Professor of Medicine and Consultant Nephrologist
College of Medicine and Public Health
Flinders University, South Australia;
Division of Medicine, Critical and Cardiac Care
Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia
Associate Professor of Medicine and Consultant Nephrologist
College of Medicine and Public Health
Flinders University, South Australia;
Department of Renal Medicine
Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia
Consultant Nephrologist and General Medicine Physician, Adjunct Senior Lecturer
Department of Medicine
Mackay Base Hospital, Queensland;
College of Medicine and Dentistry
James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
Consultant in General Medicine, Palliative Care and Care of the Elderly, Senior Lecturer
Division of Rehabilitation, Aged Care and Palliative Care
Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia;
College of Medicine and Public Health
Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
This edition first published 2022
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The right of Jonathan Gleadle, Jordan Li, Danielle Wu, and Paul Kleinig to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
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The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Gleadle, Jonathan, author. | Li, Jordan, author. | Wu, Danielle, author. | Kleinig, Paul, author.
Title: How to pass the FRACP written examination / Jonathan Gleadle, Jordan Li, Danielle Wu, Paul Kleinig.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐Blackwell, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021028006 (print) | LCCN 2021028007 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119599500 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119599494 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119599548 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Internal Medicine | Australia | New Zealand | Examination Questions
Classification: LCC RC58 (print) | LCC RC58 (ebook) | NLM WB 18.2 | DDC 616.0076–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021028006
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021028007
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: © magicmine/getty images
This book follows on from the successful ‘Passing the FRACP Written Examination. Questions and Answers’. We were encouraged by the responses of readers and trainees to generate this completely new text. It is similar in style to the first book in providing an array of multiple choice and extended matching questions which follow the current format of the FRACP written examination. Every question is chosen to reflect the RACP core training curriculum. However, this is not just a practice exam paper; it also provides an explanation of the answer with a mini review of the topic with referenced QR code links to the best recent review or relevant article in the area.
We have endeavoured to ground many of the questions in clinically relevant cases recalling Osler ‘He who studies medicine without books sails an uncharted sea, but he who studies medicine without patients does not go to sea at all’ and we have sought to provide coverage of areas of medicine that are new, contemporary, or evolving. We hope that readers will use the book to help them define areas of their own medical knowledge that are incomplete and would benefit from focussed learning and revision. Whilst many of the questions are designed to be similar in level to those in the actual examination, some are specialised or difficult, designed to ‘teach’ particularly important issues, stretch the reader’s knowledge or to draw attention to contemporary topics. Furthermore, these questions often require clinical reasoning with many being two step questions where simple recall of knowledge is insufficient.
Whist the main audience for the book is intended to be Trainees undertaking the FRACP written examination, we hope that it may be useful to physicians seeking to update their knowledge or to undertake other postgraduate examinations.
Questions in the written examination are based on the curriculum and all candidates should familiarise themselves with the RACP curriculum for Basic Physician training, which is available electronically from the College website (https://www.racp.edu.au/docs/default‐source/default‐document‐library/knowledge‐guides‐for‐basic‐trainees‐in‐adult‐internal‐medicine.pdf?sfvrsn=38dc0d1a_4). It is vital to carefully read the most updated examination instructions in any past questions provided by the RACP.
In undertaking the written examination:
We hope that this book will improve your medical knowledge and thereby help you to pass the FRACP examination. Good luck! Clinical practice and biomedical sciences are constantly changing and today’s incontrovertible facts can quickly become outdated when a new trial is published or a new scientific discovery made. Therefore, trainees are strongly encouraged to keep up‐to‐date with their reading and learning, and to check appropriate drug selection, dosage and route of administration. If you have any questions or suggestions, please write to us care of the publisher.
Jonathan Gleadle
Professor of Medicine
College of Medicine and Public Health
Flinders University and Consultant Nephrologist
Flinders Medical Centre
Adelaide, Australia
Jordan Li
Associate Professor of Medicine
College of Medicine and Public Health
Flinders University and Consultant Nephrologist
Flinders Medical Centre
Adelaide, Australia
Danielle Wu
Adjunct Senior Lecturer
College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University and
Consultant Nephrologist and General Physician
Mackay Base Hospital
Queensland, Australia
Paul Kleinig
Clinical Associate Lecturer
College of Medicine and Public Health
Flinders University and Consultant in General Medicine
Palliative Care and Care of the Elderly
Flinders Medical Centre
Adelaide, Australia
We would like to thank many of our colleagues who have made major contributions to this book. We would particularly like to acknowledge Dr Katherine Punshon, Dr Sonia Huang, Dr Naukhez Asif, and Dr Telena Kerkham for contributing questions and review.
