Cover
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
About the Companion Website
1 Why, How, Who, and What
1. WHY USE THIS BOOK
2. HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
3. WHO SHOULD USE THIS BOOK
4. WHAT ARE THE PARAMETERS OF THIS BOOK
5. ORGANIZATION
6. EXERCISES
7. COMPANION WEBSITE
2 Mindset
1. THE HOLOCENE AND THE AGE OF AGRICULTURE
2. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT
3. ENVIRONMENTALISM AND THE AGE OF INFORMATION
4. REALIZATIONS OF THE HISTORIC SUSTAINABILITY EVENTS TIMELINE
5. THINKING AND SEEING FROM MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES
6. INTEGRAL SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
7. THE FOUR PERSPECTIVES OF INTEGRAL SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8. LEARNING FROM THE PAST: GENERAL RULES
9. SPACE AND SCALE
10. THE INTEGRATIVE DESIGN PROCESS
11. NOTE
3 Step 1: Context
1. THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN BASICS METHODOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW
2. STEP 1: CONTEXT
3. STEP 1A: PROJECT INFORMATION
4. STEP 1B: GUIDING PRINCIPLES
5. STEP 1C: MACRO CONTEXT AND MICRO CONTEXT
6. STEP 1D: SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS
4 Step 2 Pre‐Planning
1. RESEARCH AND ORGANIZATION
2. STEP 2A: CASE STUDY
3. STEP 2B: PROJECT GOALS
4. STEP 2C: CRITERIA MATRIX
5. STEP 2D: RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMS
6. FURTHER READING
5 Step 3: Design
1. WHOLE BUILDING THINKING, SYSTEMS THINKING
2. 3A PRELIMINARY DESIGN
3. FURTHER READING
6 Step 3B: Passive Design
1. WHAT IS PASSIVE DESIGN?
2. KEY ELEMENTS OF PASSIVE DESIGN
3. PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
4. PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING
5. PASSIVE COOLING AND NATURAL VENTILATION
6. WATER CONSERVATION AND RAINWATER HARVESTING
7. PASSIVE DESIGN VALIDATION
8. FURTHER READING
7 Step 3B: Passive Design, Daylighting
1. DAYLIGHTING
2. FURTHER READING
8 Step 3C: Building Envelope
1. WHAT IS THE BUILDING ENVELOPE?
2. FUNCTIONS
3. THE BUILDING ENVELOPE IN THE SDB METHODOLOGY
4. BUILDING ENVELOPE AND MACROCLIMATE
5. BUILDING STRUCTURE AND THE BUILDING ENVELOPE
6. BUILDING FOUNDATIONS
7. EXTERIOR WALL ASSEMBLY
8. WINDOWS
9. ROOF SYSTEMS
10. VALIDATION, SYNERGIES, AND SYNTHESIS OF DESIGN
11. FURTHER READING
9 Step 3D: Green Materials
1. BASICS
2. EVALUATION
3. OVERARCHING OBJECTIVES
4. MATERIAL AND PRODUCT RESOURCES
5. A WARNING ABOUT GREENWASHING
6. FURTHER READING
7. NOTES
10 Step 4: Design Resolution
1. STEP 4A: FINAL DESIGN SYNTHESIS
2. STEP 4B: FINAL DESIGN VALIDATION
3. STEP 4C: PRESENTING THE PROJECT
11 Demonstration Project
1. STEP 1: CONTEXT
2. STEP 2: PRE‐PLANNING
3. STEP 3: DESIGN
12 Beyond the Basics
1. ACTIVE SYSTEMS
2. PV ARRAY SIZING AND NET‐ZERO ENERGY
13 Design Resolution
1. FINAL DESIGN SYNTHESIS
2. FINAL VALIDATION
3. CONCLUSION
14 Demonstration Project: Final Presentation
1. STEP 1: PROJECT INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT
2. STEP 2: PRE‐PLANNING
3. CONCLUSION
15 Exercises
1. SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN EXERCISES
2. CHOICE 1: CLIENT DETAILS
3. CHOICE 2: SITE SELECTION AND MACRO CLIMATE
4. CHOICE 3: MACRO CONTEXT DETAILS
5. CHOICE 4: NEW BUILDING OR EXISTING BUILDING
6. EXERCISES
Appendix A: Demonstration Project Program, Climate, and Context Resources
1. STEP 1A: PROJECT INTRODUCTION
2. STEP 1C MACRO AND MICRO CONTEXT
3. STEP 1D SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS
Appendix B: Forms and Matrices
Appendix C: Energy Modeling Software
1. NOTES ABOUT ENERGY AND DAYLIGHTING SIMULATION
2. SEFAIRA
3. RHINO ARCHITECTURAL SOFTWARE
4. OPEN STUDIO
5. IES (INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS)
6. EQUEST
7. REVIT GREEN BUILDING STUDIO BY AUTODESK
8. NOTE
Appendix D: Abbreviations and Acronyms
Appendix E: Green Building Standards, Codes and Rating Systems
1. THE ROLE OF CODES AND STANDARDS
2. THE ROLE OF RATING SYSTEMS
3. GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS, CODES AND RATING SYSTEMS
Bibliography
1. WEBSITES, CALCULATORS, AND ONLINE TOOLS
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 3
1. TABLE 3.1 GUIDING PRINCIPLES MATRIX/BLANK
