Series Editor
Nianjun Yang, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Germany
Titles in the Series
Nanocarbons for Electroanalysis
Sabine Szunerits, Rabah Boukherroub, Alison Downard, Jun‐Jie Zhu
Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Bioanalysis andTherapy
Huan‐Cheng Chang, Yuen Yung Hui, Haifeng Dong, Xueji Zhang
Novel Carbon Materials and Composites: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Xin Jiang, Zhenhui Kang, Xiaoning Guo, Hao Zhuang
Nanocarbon Electrochemistry
Nianjun Yang, Guohua Zhao, John S. Foord
Forthcoming Titles
Nanocarbons and their Hybrids
Jean‐Charles Arnault, Dominik Eder
Edited by
This edition first published 2020
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The right of Nianjun Yang, Guohua Zhao, and John S. Foord to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
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Shigeru Amemiya
Department of Chemistry
University of Pittsburgh
Pennsylvania, USA
James A. Behan
School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres
Trinity College Dublin
Ireland
Yuqing Chen
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
Tongji University
Shanghai, China
Paula E. Colavita
School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres
Trinity College Dublin
Ireland
Rongrong Cui
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
Tongji University
Shanghai, China
Carlota Domínguez
School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres
Trinity College Dublin
Ireland
Robert A.W. Dryfe
School of Chemistry
University of Manchester
United Kingdom
Dan Du
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Washington State University
WA, USA
Yasuaki Einaga
Department of Chemistry
Keio University
Yokohama, Japan
Andrea Fiorani
Department of Chemistry
Keio University
Yokohama
Japan
Shaofang Fu
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Washington State University
WA, USA
Qiyao Huang
Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
China
Pawin Iamprasertkun
School of Chemistry
University of Manchester
United Kingdom
Irkham
Department of Chemistry
Keio University
Yokohama
Japan
Xin Jiang
Institute of Materials Engineering
University of Siegen
Germany
Yuehe Lin
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Washington State University
WA, USA
Shetian Liu
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Southwest University
Chongqing, P. R. China
Yushu Liu
University of Technology Sydney, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Research Centre for Clean Energy Technology
Ultimo, NSW
Australia
Sandeep Kumar Marka
School of Engineering Sciences and Technology (SEST)
University of Hyderabad
Telangana, India
Francesco Paolucci
Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
University of Bologna
Italy
Veera Venkata Harish Peruswamula
School of Engineering Sciences and Technology (SEST)
University of Hyderabad
Telangana, India
Huijie Shi
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
Tongji University
Shanghai, China
Junhua Song
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Washington State University
WA, USA
Dawei Su
University of Technology Sydney
School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Research Centre for Clean Energy Technology
Ultimo, NSW
Australia
Venkata Satya Siva Srikanth Vadali
School of Engineering Sciences and Technology (SEST)
University of Hyderabad
Telangana, India
Giovanni Valenti
Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
University of Bologna
Italy
Guoxiu Wang
University of Technology Sydney
School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Research Centre for Clean Energy Technology
Ultimo, NSW
Australia
Tianyi Wang
University of Technology Sydney
School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Research Centre for Clean Energy Technology
Ultimo, NSW
Australia
Nianjun Yang
Institute of Materials Engineering
University of Siegen
Germany
Siyu Yu
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Southwest University
Chongqing, P. R. China
Wenjun Zhang
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
City University of Hong Kong
China
Ya‐nan Zhang
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
Tongji University
Shanghai, China
Guohua Zhao
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
Tongji University
Shanghai, China
Zijian Zheng
Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
China
Chengzhou Zhu
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Washington State University
WA, USA
Carbon, the 6th element in the periodic table, is extraordinary. It forms a variety of materials because of its ability to covalently bond with different orbital hybridizations. For millennia, there were only two known substances of pure carbon atoms: graphite and diamond. In the mid‐1980s, a soccer‐ball‐shaped buckminsterfullerene, namely a new carbon allotrope C60, was discovered. Together with fullerene‐structures (C70, C84) found later, the nanocarbon researcher was spawned. In the early 1990s, carbon nanotubes were discovered. They are direct descendants of fullerenes and capped structures composed of 5‐ and 6‐membered rings. This was the next major advance in nanocarbon research. Due to their ground‐breaking work on these fullerene materials, Curl, Kroto, and Smalley were awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In the beginning of the 2000s, graphene was prepared using Scotch tape. It is a single sheet of carbon atoms packed into a hexagonal lattice with a bond distance of 0.142 nm. For their seminal work with this new nanocarbon material, Geim and Novoselov were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.
