Table of Contents

Cover

List of Abbreviations

Introduction

I.1. LTE standard
I.2. LTE Advanced standard
I.3. LTE Advanced Pro standard
I.4. Wi-Fi integration
I.5. 5G integration

1 MBB Service – Network Architecture

1.1. Initial architecture
1.2. CUPS architecture
1.3. Heterogeneous networks

2 MBB Service – Spatial Multiplexing

2.1. Multiplexing techniques
2.2. Antenna ports
2.3. UCI
2.4. Transmission modes
2.5. FD-MIMO mechanism
2.6. eFD-MIMO mechanism

3 MBB Service – Carrier Aggregation

3.1. Functional architecture
3.2. LTE aggregation
3.3. LAA aggregation
3.4. LWA aggregation
3.5. LWIP aggregation

4 Wi-Fi Integration – Network Architecture

4.1. Functional architecture
4.2. Tunnel establishment
4.3. DIAMETER protocol

5 Wi-Fi Integration – Procedures

5.1. Mutual authentication
5.2. SWu tunnel establishment
5.3. S2a/S2b tunnel establishment
5.4. S2c tunnel establishment

6 Wi-Fi Integration – Network Discovery and Selection

6.1. Mechanisms defined by 3GPP organization
6.2. Mechanisms defined by IEEE and WFA organizations

7 LLC Service – Proximity Communications

7.1. Introduction
7.2. Functional architecture
7.3. Direct discovery
7.4. Radio interface

8 LLC Service – Group Communications

8.1. Introduction
8.2. Transport architecture
8.3. Service architecture
8.4. Radio interface
8.5. Procedures

9 LLC Service – GCSE and MCPTT Functions

9.1. Introduction
9.2. GCSE function
9.3. MCPTT function
9.4. Procedures

10 MTC Service – Network Architecture

10.1. Functional architecture
10.2. Network optimization
10.3. Congestion control
10.4. Procedures

11 MTC Service – Radio Interfaces

11.1. Introduction
11.2. Special features
11.3. LTE-M interface
11.4. NB-IoT interface

12 MBB Service – 5G Integration

12.1. Deployment options
12.2. Functional architecture
12.3. Protocol architecture
12.4. Procedures
12.5. Transmission chain

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1. Different types of X2-based handover
Table 1.2. CPRI payload rate
Table 1.3. CPRI rate
Table 1.4. Number of radio channels carried on the CPRI

Chapter 2

Table 2.1. Association of the antenna ports and reference signals: downlink
Table 2.2. Numbering of antenna ports for the uplink
Table 2.3. Transfer modes of the aperiodic reports
Table 2.4. Transfer modes of the periodic reports
Table 2.5. Downlink transmission modes
Table 2.6. Correspondence between the configuration of the antennas and modes of...
Table 2.7. Comparison between MIMO and FD-MIMO
Table 2.8. Constitution of the antenna ports: FD-MIMO
Table 2.9. Constitution of the antenna ports: eFD-MIMO

Chapter 3

Table 3.1. LTE mobile categories from release 8
Table 3.2. LTE Advanced mobile categories
Table 3.3. Mobile categories for the downlink from release 12
Table 3.4. Mobile categories for the uplink from release 12
Table 3.5. Type-2 frame configuration

Chapter 4

Table 4.1. DIAMETER messages on the SWx interface
Table 4.2. DIAMETER messages on the STa and SWa interfaces
Table 4.3. DIAMETER messages on the S6b interface
Table 4.4. DIAMETER messages on the SWm interface
Table 4.5. DIAMETER messages on the Gx, Gxa and Gxb interfaces

Chapter 6

Table 6.1. ANQP information elements

Chapter 8

Table 8.1. Transport of the RRC message
Table 8.2. Message transport relating to counting

Chapter 9

Table 9.1. QoS class identifier

Chapter 11

Table 11.1. PRBs allocated to the synchronization signals
Table 11.2. RU structure

Chapter 12

Table 12.1. Spacing between sub-carriers
Table 12.2. PRB number
Table 12.3. Radio channel bandwidth
Table 12.4. Time frame structure
Table 12.5. PSS, SSS and PBCH location: NR interface

