200 | Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere John Lin (Ed.) |
201 | Modeling the Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Jospeh D. Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V. Khazanov (Eds.) |
202 | The Mediterranean Sea: Temporal Variability and Spatial Patterns Gian Luca Eusebi Borzelli, Miroslav Gacic, Piero Lionello, and Paola Malanotte‐Rizzoli (Eds.) |
203 | Future Earth – Advancing Civic Understanding of the Anthropocene Diana Dalbotten, Gillian Roehrig, and Patrick Hamilton (Eds.) |
204 | The Galápagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences Karen S. Harpp, Eric Mittelstaedt, Noemi d’Ozouville, and David W. Graham (Eds.) |
205 | Modeling Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows: Insightsfrom Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulations Thomas von Larcher and Paul D. Williams (Eds.) |
206 | Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle Venkat Lakshmi (Ed.) |
207 | Magnetotails in the Solar System Andreas Keiling, Caitriona Jackman, and Peter Delamere (Eds.) |
208 | Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface Rebecca Carey, Valerie Cayol, Michael Poland, and Dominique Weis (Eds.) |
209 | Sea Ice: Physics, Mechanics, and Remote Sensing Mohammed Shokr and Nirmal Sinha (Eds.) |
210 | Fluid Dynamics in Complex Fractured‐Porous Systems Boris Faybishenko, Sally M. Benson, and John E. Gale (Eds.) |
211 | Subduction Dynamics: From Mantle Flow to Mega Disasters Gabriele Morra, David A. Yuen, Scott King, Sang Mook Lee, and Seth Stein (Eds.) |
212 | The Early Earth: Accretion and Differentiation James Badro and Michael Walter (Eds.) |
213 | Global Vegetation Dynamics: Concepts and Applications in the MC1 Model Dominique Bachelet and David Turner (Eds.) |
214 | Extreme Events: Observations, Modeling and Economics Mario Chavez, Michael Ghil, and Jaime Urrutia‐Fucugauchi (Eds.) |
215 | Auroral Dynamics and Space Weather Yongliang Zhang and Larry Paxton (Eds.) |
216 | Low‐Frequency Waves in Space Plasmas Andreas Keiling, Dong‐ Hun Lee, and Valery Nakariakov (Eds.) |
217 | Deep Earth: Physics and Chemistry of the Lower Mantle and Core Hidenori Terasaki and Rebecca A. Fischer (Eds.) |
218 | Integrated Imaging of the Earth: Theory and Applications Max Moorkamp, Peter G. Lelievre, Niklas Linde, and Amir Khan (Eds.) |
219 | Plate Boundaries and Natural Hazards Joao Duarte and Wouter Schellart (Eds.) |
220 | Ionospheric Space Weather: Longitude and HemisphericDependences and Lower Atmosphere Forcing Timothy Fuller‐Rowell, Endawoke Yizengaw, Patricia H. Doherty, and Sunanda Basu (Eds.) |
221 | Terrestrial Water Cycle and Climate Change Natural and Human‐Induced Impacts Qiuhong Tang and Taikan Oki (Eds.) |
222 | Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling in the Solar System Charles R. Chappell, Robert W. Schunk, Peter M. Banks, James L. Burch, and Richard M. Thorne (Eds.) |
223 | Natural Hazard Uncertainty Assessment: Modeling and Decision Support Karin Riley, Peter Webley, and Matthew Thompson (Eds.) |
224 | Hydrodynamics of Time‐Periodic Groundwater Flow: Diffusion Waves in Porous Media Joe S. Depner and Todd C. Rasmussen (Auth.) |
225 | Active Global Seismology Ibrahim Cemen and Yucel Yilmaz (Eds.) |
226 | Climate Extremes Simon Wang (Ed.) |
227 | Fault Zone Dynamic Processes Marion Thomas (Ed.) |
228 | Flood Damage Survey and Assessment: New Insights from Research and Practice Daniela Molinari, Scira Menoni, and Francesco Ballio (Eds.) |
229 | Water‐Energy‐Food Nexus – Principles and Practices P. Abdul Salam, Sangam Shrestha, Vishnu Prasad Pandey, and Anil K Anal (Eds.) |