2. TABLE 3.2 SETTLEMENT PATTERN CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPLICATIONS
3. TABLE 3.3 MACRO CLIMATE ZONES CATEGORIES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND IMPLICATIONS...
4. TABLE 3.4 MACROSCALE SITE CONSIDERATIONS
5. TABLE 3.5 MICROSCALE SITE CONSIDERATIONS
6. TABLE 3.6 SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS MATRIX FORM
Chapter 4
1. TABLE 4.1 CASE STUDY MATRIX
2. TABLE 4.2 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES MATRIX
3. TABLE 4.3 CRITERIA MATRIX INTERIORS FORM
4. TABLE 4.4 CRITERIA MATRIX BUILDING AND SITE FORM
Chapter 5
1. TABLE 5.1 BUILDING LOCATION: DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN IDEAS.
2. TABLE 5.2 BUILDING ORIENTATION: DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN IDEAS
3. TABLE 5.3 BLOCK PLAN: DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN IDEAS
4. TABLE 5.4 BUILDING SHAPE: DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN IDEAS
5. TABLE 5.5 BUILDING MASS: ASPECT RATIO, BUILDING SHAPE TO BUILDING AREA
6. TABLE 5.6 BUILDING MASS: DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN IDEAS
Chapter 6
1. TABLE 6.1 PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING, DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN IDEAS
2. TABLE 6.2 WINDOW SHADING STRATEGIES
3. TABLE 6.3 PASSIVE COOLING DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN IDEAS
Chapter 7
1. Table 7.1 DAYLIGHT: DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN IDEAS
Chapter 8
1. TABLE 8.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE DESIGN STRATEGIES BY MACROCLIMATE
2. TABLE 8.2 COMPARATIVE BUILDING STRUCTURE SYSTEMS
3. TABLE 8.3 BUILDING STRUCTURE DESIGN OBJECTIVES/DESIGN IDEAS
4. TABLE 8.4 EXTERIOR WALL ASSEMBLY: DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN IDEAS
5. TABLE 8.5 WINDOW DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN IDEAS
6. TABLE 8.6 SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES THAT AFFECT ROOF FORM
7. TABLE 8.7 ROOF FORM: DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN IDEAS
Chapter 9
1. TABLE 9.1 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A DESIGN OBJECTIVE (GOAL) AND THE DESIGN ID...
Chapter 10
1. TABLE 10.1 FINAL VALIDATION MATRIX: PROJECT GOALS
2. TABLE 10.2 FINAL VALIDATION MATRIX: GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Chapter 11
1. TABLE 11.1 GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
2. TABLE 11.2 MACROCLIMATE FOR THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
3. TABLE 11.3 URBAN CONTEXT FOR THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4. TABLE 11.4 SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS MATRIX
5. TABLE 11.5 CASE STUDY RESEARCH OUTLINE.
6. TABLE 11.6 CASE STUDY MATRIX EXAMPLE
7. TABLE 11.7 PROJECT GOALS MATRIX
8. TABLE 11.8 CRITERIA MATRIX, INTERIOR
Chapter 12
1. TABLE 12.1 BLANK PV ARRAY CALCULATOR
2. TABLE 12.2 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY SIZING INFORMATION BASED ON EXAMINATION O...
3. TABLE 12.3 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY SIZING INFORMATION FOR THE ADDITIONAL PV ...
4. TABLE 12.4 WATER BASELINE FOR THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
5. TABLE 12.5 WATER USE AFTER WATER‐EFFICIENT FIXTURES
6. TABLE 12.6 CISTERN SIZING CHART
7. TABLE 12.7 FINAL WATER SAVINGS
Chapter 13
1. TABLE 13.1 PROJECT GOALS MATRIX
2. TABLE 13.2 WATER SAVINGS VALIDATION
3. TABLE 13.3 FINAL VALIDATION MATRIX
4. TABLE 13.4 FINAL VALIDATION GUIDING PRINCIPLES MATRIX
Chapter 15
1. TABLE 15.1 BUILDING PROGRAM OPTIONS
2. TABLE 15.2 GENERIC CRITERIA MATRIX
3. TABLE 15.3 SPECIFIC SITES IN DIFFERENT CLIMATES.
Appendix B
1. TABLE B.1 PROJECT INFORMATION.
2. TABLE B.2 GUIDING PRINCIPLES MATRIX.
3. TABLE B.3 SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS MATRIX.
4. TABLE B.4 CASE STUDY MATRIX.
5. TABLE B.5 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES MATRIX.
6. TABLE B.6 CRITERIA MATRIX: BUILDING INTERIOR.
7. TABLE B.7 CRITERIA MATRIX BUILDING AND SITE.
8. TABLE B.8 VALIDATION MATRIX: FINAL DESIGN, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.
9. TABLE B.9 VALIDATION MATRIX: FINAL DESIGN, GUIDING PRINCIPLES.

