Cover
Preface
1 History and Generations of Security Protocols
1. 1.1 Introduction
2. 1.2 Network Security
3. 1.3 Historical Background of Network Security and Network Timeline
4. 1.4 Internet Architecture and Security Aspects
5. 1.5 Different Aspects of Security of the Network
6. 1.6 Evolution of Security Protocols for Network
7. 1.7 Network Security Protocols
8. 1.8 Current Evolution of Red Security
9. 1.9 Future Security Trends
10. References
2 Evolution of Information Security Algorithms
1. 2.1 Introduction to Conventional Encryption
2. 2.2 Classical Encryption Techniques
3. 2.3 Evolutions of Modern Security Techniques
4. 2.4 Conclusion
5. References
6. Practice Set
7. APPENDIX A: Tables of Data Encryption Standard
3 Philosophy of Security by Cryptostakes Schemes
1. 3.1 Philosophy of Public Key Cryptosystems (p-k Cryptography)
2. 3.2 RSA Algorithm
3. 3.3 Security Analysis of RSA
4. 3.4 Exponentiation in Modular Arithmetic
5. 3.5 Distribution of Public Keys
6. 3.6 Distribution of Secret Keys Using Public Key Cryptosystems
7. 3.7 Discrete Logarithms
8. 3.8 Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange
9. 3.9 Review Exercise
10. References
4 Zero-Share Key Management for Secure Communication Across a Channel
1. 4.1 Introduction
2. 4.2 Background
3. 4.3 Zero-Share Key Management System
4. 4.4 Simulation
5. 4.5 Complexity and Analysis
6. 4.6 Conclusion and Future Trends
7. References
5 Soft Computing-Based Intrusion Detection System With Reduced False Positive Rate
1. 5.1 Introduction
2. 5.2 Existing Technology and Its Review
3. 5.3 Research Design
4. 5.4 Results With Implications
5. 5.5 Future Research and Conclusion
6. References
6 Recursively Paired Arithmetic Technique (RPAT): An FPGA-Based Block Cipher Simulation and Its Cryptanalysis
1. 6.1 Introduction
2. 6.2 Recursively Paired Arithmetic Technique (RPAT)
3. 6.3 Implementation and Simulation
4. 6.4 Cryptanalysis
5. 6.5 Simulation-Based Results
6. 6.6 Applications
7. 6.7 Conclusion
8. Acknowledgment
9. References
7 Security Protocol for Multimedia Streaming
1. 7.1 Introduction
2. 7.2 Existing Technology and Its Review
3. 7.3 Methodology and Research Design
4. 7.4 Findings
5. 7.5 Future Research and Conclusion
6. References
8 Nature Inspired Approach for Intrusion Detection Systems
1. 8.1 Introduction
2. 8.2 Approaches Used for Intrusion Detection Systems
3. 8.3 Intrusion Detection Tools
4. 8.4 Use of Machine Learning to Build Dynamic IDS/IPS
5. 8.5 Bio-Inspired Approaches for IDS
6. 8.6 Conclusion
7. References
9 The Socio-Behavioral Cipher Technique
1. 9.1 Introduction
2. 9.2 Existing Technology
3. 9.3 Methodology
4. 9.4 Conclusion: Future Scope and Limitations
5. References
10 Intrusion Detection Strategies in Smart Grid
1. 10.1 Introduction
2. 10.2 Role of Smart Grid
3. 10.3 Technical Challenges Involved in Smart Grid
4. 10.4 Intrusion Detection System
5. 10.5 General Architecture of Intrusion Detection System
6. 10.6 Basic Terms in IDS
7. 10.7 Capabilities of IDS
8. 10.8 Benefits of Intrusion Detection Systems
9. 10.9 Types of IDS
10. 10.10 IDS in a Smart Grid Environment
11. 10.11 Security Issues of Cyber-Physical Smart Grid
12. 10.12 Protecting Smart Grid From Cyber Vulnerabilities
13. 10.13 Security Issues for Future Smart Grid
14. 10.14 Conclusion
15. References
11 Security Protocol for Cloud-Based Communication
1. 11.1 Introduction
2. 11.2 Existing Technology and Its Review
3. 11.3 Methodology (To Overcome the Drawbacks of Existing Protocols)
4. 11.4 Findings: Policy Monitoring Techniques
5. 11.5 Future Research and Conclusion
6. Reference
12 Security Protocols for Mobile Communications
1. 12.1 Introduction
2. 12.2 Evolution of Mobile Communications
3. 12.3 Global System for Mobiles (GSM)
4. 12.4 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
5. 12.5 Long Term Evolution (LTE)
6. 12.6 5G Wireless Systems
7. 12.7 LoRA
8. 12.8 5G Integrated With LoRA
9. 12.9 Physical Layer Security and RFID Authentication
10. 12.10 Conclusion
11. References
13 Use of Machine Learning in Design of Security Protocols
1. 13.1 Introduction
2. 13.2 Review of Related Literature
3. 13.3 Joint and Offensive Kinetic Execution Resolver
4. 13.4 Results and Discussion
5. 13.5 Conclusion and Future Scope
6. References
14 Privacy and Authentication on Security Protocol for Mobile Communications
1. 14.1 Introduction
2. 14.2 Mobile Communications
3. 14.3 Security Protocols
4. 14.4 Authentication
5. 14.5 Next Generation Networking
6. 14.6 Conclusion
7. References
15 Cloud Communication
1. 15.1 Introduction
2. 15.2 Need for Cloud Communication
3. 15.3 Application
4. 15.4 Cloud Communication Platform
5. 15.5 Security Measures Provided by the Cloud
6. 15.6 Achieving Security With Cloud Communications
7. 15.7 Cryptographic Protocols for Secure Cloud Computing
8. 15.8 Security Layer for the Transport Protocol
9. 15.9 Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)
10. 15.10 Kerberos
11. 15.11 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
12. 15.12 WiFi Protected Access (WPA)
13. 15.13 Wi-Fi Protected Access II and the Most Current Security Protocols
14. 15.14 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
15. 15.15 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
16. 15.16 Conclusions
17. References
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