230 | Dawn–Dusk Asymmetries in Planetary Plasma Environments Stein Haaland, Andrei Rounov, and Colin Forsyth (Eds.) |
231 | Bioenergy and Land Use Change Zhangcai Qin, Umakant Mishra, and Astley Hastings (Eds.) |
232 | Microstructural Geochronology: Planetary Records Down to Atom Scale Desmond Moser, Fernando Corfu, James Darling, Steven Reddy, and Kimberly Tait (Eds.) |
233 | Global Flood Hazard: Applications in Modeling, Mapping and Forecasting Guy Schumann, Paul D. Bates, Giuseppe T. Aronica, and Heiko Apel (Eds.) |
234 | Pre‐Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies Dimitar Ouzounov, Sergey Pulinets, Katsumi Hattori, and Patrick Taylor (Eds.) |
235 | Electric Currents in Geospace and Beyond Andreas Keiling, Octav Marghitu, and Michael Wheatland (Eds.) |
236 | Quantifying Uncertainty in Subsurface Systems Celine Scheidt, Lewis Li, and Jef Caers (Eds.) |
237 | Petroleum Engineering Moshood Sanni (Ed.) |
238 | Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Stephanie Vialle, Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin, and J. William Carey (Eds.) |
239 | Lithospheric Discontinuities Huaiyu Yuan and Barbara Romanowicz (Eds.) |
240 | Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Eras Alcides N.Sial, Claudio Gaucher, Muthuvairavasamy Ramkumar, and Valderez Pinto Ferreira (Eds.) |
241 | Mathematical Geoenergy:Discovery, Depletion, and Renewal Paul Pukite, Dennis Coyne, and Daniel Challou (Eds.) |
242 | Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation Sophie Decree and Laurence Robb (Eds.) |
243 | Kuroshio Current: Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Dynamics Takeyoshi Nagai, Hiroaki Saito, Koji Suzuki, and Motomitsu Takahashi (Eds.) |
244 | Geomagnetically Induced Currents from the Sun to the Power Grid Jennifer L. Gannon, Andrei Swidinsky, and Zhonghua Xu (Eds.) |
245 | Shale: Subsurface Science and Engineering Thomas Dewers, Jason Heath, and Marcelo Sánchez (Eds.) |
246 | Submarine Landslides: Subaqueous Mass Transport Deposits From Outcrops to Seismic Profiles Kei Ogata, Andrea Festa, and Gian Andrea Pini (Eds.) |
247 | Iceland: Tectonics, Volcanics, and Glacial Features Tamie J. Jovanelly |
248 | Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions Qiugang Zong, Philippe Escoubet, David Sibeck, Guan Le, and Hui Zhang (Eds.) |
249 | Carbon in Earth’s Interior Craig E. Manning, Jung‐Fu Lin, and Wendy L. Mao (Eds.) |
250 | Nitrogen Overload: Environmental Degradation, Ramifications, and Economic Costs Brian G. Katz |
251 | Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impact Katerina Dontsova, Zsuzsanna Balogh‐Brunstad, and Gaël Le Roux (Eds.) |
252 | Seismoelectric Exploration: Theory, Experiments, and Applications Niels Grobbe, André Revil, Zhenya Zhu, and Evert Slob (Eds.) |
Editors
Michael J. McPhaden
Agus Santoso
Wenju Cai
This Work is a co-publication of the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
This Work is a co‐publication between the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: McPhaden, Michael J., editor.
Title: El Niño southern oscillation in a changing climate / Michael J. McPhaden, Agus Santoso, Wenju Cai.
Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐American Geophysical Union, 2020. | Series: Geophysical monograph series | Includes index. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020028098 (print) | LCCN 2020028099 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119548126 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119548119 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119548157 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: El Niño Current. | Climatic changes. | Ocean‐atmosphere interaction.