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1. Functional architecture of the EPS network
Figure 1.2. Protocol architecture: the control plane
Figure 1.3. Protocol architecture: the user plane
Figure 1.4. Protocol architecture of the LTE-Uu interface
Figure 1.5. The downlink chain of transmission
Figure 1.6. The uplink chain of transmission
Figure 1.7. Protocol architecture of the X2 interface: the control plane
Figure 1.8. Protocol architecture of the user plane during the handover based on...
Figure 1.9. CUPS architecture
Figure 1.10. Protocol architecture of the Sx interface: the control plane
Figure 1.11. Functional architecture implementing the HeNB station: variant 1
Figure 1.12. Functional architecture implementing the HeNB station: variant 2
Figure 1.13. Functional architecture implementing the HeNB station: variant 3
Figure 1.14. Functional architecture implementing the relay node
Figure 1.15. Connecting the relay node: the control plane
Figure 1.16. Connecting the mobile: the control plane
Figure 1.17. Connecting the mobile: the user plane
Figure 1.18. Protocol architecture of the X2 interface: the control plane
Figure 1.19. Protocol architecture of the X2 interface: the user plane
Figure 1.20. C-RAN architecture
Figure 1.21. Distribution of functions between the BBU and RRH modules
Figure 1.22. Functional architecture implementing dual connectivity
Figure 1.23. Protocol architecture of the radio interface implementing dual conn...

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1. SU-MIMO mechanism
Figure 2.2. MU-MIMO mechanism
Figure 2.3. Beamforming
Figure 2.4. Antenna configurations
Figure 2.5. Beamforming in different planes
Figure 2.6. AAS
Figure 2.7. Mapping between the TXU/TRU and the antenna elements
Figure 2.8. CSI-RS mapping: FD-MIMO
Figure 2.9. CSI-RS reference signal mapping: eFD-MIMO

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1. Functional architecture for LTE and Wi-Fi carrier aggregation
Figure 3.2. Radio channel aggregation
Figure 3.3. Inter-carrier scheduling
Figure 3.4. Structure of type-1 frame
Figure 3.5. Structure of type-2 frame
Figure 3.6. LBT mechanism: FBE option
Figure 3.7. LBT mechanism: LBE option
Figure 3.8. Protocol architecture for LWA: collocated eNB and AP entities
Figure 3.9. Protocol architecture for LWA: distant eNB and AP entities
Figure 3.10. WT Addition procedure
Figure 3.11. WT Modification procedure initiated by the eNB entity
Figure 3.12. WT Modification procedure initiated by the access point
Figure 3.13. WT Release procedure initiated by the eNB entity
Figure 3.14. WT Release procedure initiated by the access point
Figure 3.15. Protocol architecture for the LWIP aggregation
Figure 3.16. LWIP and IPSec tunnel establishment

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1. Functional architecture based on the S2a interface
Figure 4.2. Connection to the PDN for the architecture based on the S2a interfac...
Figure 4.3. Functional architecture based on the S2b interface
Figure 4.4. Connection to the PDN for the architecture based on the S2b interfac...
Figure 4.5. Functional architecture based on the S2c interface trusted Wi-Fi acc...
Figure 4.6. Functional architecture based on the S2c interface untrusted Wi-Fi a...
Figure 4.7. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface control plane for t...
Figure 4.8. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface user plane for the ...
Figure 4.9. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface control plane for t...
Figure 4.10. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface user plane for the...
Figure 4.11. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface control plane for ...
Figure 4.12. Protocol architecture based on the S2a interface user plane for the...
Figure 4.13. Protocol architecture based on the S2b interface control plane for ...
Figure 4.14. Protocol architecture based on the S2b interface user plane for the...
Figure 4.15. Protocol architecture based on the S2c interface control plane for ...
Figure 4.16. Protocol architecture based on the S2c interface user plane for the...
Figure 4.17. AAA server interfaces using the DIAMETER protocol
Figure 4.18. PCRF interfaces using the DIAMETER protocol