List of Illustrations

Chapter 2
1. Figure 2.0 John Elkington's triple bottom line framework
2. Figure 2.1 Nested triple bottom line diagram
3. Figure 2.2 A linear mindset
4. Figure 2.3 Cyclical, holistic mindset
5. Figure 2.4 Four perspectives: holistic design, looking outward, and looking in...
6. Figure 2.5 Thinking across time: past, present, and future
7. Figure 2.6 Think across scales
8. Figure 2.7 Integrated design team
Chapter 3
1. Figure 3.0 Sustainable Design Basics, step 1
2. Figure 3.1 Sun position and path, altitude and azimuth
3. Figure 3.2 How to read a polar solar chart
4. Figure 3.3 How to calculate sun shadows
5. Figure 3.4 How to read a wind rose
6. Figure 3.5 How to calculate plumbing fixture water usage
7. Figure 3.6 How to calculate rainwater runoff
Chapter 4
1. Figure 4.0 Sustainable Design Basics, step 2
2. Figure 4.1 Relationship diagram examples
Chapter 5
1. Figure 5.0 Sustainable Design Basics, step 3
2. Figure 5.1 Preliminary design matrix
3. Figure 5.2 Validation matrix
4. Figure 5.3 Settlement patterns
5. Figure 5.4 Sun path
6. Figure 5.5 Building block plan example
7. Figure 5.6 Block plan: microclimate and context
8. Figure 5.7 Block plan: sun path and glare
9. Figure 5.8 Block plan: daylight zones
10. Figure 5.9 Building mass: increased floor‐to‐floor height
11. Figure 5.10 Building mass and site utilization
12. Figure 5.11 Building mass: (a) Single‐story setback; (b) Multistory setback...
13. Figure 5.12 Preliminary design validation matrix
Chapter 6
1. Figure 6.0 Sustainable Design Basics, step 3
2. Figure 6.1 Introduction to passive solar heating. Passive heating is a vehicle...
3. Figure 6.2 Direct solar heat gain
4. Figure 6.3 Sunspaces and solar heat gain
5. Figure 6.4 Thermal mass and solar heat gain
6. Figure 6.5 Buffer spaces and solar heat gain
7. Figure 6.6 Tombe wall and solar heat gain
8. Figure 6.7 Double skin facade and solar heat gain
9. Figure 6.8 Passive solar heating/microclimate
10. Figure 6.9 Passive cooling and natural ventilation
11. Figure 6.10 Passive cooling: windows
12. Figure 6.11 Passive cooling: building void
13. Figure 6.12 Passive cooling: cross ventilation
14. Figure 6.13 Passive cooling: stack effect
15. Figure 6.14 Passive cooling: double skin facade (DSF)
16. Figure 6.15 Passive cooling: roof venting
17. Figure 6.16 Passive cooling: cool roof
18. Figure 6.17 Passive cooling: vegetative roof
19. Figure 6.18 Passive cooling: earth tubes
20. Figure 6.19 Passive cooling: chilled beam
21. Figure 6.20 Passive cooling: evaporative cooling
22. Figure 6.21 Passive cooling: night purge
23. Figure 6.22 Passive cooling: window shade
24. Figure 6.23 Wind speed and topography
25. Figure 6.24 Natural ventilation through cross circulation
26. Figure 6.25 Rainwater, sloped roof
27. Figure 6.26 Rainwater, cistern
Chapter 7
1. Figure 7.0 Sustainable Design Basics, step 3
2. Figure 7.1 Effective daylight zones in section
3. Figure 7.2 Effective daylight zone extents in plan
4. Figure 7.3 Daylight and building orientation