Classification: LCC GC296.8.E4 E58 2020 (print) | LCC GC296.8.E4 (ebook) | DDC 551.5/24648–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020028098
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020028099
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)
Soon‐Il An
Department of Atmospheric Sciences
Yonsei University
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Karumuri Ashok
Centre for Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences
University of Hyderabad
Hyderabad, India
Magdalena A. Balmaseda
European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts
Reading, UK
Arnaud Bertrand
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD),
MARBEC (Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD)
Sète, France
Richard A. Betts
Met Office Hadley Centre
Exeter, UK; and
Global Systems Institute
University of Exeter
Exeter, UK
Julien Boucharel
LEGOS‐CNRS, University of Toulouse
Toulouse, France
Chantelle A. Burton
Met Office Hadley Centre
Exeter, UK
Wenju Cai
Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research
(CSHOR)
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; and
Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies,
Ocean University of China and
Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
Qingdao, China
Suzana J. Camargo
Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory
Columbia University
Palisades, New York, USA
Antonietta Capotondi
University of Colorado, CIRES
Boulder, Colorado, USA; and
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory
Boulder, Colorado, USA
Johnny C. L. Chan
Guy Carpenter Asia‐Pacific Climate Impact Centre
School of Energy and Environment
City University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong, China
Savin Chand
Centre for Informatics and Applied Optimization
Federation University Australia
Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
Ping Chang
Department of Oceanography and Department of Atmospheric Sciences
Texas A&M University College Station, Texas, USA
Han‐Ching Chen
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, SOEST
University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
Danielle C. Claar
School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences University of Washington
Seattle, Washington, USA
Kim M. Cobb
Department of Earth Sciences & TechnologyGeorgia
Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Julia E. Cole
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Mat Collins
College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences
University of Exeter
Exeter, UK
Sophie Cravatte
Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie
Spatiales (LEGOS), IRD, CNES, CNRS, UPS
Toulouse, France
Clara Deser
NCAR, Climate and Global Dynamics Division
Boulder, Colorado, USA
Boris Dewitte
Centro de Estudios Avanzado en Zonas Áridas
(CEAZA);
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del
Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte;
Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable
Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI)
Coquimbo, Chile; and
Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et
Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), IRD, CNES,
CNRS, UPS
Toulouse, France
Dietmar Dommenget
School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes
Monash University
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Yan Du
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese
Academy of Sciences
Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing, China; and
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong
Laboratory
Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Mary Elliot
Université de Nantes, LPG (UMR6112)
Nantes, France
Julien Emile‐Geay
Department of Earth Sciences
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California, USA
Alexey V. Fedorov
Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut, USA; and
LOCEAN‐IPSL, Sorbonne University
Paris, France
Richard A. Feely
NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
Seattle, Washington, USA
Severine Fournier
NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California, USA
Catherine Ganter
Australian Bureau of Meteorology
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Licheng Geng
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, SOEST
University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
Alexander Gershunov
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of California–San Diego
La Jolla, California, USA
Lisa Goddard
International Research Institute for Climate and Society
Columbia University
Palisades, New York, USA
Eric Guilyardi
LOCEAN‐IPSL, CNRS/Sorbonne University/IRD/MNHN
Paris, France; and
NCAS‐Climate, University of Reading
Reading, UK
Yoo‐Geun Ham
Department of Oceanography
Chonnam National University
Gwangju, Republic of Korea
Michiya Hayashi
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, SOEST
University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA;
Now at Center for Global Environmental Research
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Alistair J. Hobday
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Neil J. Holbrook
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies
University of Tasmania Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;
and
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes
University of Tasmania Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Shineng Hu
Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory
Columbia University
Palisades, New York, USA
Fei‐Fei Jin
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, SOEST
University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
Met Office Hadley Centre
Exeter, UK
Christina Karamperidou
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, SOEST
University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
Myriam Khodri
LOCEAN‐IPSL, IRD/Sorbonne Université/CNRS/MNHN
Paris, France
Hidetada Kiyofuji
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries Japan
Fisheries Research and Education Agency
Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
Phil Klotzbach
Department of Atmospheric Science
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Jong‐Seong Kug
Division of Environmental Science & Engineering
Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
Pohang, Republic of Korea
Michelle L. L’Heureux
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center
College Park, Maryland, USA
Tong Lee
NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California, USA
Sun‐Seon Lee
Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science
Busan, Republic of Korea; and
Pusan National University
Busan, Republic of Korea
Patrick Lehodey
Collecte Localisation Satellite, 11 rue Hermès
31520 Ramonville St Agne, France
Matthieu Lengaigne
LOCEAN‐IPSL, Sorbonne Universités/UPMC‐CNRS‐IRD‐MNHN
Paris, France; and
MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS,
IFREMER, IRD
Sète, France
Aaron F. Z. Levine
Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington
Seattle, Washington, USA
Tim Li
Department of Atmospheric Sciences/IPRC
University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
I‐I Lin
Department of Atmospheric Sciences
National Taiwan University
Taipei, Taiwan
Jing‐Jia Luo
Institute for Climate and Application Research (ICAR)/
CICFEM/KLME/ILCEC
Nanjing University of Information Science and
Technology
Nanjing, China
Nicola Maher
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
Hamburg, Germany
Sam McClatchie
38 Upland Rd, Huia
Auckland 0604, New Zealand
Shayne McGregor
School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, and
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes,
Monash University
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Kathleen L. McInnes
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Michael J. McPhaden
NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
Seattle, Washington, USA
Christophe E. Menkès
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
ENTROPIE (IRD/CNRS/Univ. La Réunion)
Nouméa, New Caledonia
Matthew Newman
Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental
Sciences
University of Colorado; and
NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division
Boulder, Colorado, USA
Masamichi Ohba
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Chiba, Japan
Yuko M. Okumura
Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences
The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas, USA
Eric C. J. Oliver
Department of Oceanography
Dalhousie University
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Christina M. Patricola
Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Berkeley, California, USA; and