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1. Transport of the EAP-AKA’ messages
Figure 5.2. Mutual authentication procedure
Figure 5.3. Procedure for rapid renewal of authentication
Figure 5.4. SWu tunnel establishment procedure
Figure 5.5. Procedure for rapid renewal of authentication
Figure 5.6. PMIPv6 architecture
Figure 5.7. S2a tunnel establishment using the PMIPv6 mechanism
Figure 5.8. S2b tunnel establishment using PMIPv6 mechanism
Figure 5.9. S2a tunnel establishment using the GTPv2 mechanism
Figure 5.10. Components of mobility
Figure 5.11. S2a tunnel establishment using the MIPv4 FA mechanism
Figure 5.12. S2c tunnel establishment: trusted Wi-Fi access
Figure 5.13. S2c tunnel establishment: untrusted Wi-Fi access

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1. ANDI
Figure 6.2. ISMP
Figure 6.3. IFOM rules
Figure 6.4. MAPCON rules
Figure 6.5. NSWO rules
Figure 6.6. IARP rules
Figure 6.7. WLANSP
Figure 6.8. Wi-Fi access network preferences
Figure 6.9. GAS/ANQP exchanges

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1. Deployment scenarios for D2D communications
Figure 7.2. Different types of V2X communication
Figure 7.3. Functional architecture: D2D communications
Figure 7.4. Transport of the HTTP/XML message
Figure 7.5. Functional architecture: V2X communications
Figure 7.6. eNB-type and UE-type RSU
Figure 7.7. Radio interface structure
Figure 7.8. Resources allocated to the sidelink
Figure 7.9. Resources allocated to SLSS and PSBCH
Figure 7.10. Resources allocated to the sidelink: adjacent resource blocks
Figure 7.11. Resources allocated to the sidelink: non-adjacent resource blocks
Figure 7.12. DMRS associated with PSCCH and PSSCH
Figure 7.13. DMRS associated with SLSS and PSBCH

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1. eMBMS network: transport architecture
Figure 8.2. eMBMS network: service architecture
Figure 8.3. Structure of the BM-SC entity
Figure 8.4. Setting up the keys
Figure 8.5. Protocol architecture of the Ua interface
Figure 8.6. Mapping of the MBSFN-RS: a step of 15 kHz between the sub-carriers
Figure 8.7. Mapping of the MBSFN-RS: a step of 7.5 kHz between the sub-carriers
Figure 8.8. Processing associated with the PMCH
Figure 8.9. Turbo code
Figure 8.10. Allocation of frames and sub-frames to the MBMS
Figure 8.11. MCCH scheduling
Figure 8.12. MTCH scheduling
Figure 8.13. Mutual authentication
Figure 8.14. Mobile registration
Figure 8.15. Multicast bearer establishment

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1. GCSE function
Figure 9.2. Application services
Figure 9.3. Management services
Figure 9.4. MCPTT-1 interfaces
Figure 9.5. MCPTT-3 interfaces
Figure 9.6. Group creation
Figure 9.7. Group affiliation
Figure 9.8. Session pre-establishment: group call
Figure 9.9. Group call
Figure 9.10. Private call: automatic start-up mode
Figure 9.11. Private call: manual start-up mode
Figure 9.12. Floor

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1. Network architecture
Figure 10.2. Different variants of data transmission
Figure 10.3. RRC Suspend procedure
Figure 10.4. RRC Resume procedure
Figure 10.5. LAPI notification
Figure 10.6. Congestion control: session establishment reject
Figure 10.7. Congestion control: attachment reject
Figure 10.8. Congestion control: connection reject
Figure 10.9. Triggering procedure by short message
Figure 10.10. Group message delivery
Figure 10.11. HSS and MME configuration: single process
Figure 10.12. HSS and MME configuration: group process
Figure 10.13. PGW configuration: single process
Figure 10.14. PGW configuration: group process
Figure 10.15. NIDD configuration
Figure 10.16. Downlink NIDD transfer
Figure 10.17. Uplink NIDD transfer

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1. PSM
Figure 11.2. Guard time
Figure 11.3. PBCH structure
Figure 11.4. NB-IoT radio channel
Figure 11.5. Physical resource block
Figure 11.6. NPSS
Figure 11.7. NSSS
Figure 11.8. NRS
Figure 11.9. NPBCH: repetition structure
Figure 11.10. NPBCH: sub-frame structure
Figure 11.11. NPDCCH
Figure 11.12. DMRS
Figure 11.13. NPRACH