As new members, carbon nanoparticles, such as diamond nanoparticles, carbon dots, and graphene (quantum) dots, have emerged in the family of nanocarbon materials. Although all these materials only consist of the same carbon atoms, their physical, chemical, and engineering features are different, which are fully dependent on their structures.
The purpose of this series is to bring together up‐to‐date accounts of recent developments and new findings in the field of nanocarbon chemistry and interfaces, one of the most important aspects of nanocarbon research. The carbon materials covered in this series include diamond, diamond nanoparticles, graphene, graphene‐oxide, graphene (quantum) dots, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, fullerenes, carbon dots, carbon composites, and their hybrids. The formation, structure, properties, and applications of these carbon materials are summarized. Their relevant applications in the fields of electroanalysis, biosensing, catalysis, electrosynthesis, energy storage and conversion, environment sensing and protection, biology, and medicine are highlighted in different books.
I certainly want to express my sincere thanks to Miss Sarah Higginbotham, Jenny Cossham, Emma Strickland, and Lesley Jebaraj from Wiley's Oxford office. Without their efficient help or valuable suggestions during this book project, the publication of this book series would not be possible. Last, but not least, I want to thank my family, especially my wife, Dr. Xiaoxia Wang, and my children Zimo and Chuqian Luisa, for their constant and strong support as well as for their patience in letting me finalize such a book series.
Nianjun Yang
Siegen, Germany
April 2019
Electrochemistry is an extensively utilized field of chemistry that integrates chemicals and electric fields. A well‐designed electrode material is the key of electrochemistry. The connection of electrochemistry with carbon materials such as graphite, diamond, and carbon fibers has had a long history. The discoveries of new carbon materials such as fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoribbon, carbon dots, and graphdiyne in past decades have triggered more research advances with respect to their electrochemical preparation, characterization, and applications.
The purpose of this volume is thus to bring together up‐to‐date accounts of recent progress, developments, and achievements in the electrochemistry of different carbon materials, focusing on their unique properties and various applications. We begin with a chapter concerning the studies of heterogeneous electron transfer at various carbon electrodes when redox‐active molecules are reversibly and specifically adsorbed on the carbon electrode surfaces, followed by electrochemical energy storage applications of various carbon materials, particularly the construction and performance of supercapacitors and batteries by use of graphene and related materials. The third part of this volume is concentrated on electrochemical energy conversion applications where electrocatalysis at 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D carbon materials nanocarbon materials is highlighted. This volume is then closed with consideration of electrogenerated chemiluminescence and photoelectrochemical pollutant degradation by use of diamond and related carbon materials.
It is the invaluable efforts of distinguished researchers from nine different countries with thirteen different affiliations that have helped us build such a comprehensive volume covering the various perspectives of nanocarbon electrochemistry. The chapters cover the fundamental properties of different carbon materials and their applications across a wide range of areas. Sufficient background regarding different applications has been provided in each chapter. By including information with such a wide range, we hope this volume can contribute to the understanding of non‐specialists and specialists alike. Thus it should be of interest and use to students, researchers, and industrial partners working on many diverse fields of electrochemistry, whether they already make frequent use of carbon electrodes in one form or another or whether they are looking for electrodes for new applications.
We certainly want to express our sincere thanks to all colleagues from our publisher, Wiley, especially to Lesley Jebaraj and Emma Strickland. Their efficient help and valuable suggestions made this volume proceed smoothly to publication. Last, but not least, we want to thank our family members for their constant and strong support in letting us finalize such a volume.
Nianjun Yang
Siegen, Germany
Guohua Zhao
Shanghai, China
John S. Foord
Oxford, United Kingdom