Iowa State UniversityAmes, Iowa, USA
Francesco S. R. Pausata
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
University of Quebec in Montreal
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Graham Pilling
The Pacific Community (SPC), BP D5
Noumea, New Caledonia
Jeffrey Polovina
196 Pauahilani Pl.
Kailua, Hawai’i, USA
Scott Power
Australian Bureau of Meteorology
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, and
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes
Monash University
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Regina R. Rodrigues
Department of Oceanography
Federal University of Santa Catarina
Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Agus Santoso
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes and
Climate Change Research Centre
University of New South Wales
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research
(CSHOR),
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Alexander Sen Gupta
Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of
Excellence for Climate Extremes
University of New South Wales
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Janet Sprintall
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of California–San Diego
La Jolla, California, USA
Samantha Stevenson
Bren School of Environmental Science &
Management
University of California Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara, California, USA
Timothy N. Stockdale
European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather
Forecasts
Reading, UK
Malte F. Stuecker
Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic ScienceBusan, Republic of Korea; andPusan National UniversityBusan, Republic of Korea
Now at Department of Oceanography and
International Pacific Research Center
University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
Ken Takahashi
Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del
Perú—SENAMHI
Lima, Peru
Andrèa S. Taschetto
Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of
Excellence for Climate Extremes
University of New South Wales
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Sulian Thual
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences/Department of
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
Fudan University
Shanghai, China
Axel Timmermann
Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science
Busan, Republic of Korea; and
Pusan National University
Busan, Republic of Korea
Michael K. Tippett
Department of Applied Physics and Applied
Mathematics
Columbia University
New York, USA
Desiree Tommasi
Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta Cruz, California, USA; and NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science CenterLa Jolla, California, USA
Kevin E. Trenberth
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Boulder, Colorado, USA
Eli Tziperman
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Caroline C. Ummenhofer
Department of Physical Oceanography Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; and
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes
University of New South Wales
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Jerome Vialard
LOCEAN‐IPSL, CNRS/Sorbonne Université/IRD/MNHN
Paris, France
Bin Wang
Department of Atmospheric Sciences
University of Hawai’i
Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
Guojian Wang
Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research
(CSHOR)
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; and
Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for
Advanced Ocean Studies
Ocean University of China and Qingdao National
Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
Qingdao, China
Matthew J. Widlansky
Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research
School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
Andy J. Wiltshire
Met Office Hadley Centre
Exeter, UK; and
Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter
Exeter, UK
Andrew T. Wittenberg
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Lixin Wu
Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for
Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China
and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science
and Technology
Qingdao, China
Ruihuang Xie
Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves
Institute of Oceanology
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qingdao, China
Sang‐Wook Yeh
Department of Marine Science and Convergent
Technology
Hanyang University
Ansan, Republic of Korea
Jin‐Yi Yu
Department of Earth System Science
University of California–Irvine
Irvine, California, USA
Kyung‐Sook Yun
Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science
Busan, Republic of Korea; and
Pusan National University
Busan, Republic of Korea
Xuebin Zhang
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Sen Zhao
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, SOEST
University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
Feng Zhu
Department of Earth Sciences
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California, USA
Each of the 21 chapters in this book was peer reviewed by at least two experts in the field before acceptance for publication. We would like to recognize those individuals, listed below, who participated in this process. We are indebted to them for their willingness to offer thoughtful and constructive critiques of submitted manuscripts. Their efforts have assured that material presented in this book is up to date, of the highest quality, and of the greatest relevance.
Soon‐Il An | Andrew Lenton |
Magdalena Balmaseda | Michelle L’Heureux |
Julien Boucharel | Janice Lough |
Antonietta Capotondi | Jing‐Jia Luo |
Matthieu Carré | Shayne McGregor |
Bo Christiansen | Christophe Menkès |
Mat Collins | Kathy Pegion |
Boris Dewitte | Scott Power |
Pedro DiNezio | Hamish Ramsay |
Dietmar Dommenget | Harun Rashid |
Alexey Fedorov | Alex Sen Gupta |
Ming Feng | Toshiaki Shinoda |
Yoo‐Geun Ham | Georgiy Stenchikov |
Neil Holbrook | Malte Stuecker |
Shineng Hu | Ken Takahashi |
Sarah Ineson | Pascal Terray |
Nathaniel Johnson | Caroline Ummenhofer |
Karumuri Ashok | Kevin Walsh |
Jin‐Soo Kim | Yan Xue |
Andrew King | Jin‐Yi Yu |
Mojib Latif | Dongliang Yuan |