Cover: LPIC-1 Linux Professional Institute Certification Practice Tests, Second Edition by Steven Suehring

LPIC-1®
Linux Professional Institute Certification

Practice Tests

Second Edition

Wiley Logo

Steven Suehring


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Copyright © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-1-119-61109-7

ISBN: 978-1-119-61114-1 (ebk.)

ISBN: 978-1-119-61113-4 (ebk.)

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Acknowledgments

Book writing tends to take attention away from other things in life. As I write this and look at the overgrown jungle that is my backyard, it's time to reflect and to find another project so I don't have to deal with whatever type of vine has taken over my shed and is creeping towards the house.

Thank you first to Kenyon Brown and Carole Jelen for this (and other) projects. Thank you also to the editors for this book, Kezia Endsley and David Clinton. Their expertise and diligence is essential in order to make the book the best it can be. Thank you to my family for their continued support. My colleagues at University of Wisconsin- Stevens Point help provide guidance and comic relief at times too.

As is the case for many books now, thank you to Jim, Patti, Tim, and Rob at Partners Pub. Thank you also to Kent Laabs for his generosity and continued help.

About the Author

Steve Suehring is an assistant professor of computing and new media technologies at University of Wisconsin—Stevens Point. Prior to joining the faculty in 2015, Steve gained 20 years of field experience in a variety of technical engineering, system and network administration, and system architectural roles. Steve has written several books and has served as an editor for LinuxWorld magazine.

Introduction

This book provides practice questions for the Linux Professional Institute LPIC-1 certification. Specifically, the book has been updated to reflect the objectives for exams 101-500 and 102-500. The book includes numerous multiple-choice questions related to the exam objectives found on the LPI website.

What Does This Book Cover?

Each chapter of the book connects directly to one of the objectives, and each objective is covered throughout the book. In addition, two practice exams are included in the book that you should find helpful in preparing for the exams.

The book does not require that you start at the beginning and read through in a linear, page-by-page manner. Rather, you may skip to objective areas that might be less familiar, and you can do so without losing any fidelity or missing something from a previous chapter.

Who Should Read This Book

It is assumed that you would have a companion text for this book in order to obtain deeper information on the given subjects for the exam. However, it is possible to use this book as a stand-alone means for preparation.

Here are some basic assumptions about the audience for this book:

How to Use This Book

This book is best used as a tool for testing your knowledge in the objective domains specified for the exam. The book provides explanations for each question, including, where applicable, explanations as to why the other options were incorrect. Ideally, the book is used in conjunction with the companion text in order to fully explain the concepts.

Certification Exam Policies

The Linux Professional Institute outlines various policies related to certification and other similar matters. In addition, other policies applicable may be through the testing facility or organization. More information on some of the LPI policies can be found at www.lpi.org/policies.

Exam Objectives

The following lists contain the topics and weights for Exams 101 and 102. This list follows the sequence in which they are covered in the book. You can find more information about what is covered in each topic, including key knowledge areas and files, terms, and utilities, at the start of the applicable chapter.

Exam 101-500

Topic 101: System Architecture

  • 101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings (weight 2).
  • 101.2 Boot the system (weight 3).
  • 101.3 Change runlevels/boot targets and shutdown or reboot system (weight 3).

Topic 102: Linux Installation and Package Management

  • 102.1 Design hard disk layout (weight 2).
  • 102.2 Install a boot manager (weight 2).
  • 102.3 Manage shared libraries (weight 1).
  • 102.4 Use Debian package management (weight 3).
  • 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management (weight 3).
  • 102.6 Linux as a virtualization guest (weight 1)

Topic 103: GNU and UNIX Commands

  • 103.1 Work on the command line (weight 4).
  • 103.2 Process text streams using filters (weight 2).
  • 103.3 Perform basic file management (weight 4).
  • 103.4 Use streams, pipes, and redirects (weight 4).
  • 103.5 Create, monitor, and kill processes (weight 4).
  • 103.6 Modify process execution priorities (weight 2).
  • 103.7 Search text files using regular expressions (weight 3).
  • 103.8 Basic file editing 3

Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

  • 104.1 Create partitions and filesystems (weight 2).
  • 104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems (weight 2).
  • 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems (weight 3).
  • 104.4 Removed
  • 104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership (weight 3).
  • 104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links (weight 2).
  • 104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location (weight 2).

Exam 102-500

Topic 105: Shells and Shell Scripting

  • 105.1 Customize and use the shell environment (weight 4).
  • 105.2 Customize or write simple scripts (weight 4).

Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops

  • 106.1 Install and configure X11 (weight 2).
  • 106.2 Graphical desktops (weight 1)
  • 106.3 Accessibility (weight 1)

Topic 107: Administrative Tasks

  • 107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files (weight 5).
  • 107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs (weight 4).
  • 107.3 Localization and internationalization (weight 3)

Topic 108: Essential System Services

  • 108.1 Maintain system time (weight 3).
  • 108.2 System logging (weight 4)
  • 108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) Basics (weight 3)
  • 108.4 Manage printers and printing (weight 2).

Topic 109: Networking Fundamentals

  • 109.1 Fundamentals of Internet protocols (weight 4)
  • 109.2 Persistent network configuration (weight 4)
  • 109.3 Basic network troubleshooting (weight 4)
  • 109.4 Configure client-side DNS (weight 2).

Topic 110: Security

  • 110.1 Perform security administration tasks (weight 3).
  • 110.2 Set up host security (weight 3).
  • 110.3 Securing data with encryption (weight 4)

PART I
Exam 101-500

Chapter 1
Topic 101: System Architecture

THE FOLLOWING EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER:

  1. Which of the following commands is used to view kernel-related udev events in real time?

    1. udevls all
    2. lsudev -f
    3. udevmon -a
    4. udevadm monitor

  2. Which command enables you to view the current interrupt request (IRQ) assignments?

    1. view /proc/irq
    2. cat /proc/interrupts
    3. cat /dev/irq
    4. less /dev/irq

  3. Configuration of udev devices is done by working with files in which directory?

    1. /udev/devices
    2. /devices/
    3. /udev/config
    4. /etc/udev

  4. Which command is used to automatically load a module and its dependencies?

    1. modprobe
    2. lsmod
    3. insmod
    4. rmmod

  5. Which command is used to obtain a list of USB devices?

    1. usb-list
    2. lsusb
    3. ls-usb
    4. ls --usb

  6. When working with hotplug devices, you need to gather more information about them through udevadm. Which udevadm command enables you to query the udev database for information on a device?

    1. query
    2. info
    3. getinfo
    4. devinfo

  7. Which command can be used to view the kernel ring buffer in order to troubleshoot the boot process?

    1. lsboot
    2. boot-log
    3. krblog
    4. dmesg

  8. During the initialization process for a Linux system using SysV init, which runlevel corresponds to single-user mode?

    1. Runlevel 5
    2. Runlevel SU
    3. Runlevel 1
    4. Runlevel 6

  9. On a system using SysV init, in which directory are the startup and shutdown scripts for services stored?

    1. /etc/init-d
    2. /etc/init
    3. /etc/sysV
    4. /etc/init.d

  10. Which command can be used to reboot a system?

    1. init 6
    2. shutdown -h -t now
    3. init 1
    4. refresh-system

  11. When using an SysV init-based system, which command would you use if you make changes to the /etc/inittab file and want those changes to be reloaded without a reboot?

    1. init-refresh
    2. init 6
    3. telinit
    4. reload-inittab

  12. Which command displays the current runlevel for a system?

    1. show-level
    2. init --level
    3. sudo init
    4. runlevel

  13. Within which folder are systemd unit configuration files stored?

    1. /etc/system.conf.d
    2. /lib/system.conf.d
    3. /lib/systemd/system
    4. /etc/sysconfd

  14. Which command is used with systemd in order to list the available service units?

    1. systemd list-units
    2. systemctl list-units
    3. systemd unit-list
    4. systemctl show-units

  15. Which option to lspci is used to display both numeric codes and device names?

    1. -numdev
    2. -n
    3. -nn
    4. -devnum

  16. Which command can be used to obtain a list of currently loaded kernel modules?

    1. insmod
    2. modlist
    3. ls --modules
    4. lsmod

  17. Which option to the modprobe command shows the dependencies for a given module?

    1. --show-options
    2. --list-deps
    3. --show-depends
    4. --list-all

  18. Which command can you use to send a message to all users who are currently logged into a system?

    1. cat
    2. wall
    3. tee
    4. ssh

  19. Which of the following is a good first troubleshooting step when a hard disk is not detected by the Linux kernel?

    1. Unplug the disk.
    2. Check the system BIOS.
    3. Restart the web server service.
    4. Run the disk-detect command.