Chapter 12

Figure 12.1. SA and NSA configurations
Figure 12.2. Functional architecture
Figure 12.3. en-gNB architecture
Figure 12.4. Protocol architecture of the NR interface
Figure 12.5. Protocol architecture: mobile side
Figure 12.6. Protocol architecture: eNB and en-gNB side
Figure 12.7. Split configuration of the functions between CU and DU
Figure 12.8. Adding a secondary node
Figure 12.9. Changing a secondary node initiated by the eNB entity
Figure 12.10. Removing a secondary node initiated by the eNB entity
Figure 12.11. PSS, SSS and PBCH location: LTE interface and TDD mode
Figure 12.12. Block of PSS, SSS and PBCH
Figure 12.13. PSS, SSS and PBCH location: NR interface

List of Abbreviations

3GPP:: 3rd Generation Partnership Project

5GC:: 5G Core

5G NR:: 5G New Radio

A

AA:: Antenna Array

AAA:: Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

AAA:: Authenticate-Authorize-Answer

AAR:: Authenticate-Authorize-Request

AAS:: Active Antenna System

ADM:: Activation/Deactivation MAC

AES:: Advanced Encryption Standard

AESE:: Architecture Enhancements for Service capability Exposure

AF:: Application Function

AH:: Authentication Header

AIA:: Authentication-Information-Answer

AIR:: Authentication-Information-Request

AKA:: Authentication and Key Agreement

AM:: Acknowledged Mode

AMBR:: Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate

ANDI:: Access Network Discovery Information

ANDSF:: Access Network Discovery and Selection Function

ANQP:: Access Network Query Protocol

AP:: Access Point

AP:: Application Part

API:: Application Programming Interface

APN:: Access Point Name

ARP:: Allocation and Retention Priority

ARQ:: Automatic Repeat reQuest

AS:: Application Server

ASA:: Abort-Session-Answer

ASR:: Abort-Session-Request

AUTN:: Authentication Network

B

BBU:: Base Band Unit

BCE:: Binding Cache Entry

BIA:: Bootstrapping-Info-Answer

BIR:: Bootstrapping-Info-Request

BM-SC:: Broadcast/Multicast Service Center

BSF:: Bootstrapping Server Function

BSSID:: Basic Service Set Identifier

B-TID:: Bootstrapping Transaction Identifier

BWP:: Bandwidth Part

C

CA:: Carrier Aggregation

CC:: Component Carrier

CCA:: Clear Channel Assessment

CCA:: Credit-Control-Answer

CCR:: Credit-Control-Request

CDD:: Cyclic Delay Diversity

CE:: Coverage Extension

CIA:: Configuration-Information-Answer

CIoT:: Cellular Internet of Things

CIR:: Configuration-Information-Request

CK:: Cipher Key

CMA:: Connection-Management-Answer

CMR:: Connection-Management-Request

CN:: Correspondent Node

CNA:: Correspondent Node Address

CoA:: Care of Address

CoMP:: Coordinated Multi Point

CP:: Control Plane

CPRI:: Common Public Radio Interface

CQI:: Channel Quality Indicator

CRC:: Cyclic Redundancy Check

CRI:: CSI Resource Index

CRS:: Cell-specific Reference Signal

CS:: Circuit-Switched

CSFB:: Circuit-Switched Fallback

CSI:: Channel State Information

CSMA/CA:: Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance

CU:: Centralized Unit

CUPS:: Control and User Plane Separation

D

D2D:: Device to Device

DAA:: Device-Action-Answer

DAR:: Device-Action-Request