5. Figure 7.4 Daylight and building void
6. Figure 7.5 Daylight and high ceilings
7. Figure 7.6 Daylight and sloped ceilings
8. Figure 7.7 Daylight depth
9. Figure 7.8 Daylight and vision glazing
10. Figure 7.9 Daylight and horizontal shading
11. Figure 7.10 Daylight and vertical shading
12. Figure 7.11 Daylight and landscape shading
13. Figure 7.12 Daylight and light shelf
14. Figure 7.13 Daylight and clerestory
15. Figure 7.14 Daylight and sawtooth roof
16. Figure 7.15 Daylight and roof monitor
17. Figure 7.16 Daylight and skylight
18. Figure 7.17 Daylight and double facade
19. Figure 7.18 Daylight and integral shading
20. Figure 7.19 Daylight and interior scale
Chapter 8
1. Figure 8.0 Sustainable Design Basics, step 3C
2. Figure 8.1 Introduction to the building envelope
3. Figure 8.2 Building foundation
4. Figure 8.3 Wall assembly composite R‐value
5. Figure 8.4 Window performance label
6. Figure 8.5 Windows: exterior shading
Chapter 9
1. Figure 9.0 Sustainable Design Basics, step 3
Chapter 10
1. Figure 10.0 Sustainable Design Basics, step 4
2. Figure 10.1 Passive Design Synthesis Matrix with completion instruction
3. Figure 10.2 Preliminary Design Validation Matrix with completion direction
Chapter 11
1. Figure 11.0 The four steps of Sustainable Design Basics
2. Figure 11.1 Overview of the Sustainable Design Basics methodology
3. Figure 11.2 Demonstration project location map: global, urban, and district sc...
4. Figure 11.3 Project location within East Falls
5. Figure 11.4 Site inventory: performance perspective
6. Figure 11.5 Site inventory: systems perspective
7. Figure 11.6 Site inventory: cultures perspective
8. Figure 11.7 Site inventory: experience perspective
9. Figure 11.8 Site analysis
10. Figure 11.9 Case study thumbnails
11. Figure 11.10 Relationship diagrams
12. Figure 11.11 Design matrix: building location and site integration
13. Figure 11.12 Design matrix: building orientation
14. Figure 11.13 Design matrix: building block plan
15. Figure 11.14 Building shape and space plan matrix
16. Figure 11.15 Demonstration project preliminary design validation
17. Figure 11.16 Preliminary design synthesis
18. Figure 11.17 Passive heating design matrix
19. Figure 11.18 Passive cooling and natural ventilation design matrix
20. Figure 11.19 Passive design: daylighting design matrix
21. Figure 11.20 Passive design validation matrix
22. Figure 11.21 Passive design: design synthesis
23. Figure 11.22 Building envelope: building structure design matrix
24. Figure 11.23 Building envelope: walls design matrix
25. Figure 11.24 Building envelope: windows design matrix
26. Figure 11.25 Building envelope: roofs design matrix
27. Figure 11.26 Building Envelope: Validation Matrix
28. Figure 11.27 Building Envelope: Design Synthesis
Chapter 12
1. Figure 12.0 The four steps of Sustainable Design Basics
2. Figure 12.1 EUI after lighting and equipment improvements
3. Figure 12.2 EUI after each step in the demonstration project
4. Figure 12.3 EUI before including the PV array