  20. Within which directory is information about USB devices stored?

    1. /etc/usbdevices
    2. /var/usb
    3. /lib/sys/usb
    4. /sys/bus/usb/devices

  21. If the kernel ring buffer has been overwritten, within which file can you look to find boot messages?

    1. /var/log/bootmessages
    2. /var/log/mail.info
    3. /var/adm/log/boot.info
    4. /var/log/dmesg

  22. Which command and option can be used to determine whether a given service is currently loaded?

    1. systemctl --ls
    2. telinit
    3. systemctl status
    4. sysctl -a

  23. Which command on a systemd-controlled system would place the system into single-user mode?

    1. systemctl one
    2. systemctl isolate rescue.target
    3. systemctl single-user
    4. systemctl runlevel one

  24. Which command on a system controlled by Upstart will reload the configuration files?

    1. initctl reload
    2. systemd reload
    3. upstart --reload
    4. ups -reload

  25. When working with a SysV system, which option to chkconfig will display all services and their runlevels?

    1. --reload
    2. --list
    3. --all
    4. --ls

  26. A drive connected to USB is considered which type of device?

    1. Medium
    2. Coldplug
    3. Hotplug
    4. Sideplug

  27. The system is using a temporary flash USB disk for data mounted at /dev/sda1. You need to remove the disk. Which of the following commands will enable the disk to be safely removed from the system?

    1. usbstop /dev/sda
    2. umount /dev/sda1
    3. unmount /dev/sda1
    4. dev-eject /dev/sda1

  28. You have connected a USB disk to the system and need to find out its connection point within the system. Which of the following is the best method for accomplishing this task?

    1. Rebooting the system
    2. Viewing the contents of /var/log/usb.log
    3. Connecting the drive to a USB port that you know the number of
    4. Running dmesg and looking for the disk

  29. Which of the following commands will initiate an immediate shutdown of the system?

    1. shutdown -c
    2. halt
    3. systemd stop
    4. stop-system

  30. Which option within a systemd service file indicates the program to execute?

    1. StartProgram
    2. ShortCut
    3. ExecStart
    4. Startup

  31. Which command will display the default target on a computer running systemd?

    1. systemctl defaults
    2. update-rc.d defaults
    3. systemctl runlevel
    4. systemctl get-default

  32. Which option to the systemctl command will change a service so that it runs on the next boot of the system?

    1. enable
    2. startonboot
    3. loadonboot
    4. start

  33. Which of the following best describes the /proc filesystem?

    1. /proc contains information about files to be processed.
    2. /proc contains configuration files for processes.
    3. /proc contains information on currently running processes, including the kernel.
    4. /proc contains variable data such as mail and web files.

  34. Which command will retrieve information about the USB connections on a computer in a tree-like format?

    1. lsusb -tree
    2. lsusb --tree
    3. lsusb -t
    4. usblist --tree

  35. What is one reason why a device driver does not appear in the output of lsmod, even though the device is loaded and working properly?

    1. The use of systemd means that drivers are not required for most devices.
    2. The use of initramfs means that support is enabled by default.
    3. The system does not need a driver for the device.
    4. Support for the device has been compiled directly into the kernel.

  36. Which option to rmmod will cause the module to wait until it’s no longer in use to unload the module?

    1. -test
    2. -f
    3. -w
    4. -unload

  37. You are using a storage area network (SAN) that keeps causing errors on your Linux system due to an improper kernel module created by the SAN vendor. When the SAN sends updates, it causes the filesystem to be mounted as read-only. Which command and option can you use to change the behavior of the filesystem to account for the SAN bug?

    1. mount --continue
    2. tune2fs -e continue
    3. mkfs --no-remount
    4. mount -o remount

  38. Within which directory are rules related to udev stored?

    1. /etc/udev.conf
    2. /etc/udev.conf.d
    3. /etc/udev/rules.d
    4. /etc/udev.d

  39. Which option to lspci displays the kernel driver in use for the given Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) device?

    1. -t
    2. -k
    3. -n
    4. -a

  40. Within which of the following directories will you find blacklist information for modules loaded with modprobe?

    1. /etc/blacklist
    2. /etc/modprobe.d
    3. /etc/blacklist.mod
    4. /etc/modprobe

  41. When working with a CentOS 6 system, which command is used to create the initial RAM disk?

    1. mkinit
    2. dracut
    3. mkraminit
    4. mkinitfs

  42. Within which file will you find a list of the currently available kernel symbols?

    1. /proc/kernelsyms
    2. /etc/kernel.conf
    3. /etc/lsyms
    4. /proc/kallsyms

  43. Which of the following commands can be used to show the various information related to a currently loaded module, including core size and settings for options?