DC:: Dual Connectivity

DCI:: Downlink Control Information

DEA:: Diameter-EAP-Answer

DeNB:: Donor eNB

DER:: Diameter-EAP-Request

DFT-S-OFDM:: Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM

D–H:: Diffie–Hellman

DHCP:: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DL:: Downlink

DL-SCH:: Downlink Shared Channel

DMRS:: Demodulation Reference Signal

DMTC:: Discovery Measurement Timing Configuration

DNA:: Device-Notification-Answer

DNR:: Device-Notification-Request

DNS:: Domain Name System

DoA:: Direction of Arrivals

DRA:: Device-Report-Answer

DRB:: Data Radio Bearer

DRR:: Device-Report-Request

DRS:: Discovery Reference Signal

DSCP:: DiffServ Code Point

DSMIPv6:: Dual-Stack Mobile IP version 6

DTA:: Device-Trigger-Answer

DTR:: Device-Trigger-Request

DU:: Distributed Unit

DwPTS:: Downlink Pilot Time Slot

E

EAP:: Extensible Authentication Protocol

EAPOL:: EAP Over LAN

EBF:: Elevation Beamforming

ECGI:: E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier

eCPRI:: enhanced Common Public Radio Interface

eDRX:: extended Discontinuous Reception

EHSP:: Equivalent Home Service Providers

eICIC:: enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination

eLAA:: enhanced LAA

eMBMS:: evolved Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service

EMSK:: Extended Master Session Key

eNB:: evolved Node Base station

en-gNB:: E-UTRA-NR DC next generation Node B

EPC:: Evolved Packet Core

ePDCCH:: enhanced PDCCH

ePDG:: evolved Packet Data Gateway

EPS:: Evolved Packet System

E-RAB:: EPS Radio Access Bearer

ESP:: Encapsulating Security Payload

E-UTRAN:: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

F

FA:: Foreign Agent

FAA:: Foreign Agent Address

FBE:: Frame-Based Equipment

FDD:: Frequency-Division Duplex

FD-MIMO:: Full-Dimension MIMO

FEC:: Forward Error Correction

FFT:: Fast Fourier Transform

FLUTE:: File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport

FQDN:: Full Qualified Domain Name

FR:: Frequency Range

FSTD:: Frequency Shift Transmit Diversity

G

GAA:: GCS-Action-Answer

GAR:: GCS-Action-Request

GAS:: Generic Advertisement Service

GBA:: Generic Bootstrapping Architecture

GCSE:: Group Communication System Enablers

GNA:: GCS-Notification-Answer

gNB:: next generation Node Base station

GNR:: GCS-Notification-Request

GNSS:: Global Navigation Satellite System

GP:: Gap Period

GRE:: Generic Routing Encapsulation

GTP-U:: GPRS Tunneling Protocol User

GTPv2-C:: GPRS Tunneling Protocol Control

GUTI:: Globally Unique Temporary Identity

H

HA:: Home Agent

HARQ:: Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest

HeNB:: Home eNB

HESSID:: Homogeneous Extended Service Set Identifier

HI:: HARQ Indicator

HNP:: Home Network Prefix

HoA:: Home Address

HSS:: Home Subscriber Server

HTTP:: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

I

IARP:: Inter-APN Routing Policy

ICE:: Interactive Connectivity Establishment

IDA:: Insert-Subscriber-Data-Answer

IDR:: Insert-Subscriber-Data-Request

IEEE:: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IFFT:: Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