5. Figure 12.4 Roof plan with PV array area defined
6. Figure 12.5 EUI of the demonstration project after PV calculation
7. Figure 12.6 Roof plan with additional PV array area defined
8. Figure 12.7 EUI of demonstration project after the addition of a second PV arr...
9. Figure 12.8 Rainwater collection area
Chapter 13
1. Figure 13.0 The four steps of Sustainable Design Basics
2. Figure 13.1 Sketch of the aerial view of the demonstration project
3. Figure 13.2 Final district plan
4. Figure 13.3 District scale site section
5. Figure 13.4 Final site plan
6. Figure 13.5 Final site section
7. Figure 13.6 Final space plan
8. Figure 13.7 Final building section
9. Figure 13.8 Energy modeling results before the addition of photovoltaics
10. Figure 13.9 Energy modeling results after the addition of photovoltaics
11. Figure 13.10 Daylight factor
12. Figure 13.11 Daylighting image from Sefaira, March 21, 3 p.m.
13. Figure 13.12 Ecological integration validation drawing
Chapter 14
1. Figure 14.0 Sustainable Design Basics, step 4
2. Figure 14.1 Guiding principles sample slide
3. Figure 14.2 Site inventory sample slide
4. Figure 14.3 Case study key takeaways sample slide
5. Figure 14.4 Design criteria key takeaways sample slide
6. Figure 14.5 Design synthesis sample slide
7. Figure 14.6 District plan sample slide
8. Figure 14.7 Site section sample slide
9. Figure 14.8 Floor plan sample slide
10. Figure 14.9 EUI countdown sample slide
11. Figure 14.10 Daylight validation sample slide
12. Figure 14.11 Ecological integration sample slide
13. Figure 14.12 Guiding principles validation sample slide
Chapter 15
1. Figure 15.0 The four steps of Sustainable Design Basics
2. Figure 15.1 Generic site for exercises
3. Figure 15.2 Existing building drawings
Appendix A
1. Figure A.1 Solar Chart, Philadelphia Pennsylvania
2. Figure A.2 Sun Chart of Philadelphia, Summer Solstice: June 21; highest sun an...
3. Figure A.3 Wind Rose, Philadelphia PA 19129. Summer wind direction: southwest;...
Appendix B
1. Figure B.1 Preliminary Design Matrix: Building Location
2. Figure B.2 Preliminary Design Matrix: Building Orientation
3. Figure B.3 Preliminary Design Matrix: Building Block Diagram
4. Figure B.4 Preliminary Design Matrix: Building Shape and Block Plan
5. Figure B.5 Validation Matrix: Step 3A Preliminary Design
6. Figure B.6 Design Synthesis: Step 3A Preliminary Design
7. Figure B.7 Passive Design Matrix: Heating
8. Figure B.8 Passive Design Matrix: Natural Cooling and Ventilation
9. Figure B.9 Passive Design Matrix: Daylighting
10. Figure B.10 Validation Matrix: Step 3B Passive Design
11. Figure B.11 Design Synthesis: Step 3B Passive Design
12. Figure B.12 Building Envelope Design Matrix: Structure
13. Figure B.13 Building Envelope Design Matrix: Walls
14. Figure B.14 Building Envelope Design Matrix: Windows
15. Figure B.15 Building Envelope Design Matrix: Roof
16. Figure B.16 Validation Matrix: Step 3C Building Envelope
17. Figure B.17 Design Synthesis: Step 3C Building Envelope