We would like to thank Oliver Mountain, Justine Li, our student reviewers, and Jasmin Shuen who all provided meticulous review, editing of the manuscript, references and QR codes. Your contributions were essential in the generation of this book.
Finally, a special thanks to Anne Hunt, Anupama Sreekanth, James Watson, and Mary Malin at Wiley for your support in making this book possible.
We would like to acknowledge the following specialists and advanced trainees for their expertise, comments and reviews of the relevant chapters.
Cardiology
Professor Bill Heddle
Consultant Cardiologist
Department of Cardiology
Flinders Medical Centre and College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University
Critical Care Medicine
Dr Hanmo Li
Senior Registrar, Advanced Trainee in Critical Care Medicine
Intensive and Critical Care Unit
Flinders Medical Centre
Dermatology
Dr Alain Tran
Senior Registrar, Advanced Trainee in Dermatology, Associate Lecturer
Department of Dermatology
Flinders Medical Centre and College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University
Endocrinology
Dr Angela Chen
Consultant Endocrinologist
Department Endocrinology
Flinders Medical Centre
Epidemiology, Statistics and Research
Paul Hakendorf
Manager, Clinical Epidemiology Unit
Flinders Medical Centre
Chris Horwood
Senior Epidemiologist and Data Analyst
Clinical Epidemiology Unit
Flinders Medical Centre
Gastroenterology
Dr Alex Barnes
Consultant Gastroenterologist, Associate Lecturer
Department of Gastroenterology
Flinders Medical Centre and College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University
General and Geriatric Medicine
Dr Pravin Shetty
Consultant General Physician and Senior Lecturer
Department of General Medicine
Flinders Medical Centre and College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University
Genetic Medicine
Associate Professor Karen Lower
Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University
Haematology
Dr Angelina Yong
Consultant Haematologist
Department of Haematology
Lyell McEwin Hospital
Immunology
Dr Claire Reynolds
Senior Registrar, Advanced Trainee in Immunology
Department of Immunology
Flinders Medical Centre
Infectious Disease
Dr Nicholas Anagnostou
Consultant Infectious Disease Physician
Department of Infectious Disease
Flinders Medical Centre
Medical Obstetrics
Dr Jessica Gehlert
Consultant Endocrinologist, Clinical Pharmacologist and Obstetric Medicine
Department of Clinical Pharmacology
Flinders Medical Centre
Medical Oncology
Dr Anna Mislang
Consultant Medical Oncologist
Department of Medical Oncology
Flinders Medical Centre
Mental Health
Professor Michael Baigent
Consultant Psychiatrist
Centre for Anxiety and Related Disorders
Flinders Medical Centre and College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University
Nephrology
Dr Sarah Tan
Senior Registrar, Advanced Trainee in Nephrology, Associate Lecturer
Department of Renal Medicine
Flinders Medical Centre and College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University
Neurology
Associate Professor Tim Kleinig
Consultant Neurologist and Stroke Physician
The Central Adelaide Neurology Service
Royal Adelaide Hospital
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Addiction Medicine
Dr Jessica Gehlert
Consultant Endocrinologist, Clinical Pharmacologist and Obstetric Medicine
Department of Clinical Pharmacology
Flinders Medical Centre
Radiology
Dr Ramon Pathi
Consultant Radiologist
Medical Imaging Services
Flinders Medical Centre
Respiratory and Sleep Medicine
Dr Brendan Dougherty
Consultant Respiratory Physician
Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine
Flinders Medical Centre
Dr Teng Yuan Kang
Senior Registrar, Advanced Trainee in Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Associate Lecturer
Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine
Flinders Medical Centre and College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University
Rheumatology
Associate Professor Mihir Wechalekar
Consultant Rheumatologist
Department of Rheumatology
Flinders Medical Centre and College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University
Dr Anthea Gist
Senior Registrar, Advanced Trainee in Rheumatology
Canberra Hospital, ACT
| AAA | Abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| ABG | Arterial blood gas |
| ACE | Angiotensin‐converting enzyme |
| ACS | Acute coronary syndrome |
| ADH | Antidiuretic hormone |
| AF | Atrial fibrillation |
| AFP | Alpha‐fetoprotein |
| AIDS | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| AKI | Acute kidney injury |
| ALP | Alkaline phosphatase |
| ALT | Alanine aminotransferase |
| ANA | Antinuclear antibody |
| ANCA | Anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody |
| Anti‐CCP | Anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide |
| APTT | Activated partial thromboplastin time |
| ARB | Angiotensin II receptor blocker |
| ARDS | Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| AST | Aspartate aminotransferase |
| ATSI | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander |
| AUC | Area under the curve |
| AXR | Abdominal X‐ray |
| BCC | Basal cell carcinoma |
| Beta‐HCG | Beta human chorionic gonadotropin |
| BGL | Blood glucose level |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| BP | Blood pressure |
| bpm | Beat per minute |
