM-ESS) & Institut für Anorganische Chemie
Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1
76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
Germany
Aleksander Gurlo
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften
Petersenstr. 32
64287 Darmstadt
Germany
Naoto Hirosaki
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba
Ibaraki 305-0044
Japan
Peter Holtappels
Technical University of Denmark
Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
Frederiksborgvej 399,
4000 Roskilde
Denmark
Pavel Holubá
SHM s.r.o.
Prmyslová 3
787 01 Šumperk
Czech Republic
Nathan S. Jacobson
NASA Glenn Research Center
MS 106-1, 21000 Brookpark Road
Cleveland, OH 44135
USA
Botjan Janar
Jožef Stefan Institute
Advanced Materials Department
Jamova 39
1000 Ljubljana
Slovenia
Allan P. Katz
Air Force Research Laboratory
Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXCC
Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7817
USA
Ronald J. Kerans
Air Force Research Laboratory
Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXCC(Emeritus)
Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7817
USA
Ralf Kriegel
Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems
Michael-Faraday-Str. 1
07629 Hermsdorf
Germany
Gabriela Mera
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Institute for Materials Science
64287 Darmstadt
Germany
Mamoru Mitomo
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba
Ibaraki 305-0044
Japan
Takeshi Mitsuoka
NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd
Material Research Dept R&D Center
2808 Iwasaki Komaki-shi
Aichi 485–8510
Japan
Sandro Pagano
Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
Department of Chemistry
Butenandtstrasse 5–13
81377 Munich
Germany
Elizabeth J. Opila
University of Virginia
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
395 McCormick Rd.
Charlottesville, VA 22904
USA
Ralf Riedel
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Institute for Materials Science
64287 Darmstadt
Germany
Wolfgang Schnick
Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
Department of Chemistry
Butenandtstrasse 5–13
81377 Munich
Germany
Gian Domenico Sorarù
University of Trento
Materials Science and Technology
38122 Trento
Italy
Bhaskar Reddy Sudireddy
Technical University of Denmark
Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
Frederiksborgvej 399,
4000 Roskilde
Denmark
Danilo Suvorov
Jožef Stefan Institute
Advanced Materials Department
Jamova 39
1000 Ljubljana
Slovenia
Robert Vaßen
Forschungszentrum Jülich
Institut für Energieforschung
Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße
52425 Jülich
Germany
Stan Vepek
Technical University Munich
Department of Chemistry
Lichtenbergstr. 4
85747 Garching
Germany
Maritza G.J. Vepek-Heijman
Technical University Munich
Department of Chemistry
Lichtenbergstr. 4
85747 Garching
Germany
Ingolf Voigt
Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems
Michael-Faraday-Str. 1
07629 Hermsdorf
Germany
Marcus Weyd
Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems
Michael-Faraday-Str. 1
07629 Hermsdorf
Germany
Rong-Jun Xie
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba
Ibaraki 305-0044
Japan
Martin Zeuner
Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
Department of Chemistry
Butenandtstrasse 5–13
81377 Munich
Germany
Part One
Structural Applications