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Cover design: Wiley
Cover Illustrations: Sharon B. Jaffe

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Karlen, Mark, author. | Jaffe, Sharon B., 1958‐ author. | Fleming, Rob (Robert Michael), author. | Roberts, Saglinda, author.

Title: Sustainable design basics / Mark Karlen, Ph.D., AIA, NCIDQ; Sharon B. Jaffe, LEED AP ID + C, IIDA, NCIDQ; Rob Fleming, AIA, LEED AP BD+C; Saglinda H. Roberts, ASID, CID, LEED Green Associate.

Description: Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley, [2020] | Includes index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2019027145 (print) | LCCN 2019027146 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119443735 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119443803 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119443841 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Sustainable design—Textbooks.

Classification: LCC NK1520 K37. 2020 (print) | LCC NK1520 (ebook) | DDC 745.4—dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019027145

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019027146

Acknowledgments

Much like the sustainable design process, this textbook, Sustainable Design Basics, and the new methodology it presents is the result of collaborative efforts. We are grateful for the knowledge, insight, talent, and time of all of those who contributed to this process. Special thanks and acknowledgment are due to the following:

Thomas Jefferson University. The methodology presented is in large part a response to, and developed for, the use in master's in sustainable design studio courses at the university.

Our students in the master's in sustainable design program at Thomas Jefferson University whose honest and detailed feedback on the SDB methodology, even when less than favorable, helped us evaluate, revise, and refine the methodology presented in this text. Particular thanks to Abhiri Khisty, Jaspreet (JP) Bullar, Surabhi Khanderia, Rupali Gadagkar, and Shane Clark for their consistent work and positive spirit, Arpita Ganti for her enthusiasm and early SketchUp work and Keaghan Caldwell for his amazing design, SketchUp and Sefaira work. An extra thank you to master's in sustainable design staff members Savannah Nierintz, and especially Laura Parisi, who was an absolute rock star during her time at the university and in her work to support this book!

Teaching colleagues at Thomas Jefferson University have provided insight and support.

Rebecca Parish, who produced SDB Revit and AutoCAD drawings.

Jeff Zarnoch, who has been consistently supportive.

James Query, who helped us with topography contours.

Frank Sherman, who, with his class, employed the SDB methodology and provided insightful feedback.

We have received great support from our professional colleagues including:

Lois Brink of The Big SandBox, who provided invaluable site design advice.

Re:Vision Architecture, who provided insightful examples of project guiding principles.

Alkesh Taylor and Stephen Miller from Kitchen Associates, who provided an understanding of the demonstration project building active HVAC requirements.

Early readers of this textbook deserve special thanks. Hannah Rose Mamary, Celia Mamary, Rita Jaffe, and Carolyn Card Sutton each waded through various versions of this textbook providing insightful observations, suggestions, and edits that improved the overall readability, continuity, and structure.

Kim Conway Wilson, whose clear‐eyed graphic appraisal and illustration skills helped focus and simplify the presentation of complex concepts and images.

The team at Wiley publishing saw the value in expanding the successful Basics franchise, from Space Planning Basics, and Lighting Design Basics, into the area of Sustainable Design. Amanda Shettleton, Margaret Cummins, Kalli Schultea, Amy Odum, and the vast support a project of this scale requires, we offer our gratitude and thanks for supporting us through the process.

Deficiencies, errors, or ambiguities found in this text, (as surely, we have missed one or two) are the responsibilities of the authors.

1
Why, How, Who, and What

Sustainability does not fit nicely under a single heading; it does not belong to a specific academic discipline or school subject. Nor is it the domain of any one sector—environment, education, business, or government. The quest to increase global sustainability involves many aspects of culture and a variety of disciplines that affect the world's ecology, economics, ethics, and education. Sustainability is an issue beyond a given lifetime or location. It is everybody's business and involves all aspects of how one lives in the modern world.

WHY USE THIS BOOK

This text is a basic primer focused on the design process for the sustainable built environment.

Buildings that are sustainably constructed and maintained contribute to the repair of the global ecosystem throughout their entire life cycle, while protecting the health and increasing the productivity of building occupants. The design of sustainable buildings requires that the architectural design process evolve into a new framework that promotes a transformation of the built environment globally. This framework must address the local context and apply to the full life cycle of the building.

Sustainable buildings are resilient buildings, mitigating damage to the environment and capable of adaptation. They are designed for longevity with low embodied energy requirements. Resilience requires a holistic approach to sustainability that extends to both lifestyle and the community beyond the buildings themselves.

Sustainable Design Basics presents design strategies that leverage renewable natural resources and innovative construction techniques to incorporate systems that conserve energy and resources. However, this book is more than a collection of sustainable strategies. Sustainable Design Basics is a methodology.

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

This text is an instructional tool that presents both basic technical information and sustainability strategies required for sustainability, and a methodology to facilitate the collection, analysis, and evaluation required to approach a sustainable building project.