Chapter 2
1. Figure 2.1 Conventional cryptography.
2. Figure 2.2 Generator function in stream cipher.
3. Figure 2.3 Linear feedback shift register.
4. Figure 2.4 RC-4 operations.
5. Figure 2.5 A5/1 structure.
6. Figure 2.6 Key expansion method in a block cipher.
7. Figure 2.7 Feistel cipher structure.
8. Figure 2.8 Reversibility of Feistel cipher structure.
9. Figure 2.9 Inverse of Feistel cipher structure.
10. Figure 2.10 General model of DES.
11. Figure 2.11 DES round structure (left) and key generator (right).
12. Figure 2.12 DES 32-bit to 48-bit expansion.
13. Figure 2.13 DES 48-bit to 32-bit substitution.
14. Figure 2.14 DES S-box substitution.
15. Figure 2.15 Block diagram of 3DES.
16. Figure 2.16 Meet in the middle attack in double DES.
17. Figure 2.17 Meet in the middle attack in triple DES.
18. Figure 2.18 IDEA encryption process.
19. Figure 2.19 Blowfish encryption.
20. Figure 2.20 CAST-128 encryption (NOTE: right and left halves of plaintext ar...
Chapter 3
1. Figure 3.1 Principle of P-k cryptography.
2. Figure 3.2 (a) p-k secrecy, (b) p-k authentication, (c) p-k confidential + a...
3. Figure 3.3 (a) Way of locking and unlocking in RSA, (b) RSA analogy to inver...
4. Figure 3.4 Mark verification by CA
5. Figure 3.5 Mathematical Exchange of PK certificates
6. Figure 3.6 Circulation of confidential keys using Public Key phenomenon.
7. Figure 3.7 DH exchange.
Chapter 4
1. Figure 4.1 The box puzzle.
2. Figure 4.2 Order of matrix vs steps per bit of key.
Chapter 5
1. Figure 5.1 Attack distribution over different attack classes.
2. Figure 5.2 Raw data and pre-processed data comparison.
3. Figure 5.3 Effect of alert monitoring module on FPR.
4. Figure 5.4 FPR comparison.
5. Figure 5.5 Test network design.
6. Figure 5.6 False alarm comparison.
Chapter 6
1. Figure 6.1 Block diagram of recursively paired arithmetic technique (RPAT)....
2. Figure 6.2 RPAT encryption process of SB = 10011010.
3. Figure 6.3 Four options of RPAT encryption and decryption.
4. Figure 6.4 Top level architecture of RPAT.
5. Figure 6.5 Graphical data of Chi-Square value of RPAT in logarithmic scale....
Chapter 7
1. Figure 7.1 Comparison of protocols transmission delay.
Chapter 9
1. Figure 9.1 Flowchart for encryption.
2. Figure 9.2 Comparison of the results of triplicative and socio-behavioral ci...
3. Figure 9.3 Output for socio-behavioral technique simulation as example illus...
Chapter 10
1. Figure 10.1 Smart grid architecture.
2. Figure 10.2 General components of an intrusion detection system.
3. Figure 10.3 Intrusion detection framework architecture for the smart grid.
Chapter 12
1. Figure 12.1 Communication protocol layers.
2. Figure 12.2 Components of GSM.
3. Figure 12.3 Flowchart of GSM operations.
4. Figure 12.4 UMTS security architecture.
5. Figure 12.5 LTE security architecture.
6. Figure 12.6 5G security architecture.
7. Figure 12.7 Architecture of LoRA.
Chapter 13
1. Figure 13.1 Active attack.
2. Figure 13.2 Passive attack.
3. Figure 13.3 Secured cloud data storage prototype model (SCDSPM).
4. Figure 13.4 Data protected with the three layers.
5. Figure 13.5 Design of the JOKER protocol.
6. Figure 13.6 Design of the JOKER protocol—first step.
7. Figure 13.7 Design of the JOKER protocol—second step.
8. Figure 13.8 Design of the JOKER protocol—third step.
9. Figure 13.9 Design of the JOKER protocol—more than one sources.
10. Figure 13.10 Design of the JOKER protocol—more than one destination.
11. Figure 13.11 Design of the JOKER protocol—more than one sources and destinat...
12. Figure 13.12 Data transmission method in JOKER protocol—all sources and all ...
13. Figure 13.13 Latency parameter analysis.
14. Figure 13.14 Throughput parameter analysis.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN 978-1-119-55564-3

Cover image: Pixabay.Com
Cover design by Russell Richardson

Preface

Over the past few decades, digital communication has grown by leaps and bounds. The expanding use of the internet in our day-to-day lives has resulted in a six-fold increase in the number of internet users in the past two decades alone, leading to an evolution of technologies for home use such as Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Analytics and Machine Learning.