| CABG | Coronary artery bypass grafting |
| CCF | Congestive cardiac failure |
| CFTR | Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator |
| CK | Creatine kinase |
| CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
| CMV | Cytomegalovirus |
| CNS | Central nervous system |
| CPAP | Continuous positive airway pressure |
| CPR | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| COVID‐19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| CRP | C‐reactive protein |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| CT | Computed tomography |
| CTPA | Computed tomography pulmonary angiography |
| CVA | Cerebrovascular accident |
| CVP | Central venous pressure |
| CXR | Chest X‐ray |
| DIC | Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| DKA | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
| DMARDs | Disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| ds‐DNA | Double‐stranded DNA |
| DVT | Deep vein thrombosis |
| eGFR | Estimated glomerular filtration rate |
| EBV | Epstein‐Barr virus |
| ECG | Electrocardiogram |
| ECT | Electroconvulsive therapy |
| EEG | Electroencephalogram |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| ELISA | Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay |
| EMG | Electromyography |
| ENA | Extractable nuclear antigens antibodies |
| ERCP | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| ESKD | End stage kidney disease |
| ESR | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| EUC | Electrolyte, urea, creatinine |
| FBE | Full blood examination |
| FDA | The United States Food and Drug Administration |
| FEV1 | Forced expiratory volume in one second |
| FFP | Fresh frozen plasma |
| FNA | Fine needle aspiration |
| FOBT | Faecal occult blood test |
| G‐CSF | Granulocyte colony stimulating factor |
| GCS | Glasgow Coma Scale |
| GGT | Gamma‐glutamyl transferase |
| GI | Gastrointestinal |
| GORD | Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease |
| GP | General practitioner |
| Hb | Haemoglobin |
| HBV | Hepatitis B virus |
| HCV | Hepatitis C virus |
| HDL | High‐density lipoprotein |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency virus |
| HLA | Human leukocyte antigen |
| HPV | Human papillomavirus |
| HR | Heart rate |
| HRCT | High‐resolution computed tomography |
| HSV | Herpes simplex virus |
| HUS | Haemolytic uremic syndrome |
| IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | Irritable bowel syndrome |
| ICD | Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator |
| ICU | Intensive care unit |
| IDC | indwelling catheter |
| IgA | Immunoglobulin A |
| IHD | Ischaemic heart disease |
| INR | International normalised ratio |
| IV | Intravenous |
| IVIG | Intravenous immunoglobulin |
| JVP | Jugular venous pressure |
| LDH | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| LDL | Low‐density lipoproteins |
| LFTs | Liver function tests |
| MAP | Mean arterial pressure |
| MCV | Mean corpuscular volume |
| MGUS | Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance |
| MHC | Major histocompatibility complex |
| MI | Myocardial infarction |
| MPO | Myeloperoxidase |
| MRCP | Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
| MRSA | Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| NSAIDs | Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs |
| NT‐proBNP | N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide |
| OSA | Obstructive sleep apnoea |
| PBS | Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| PE | Pulmonary embolism |
| PET | Positron emission tomography |
| PFTs | Pulmonary function tests |
| PPI | Proton pump inhibitor |
| PSA | Prostate specific antigen |
| PTH | Parathyroid hormone |
| PVD | Peripheral vascular disease |
| RBC | Red blood cell |
| RCT | Randomised, controlled trial |
| RF | Rheumatoid factor |
| SGLT2 | Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 |
| SIADH | Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion |
| SLE | Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| SSRI | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
| STD | Sexually transmitted disease |
| STEMI | ST‐elevation myocardial infarction |
| TB | Tuberculosis |
| TFTs | Thyroid function tests |
| TIA | Transient ischaemic attack |
| TNF | Tumour necrosis factor |
| TOE | Transoesophageal echocardiogram |
| TSH | Thyroid stimulating hormone |
| TTE | Transthoracic echocardiogram |
| TTP | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
| USS | Ultrasound scan |
| UTI | Urinary tract infection |
| VBG | Venous blood gas |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| VF | Ventricular fibrillation |
| V/Q | Ventilation/Perfusion scan |
| VRE | Vancomycin‐resistant Enterococci |
| VT | Ventricular tachycardia |
| VTE | Venous thromboembolism |
| VZV | Varicella zoster virus |
| WBC | White blood cells |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| Question and answer sections are clearly indicated for quick reference. | ||
| Question sections: |   |
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| Answer sections: |   |
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| Answers are linked to an authoritative reference to supplement your study. Scan the QR code on your mobile device to be taken directly to the reference. |  |
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