Sustainable design is inherently a complicated process. It requires an understanding of influencing factors far beyond client preferences, program requirements, and construction methods. For the architect or designer first approaching sustainable building design, it can be overwhelming.

For this reason, Sustainable Design Basics (SDB) has simplified the process to its most basic design steps. SDB introduces a step‐by‐step methodology with a series of matrices and worksheets as decision‐making tools, as well as a demonstration project that illustrates each step. The SDB methodology is a working tool intended for use in the design process, not merely a text to be read for information. While an individual learner may use the SDB methodology, it was conceived and is intended for use in a conventional studio classroom setting.

WHO SHOULD USE THIS BOOK

As a basics book, in the tradition of Space Planning Basics by Mark Karlen and Rob Fleming and Lighting Design Basics by Mark Karlen, Christina Spangler, and James R. Benya, Sustainable Design Basics is directed primarily to intermediate‐level (sophomore or junior levels in a baccalaureate or first professional degree program) interior architecture, interior design, and architecture students. These previous “Basics” books are the inspiration for a precise, easily accessible methodology to address sustainable design. However, this particular subject matter asks a lot of the reader. Sustainable design is a far‐reaching subject that touches every aspect of design and deals with a wide range of design variables. It is a challenging subject. In breaking down the topic to address basics, a few readers may find some topics too simple and other topics too complicated. Hopefully, the bulk of the text addresses the subject material with an easily accessible, informative, and applicable approach.

One of the critical aspects of sustainability is the interrelated nature of global society. That is true for the environment, marketplaces, and education. Readers may come to this text from all parts of the world. With that understanding, the language of this book is direct and straightforward. Complex matters are broken down to smaller basic concepts to avoid, where possible, multilayered, complex theory. The authors are based in the United States, yet the sustainable design principles and practices in this book have global application. Locations in the United States may dominate the examples and exercises, but the choice of specific site locations was a result of limited time to address an ambitious scope of challenging material and not an effort to exclude other people or countries.

WHAT ARE THE PARAMETERS OF THIS BOOK

The primary focus of Sustainable Design Basics is design, not technology nor terminology. Specifically, the focus is limited to interior architecture, interior design, and architecture. The methodology described applies to both new construction and to renovation of existing buildings. For clarity, this text limits the number of variables with a focus on new construction variables, although renovation and building reuse are vital elements of a sustainable built environment. However, each existing building has unique characteristics of construction, materials, and existing systems, beyond what a basics text can competently address.

A site for a building is a complex and worthy topic for sustainable design exploration. Limited by time and textbook length, in‐depth exploration of the landscape and the complexities and challenges presented to sustainable designers are beyond the scope of this book.

ORGANIZATION

Sustainable Design Basics is a step by step, how‐to methodology. Sadly, books are by default linear. There is not a “spiraling” option for information in print. While the text flows in a direct linear sequence of information, understand that sustainable design is not a linear process. The sustainable design process is integrated and iterative, frequently looping back to revisit preceding design decisions.

EXERCISES

The concepts and strategies included in this text have direct application to interior design, interior architecture, and architecture. The exercises that accompany the text follow the step‐by‐step methodology allowing the reader to do work independently to develop sustainable design skills through project‐based learning. A set of undeveloped sites and building “shells” in a variety of geographic locations in the United States provided for exercise project locations each have different geological, climatic, and cultural contexts. Completing assignments on different sites allows the exploration of the sense of “place” as a fundamental design influence, inspiring different design ideas. A variety of clients, users, and contexts ranging from rural to urban are provided as exercise variables. The study of hundreds of projects is possible by mixing and matching exercise variables. Projects can be explored in the studio classroom setting or independently.

Users of this text are expected to possess basic knowledge of design, drafting, and planning skills. Many of the exercises require the ability to open and print AutoCAD files or to download and print PDF files. Some of the exercises in Chapter 15 require software. There are also exercises that can be completed, with some variation, without software. Additional software information is available in the appendix and the companion website.

COMPANION WEBSITE

A companion website to this book (www.wiley.com/go/jaffesustainable) has a variety of tools, matrices, templates, SketchUp, and AutoCAD files not found in the printed text, as well as:

PowerPoint files with simple slides that review the materials addressed in the book
Narrated videos that review and augment concepts presented in the text
Simulation and validation assignments which require energy modeling software