Today, 30% of the total business worldwide is done online, with approximately 25% of banking transactions being done exclusively from smart-phones and laptops at home or the office. Moreover, 50% of the world’s population is currently using social media as a platform for connecting with their friends and colleagues; and primary and higher education institutions are using internet-based education as a tool for enriching students’ knowledge and at the same time keeping track of their academic performance. Now even Government agencies are moving to internet platforms, with most of their services currently available online.

Although this huge volume of internet usage has made life easier for every individual, insecurity or loss of information continues to be a major concern. There have been many cases across the globe of breach of information or platforms leading to loss of data, money, faith and much more.

Various research scientists have done a lot of work over the past five to six decades to develop security protocols for ensuring minimization of breach of data either being stored or under one network. The history of information security has been quite long and has evolved from the era of its birth to present date. During this period millions of cryptographic algorithms have evolved, some of which have been quite successful for ensuring many secure communications across the World Wide Web.

The application of security has changed as technology has evolved from tube computing to palm (nano) computing. Presently, we have many different security protocols for various types of applications of the internet like email, web browsing, webchat, video streaming, cloud-based communication, closed group communication, banking transactions, e-commerce and many more both at network level and user end.

Security has evolved to counter many kinds of attacks like intrusion, manipulation, spoofing and so on, for which techniques like cryptography, message digest, digital signature, steganography, watermarking, time stamping, access control, etc., have been incorporated into various layers of communication, resulting in protocols like HTTP, SMTP, RTP, RTCP, FTP, UDP and many more.

The issue with these protocols is that they are not being reviewed from time to time, nor are they being compiled and compared in one place. Our aim in publishing this book is to combine the analysis and comparison of various protocols which might act as a Mobile Communication Security Protocol or Multimedia Streaming Security Protocol. Therefore, this book discusses and analyzes some of the security protocols available for communication in various application areas.

The 15 chapters of this book are well placed to illustrate the security protocols for communication. Following is a brief synopsis of each chapter:

Chapter 1 gives a detailed history of communication and the evolution of its protocols; and relates the evolution of security and the need for it in communication protocols.
Chapter 2 discusses the evolution of various information security algorithms, from basic models to complex information security algorithms currently in use.
Chapter 3 digs further into security algorithms by focusing on the philosophy of security by cryptostake schemes, a model for public key cryptographic techniques.
Chapter 4 introduces a new technique for key management of security algorithms being implemented over a communication channel.
Chapter 5 introduces a soft computing-based intrusion detection system with reduced false positive rate, which helps in intrusion detection in a communication channel, even if the signature of the intruder is not available.
Chapter 6 proposes a new simple cipher, namely recursively paired arithmetic technique (RPAT): A field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based block cipher simulation and its cryptanalysis.
Chapter 7 reviews security protocols like RTP, RTMP, UDP, etc., for multimedia communication over a channel; it attempts to analyze the performance of these protocols on the basis of delay as parameter.
Chapter 8 presents the concept of a new dimension in intrusion detection, i.e., a nature-inspired approach, and justifies the approach by comparing the benefits of using the same against that of a host-based intrusion detection system.
Chapter 9 presents a secure and efficient symmetric key technique that harnesses the readily available social profiling information of the sender for encryption and decryption of the data, blending the social behavior of the sender with the cryptography.
Chapter 10 introduces the concept of smart grid and the significant role that intrusion detection plays in it. Also addressed are the various threats to security and detection of intrusion frameworks in smart grid.
Chapter 11 provides a glance into security protocols for cloud-based communication.
Chapter 12 provides a detailed review of security protocols for mobile communications.
Chapter 13 introduces a new dimension of advanced technologies in the design of security protocols using machine learning.
Chapter 14 discusses privacy and authentication of security protocol for mobile communications.
Chapter 15 discusses cloud communication and the different security measures and cryptographic protocols for secure cloud computing.

Communication has become a lifeline for the current era, and secure communication is blood in the veins of that lifeline. Currently very few books are available on the security protocols of different communication models like wireless communication, cloud-based communication, multimedia communication, MANET (infrastructureless) communication, etc. By providing this book to an audience working in the domains of network security, we have attempted to cover the history of the evolution of communication protocols and also provide some new techniques for security of communication channels with the use of tools like machine learning and nature-inspired algorithms.

We thank all the authors for contributing to our book with their valuable knowledge. We hope this book will prove to be a good resource for the intended audience to access all relevant technologies on one platform!!

Dinesh Goyal
S. Balamurugan
Sheng-Lung Peng
O.P. Verma
December 2019