    1. systool -v -m <module>
    2. modinfo -r <module>
    3. lsmod <module>
    4. infmod <module>

  44. Which directory contains various elements and configuration information about the kernel such as the release number, domain name, location of modprobe, and other settings?

    1. /proc/sys/kmod
    2. /proc/sys/kernel
    3. /proc/kernel
    4. /proc/kernel/sys

  45. Within which directory should systemd unit files that you create be stored?

    1. /etc/system
    2. /etc/systemd/system
    3. /usr/share/systemd
    4. /usr/share/system

  46. Which of the following commands should you execute after making changes to systemd service configurations in order for those changes to take effect?

    1. systemd reload
    2. reboot
    3. systemctl daemon-reload
    4. systemctl reboot

  47. Which of the following files contains the runlevels for the system along with a reference to the corresponding rc file?

    1. /etc/runlevels
    2. /etc/inittab
    3. /etc/rc
    4. /etc/runlevel

  48. Which boot loader can be used for File Allocation Table (FAT) filesystems and might be used for a rescue disk?

    1. SYSBOOT
    2. SYSLINUX
    3. TIELINUX
    4. FATLINUX

  49. Which of the following is used to provide an early filesystem-based loading process for key drivers needed to continue the boot process?

    1. bootrd
    2. driverload
    3. initrd
    4. initdrv

  50. When booting a system you receive an error similar to "No init found" and are then placed at an initramfs prompt. You need to check the hard drive for errors. Which of the following commands performs an error check on a hard drive partition in Linux?

    1. defrag
    2. fsck
    3. checkfs
    4. chkfs

  51. Which of the following commands places the system in single-user mode?

    1. tellinit 1
    2. chginit 1
    3. telinet 1
    4. telinit 1

  52. Which of the following commands changes the boot order for the next boot?

    1. efibootmgr -c
    2. efibootmgr -b -B
    3. efibootmgr -o
    4. efibootmgr -n

  53. Which boot loader can be used with ISO9660 CD-ROMS?

    1. ISOLINUX
    2. EFIBOOT
    3. ISOFS
    4. BOOTISO

  54. Within which directory are systemd user unit files placed by installed packages?

    1. /usr/lib/systemd/user
    2. /usr/lib/systemd/system
    3. /usr/systemd
    4. /usr/system

  55. When using Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), which of the following files can be used as a boot loader?

    1. shim.uefi
    2. shim.efi
    3. shim.fx
    4. efi.shim

  56. Which directory on a SysV init-based system contains scripts that are used for starting and stopping services?

    1. /etc/rc.int
    2. /etc/boot
    3. /etc/bootscripts
    4. /etc/init.d

  57. Which of the following commands is used to find overriding configuration files on a systemd-based system?

    1. diff
    2. systemctl -diff
    3. systemd-delta
    4. systemctl configoverride

  58. Which of the following commands on a Red Hat system lists all of the SysV services set to be executed on boot along with their setting for each runlevel?

    1. rlevel
    2. chkconfig --list
    3. bootldr --list
    4. init --bootlist

  59. Which of the following commands, executed from within the UEFI shell, controls the boot configuration?

    1. bootcfg
    2. bcfg
    3. grub-install
    4. grcfg

  60. Which file must exist within /tftpboot on the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server for a system that will use PXELINUX for its boot loader?

    1. pxelinux.tftp
    2. pxelinux.boot
    3. pxelinux.conf
    4. pxelinux.0

  61. Which utility can you use on a Debian or Ubuntu system to manage SysV init scripts, such as setting them to run on boot?

    1. bootorder
    2. bootloader
    3. configchk
    4. update-rc.d

  62. Which key, pressed during the operating system selection menu, is used to enable editing of the parameters related to boot with GRUB?

    1. v
    2. e
    3. r
    4. y

  63. Which systemctl subcommand is used to switch runlevels?

    1. switch
    2. move
    3. runlevel
    4. isolate

  64. When examining the /etc/inittab file, which option signifies the default runlevel to which the system will boot?

    1. default
    2. defaultboot
    3. initdefault
    4. defaultlvl

  65. Which of the following is used instead of initrd to provide an early filesystem for essential drivers?

    1. initnext
    2. initramfs
    3. initialize
    4. initfs

  66. Which of the following commands sets the default systemd target to multi-user?

    1. systemctl set-default multi-user.target
    2. systemd set-default multi-user.target
    3. systemctl set-def muser.target
    4. systemd set-def muser.target

  67. When using a shim for booting a UEFI-based system, which of the following files is loaded after shim.efi?

    1. grubx64.cfg
    2. grub.conf
    3. grubx64.efi
    4. efi.boot

  68. Within which hierarchy are files from /etc/init.d linked so that the files are executed during the various runlevels of a SysV system?

    1. /etc/rc.S
    2. /etc/rc
    3. /etc/boot/rc
    4. /etc/rc.d

  69. What is the name of the unit to which a systemd system is booted in order to start other levels?

    1. default.target
    2. init.target
    3. initial.target
    4. load.target

  70. When viewing information in /dev/disk/by-path using the command ls -l, which of the following filenames represents a logical unit number (LUN) from Fibre Channel?

    1. /dev/fc0
    2. pci-0000:1a:00.0-fc-0x500601653ee0025f:0x0000000000000000
    3. pci-0000:1a:00.0-scsi-0x500601653ee0025f:0x0000000000000000
    4. /dev/fibre0

  71. You have purchased new solid-state drive (SSD) hardware that uses the NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) protocol but cannot find the disks in the normal /dev/sd* location in which you have traditionally found such storage. In which location should you look for these drives?

    1. /dev/nd*
    2. /dev/nvme*
    3. /dev/nv*
    4. /dev/nvme/*

  72. Which file contains information about the current md Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) configuration such as the personalities?

    1. /proc/raidinfo
    2. /proc/rhyinfo
    3. /proc/mdraid
    4. /proc/mdstat

  73. Which of the following directory hierarchies contains information such as the World Wide Name (WWN) for Fibre Channel?

    1. /sys/class/wwn
    2. /sys/class/fc_host
    3. /sys/class/fclist
    4. /sys/class/fc/wwn

  74. Information about logical volumes can be found in which of the following directories?

    1. /dev/lvinfo
    2. /dev/map
    3. /dev/mapper
    4. /dev/lvmap

  75. Which of the following commands will examine the PCI subsystem for NVMe-based devices?

    1. psnvme
    2. lsnvme
    3. lspci | grep scsi
    4. lspci | grep -i nvme

  76. Which of the following devices is the location of the first Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) tape device detected at boot?

    1. /dev/st1
    2. /dev/sd0
    3. /dev/sd1
    4. /dev/st0

  77. Which of the following files should be used to display a message to users prior to logging in locally?

    1. /etc/loginmesg
    2. /etc/logmessage.txt
    3. /etc/issue
    4. /etc/banner

  78. Which file contains a message that is displayed after a successful login?

    1. /etc/loginbanner
    2. /etc/issue
    3. /etc/motd
    4. /etc/message

  79. Which of the following files can be used to provide a message to users logging in remotely with a protocol such as telnet?

    1. /etc/telnet.msg
    2. /etc/issue.net
    3. /etc/login.msg
    4. /etc/telnet.login

  80. Which of the following commands turns off the computer, including removing power, if possible?

    1. systemctl halt
    2. systemctl reboot
    3. systemctl stop
    4. systemctl poweroff

  81. Which of the following shutdown commands reboots the system in 15 minutes?

    1. shutdown -r +15
    2. shutdown +15
    3. shutdown -15
    4. shutdown -r 00:15

  82. When terminating a process on a SysV init-based system, which command can be used to stop the process?

    1. service
    2. sysv
    3. syscl
    4. servc

  83. Which of the following commands show the boot messages captured by systemd?

    1. journalctl -b
    2. systemctl -b
    3. journalctl -bm
    4. journalctl -l

  84. Which option to the shutdown command halts or stops the system?

    1. -h
    2. -s
    3. -f
    4. -t

  85. Which signal number is used as SIGKILL when used with the kill command?

    1. 1
    2. 4
    3. 9
    4. 11

  86. Which directory contains rc-related startup scripts on a legacy Debian system?

    1. /etc/init
    2. /etc/inittab
    3. /etc/init.d
    4. /etc/rc.init

  87. When attempting to enable an integrated peripheral on a basic input/output system (BIOS) system, what should be done to determine whether the peripheral has been enabled within the BIOS?

    1. Examine boot messages to determine if the kernel has detected the peripheral.
    2. Examine /var/log/auth.log for detection of the peripheral.
    3. Reboot the system to determine if the device works.
    4. Enable the peripheral by removing it from the blacklisted modules.

  88. Which option to the wall command suppresses the "Broadcast message" banner that normally displays?

    1. -b
    2. -a
    3. -n
    4. -d