IFOM:: IP Flow Mobility

IGMP:: Internet Group Management Protocol

IK:: Integrity Key

IKEv2:: Internet Key Exchange version 2

IMS:: IP Multimedia Sub-system

IMSI:: International Mobile Subscriber Identity

IP:: Internet Protocol

IPSec:: IP Security

IP-SM-GW:: IP Short-Messaging Gateway

ISMP:: Inter-System Mobility Policy

ISRP:: Inter-System Routing Policy

L

LAA:: Licensed Assisted Access

LAPI:: Low Access Priority Indicator

LBE:: Load-Based Equipment

LBT:: Listen Before Talk

LCID:: Logical Channel Identifier

LDPC:: Low-Density Parity Check

LLC:: Low Latency Communication

LLC:: Logical Link Control

LMA:: Local Mobility Anchor

LMAA:: LMA Address

LMD:: Local Mobility Domain

LTE:: Long-Term Evolution

LWA:: LTE–Wi-Fi Aggregation

LWAAP:: LWA Adaptation Protocol

LWIP:: LTE/WLAN radio level integration with IPsec tunnel

LWIPEP:: LWIP Encapsulation Protocol

M

MAA:: Multimedia-Authentication-Answer

MAC:: Medium Access Control

MAC:: Message Authentication Code

MAG:: Mobile Access Gateway

MAPCON:: Multi-Access PDN Connectivity

MAR:: Multimedia-Authentication-Request

MBB:: Mobile Broadband

MBMS GW:: MBMS Gateway

MBSFN:: MBMS Single-Frequency Network

MCC:: Mobile Country Code

MCCH:: Multicast Control Channel

MCE:: Multi-cell/Multicast Coordination Entity

MCG:: Master Cell Group

MCH:: Multicast Channel

MCL:: Maximum Coupling Loss

MCM:: Multi-Connection Mode

MCPTT:: Mission Critical Push-to-Talk

MCS:: Modulation and Coding Scheme

MEC:: Mobile Edge Computing

MeNB:: Master eNB

MIB:: Master Information Block

MIB-NB:: MIB NarrowBand

MIKEY:: Multimedia Internet KEYing

MIMO:: Multiple Input Multiple Output

MIP:: Mobile IP

MIP-RK:: MIP Root Key

MIPv4 FA:: Mobile IP version 4 Foreign Agent

MISO:: Multiple Input Single Output

MLP:: Mobile Location Protocol

MME:: Mobility Management Entity

MN:: Mobile Node

MNC:: Mobile Network Code

MO:: Management Object

MPDCCH:: MTC PDCCH

MRK:: MBMS Request Key

MSC:: Mobile Switching Center

MSK:: Master Session Key

MSK:: MBMS Service Key

MTC:: Machine Type Communication

MTCH:: Multicast Traffic Channel

MTK:: MBMS Traffic Key

MUK:: MBMS User Key

MU-MIMO:: Multi-User MIMO

N

NAI:: Network Access Identifier

NAPT:: Network Address and Port Translation

NAS:: Non-Access Stratum

NAT:: Network Address Translation

NB-IoT:: NarrowBand Internet of Things

NCCE:: Narrowband Control Channel Element

NFV:: Network Function Virtualization

NIA:: NIDD-Information-Answer

NIDD:: Non-IP Data Delivery

NIR:: NIDD-Information-Request

NPBCH:: Narrowband PBCH

NPDCCH:: Narrowband PDCCH

NPDSCH:: Narrowband PDSCH

NPRACH:: Narrowband PRACH

NPSS:: Narrowband PSS

NPUSCH:: Narrowband PUSCH

NRS:: Narrowband Reference Signal

NSA:: Non-Standalone

NSSS:: Narrowband SSS

NSWO:: Non-Seamless WLAN Offload

O

OCC:: Orthogonal Covering Code

ODA:: MO-Data-Answer

ODR:: MO-Data-Request

OFDM:: Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

OFDMA:: Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access

OPI:: Offload Preference Indication

OTDOA:: Observed Time Difference Of Arrival

P

PBA:: Proxy Binding Acknowledgment

PBCH:: Physical Broadcast Channel

PBU:: Proxy Binding Update

PCCC:: Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code

PCEF:: Policy and Charging Enforcement Function

PCFICH:: Physical Control Format Indicator Channel

PCI:: Physical-layer Cell Identity

PCRF:: Policy and Charging Rules Function

PDCCH:: Physical Downlink Control Channel

PDCP:: Packet Data Convergence Protocol

PDN:: Packet Data Network

PDSCH:: Physical Downlink Shared Channel

PFCP:: Packet Forwarding Control Protocol

PGW:: PDN Gateway

PGW-C:: PGW Controller

PGW-U:: PGW User

PHICH:: Physical HARQ Indicator Channel

PHR:: Power HeadRoom

PMCH:: Physical Multicast Channel

PMI:: Precoder Matrix Indicator

PMIPv6:: Proxy Mobile IP version 6

PMK:: Pairwise Master Key

PPA:: Push-Profile-Answer

PPR:: Push-Profile-Request

PRACH:: Physical Random Access Channel

PRB:: Physical Resource Block

ProSe:: Proximity Service

PRS:: Positioning Reference Signal

PS:: Packet-Switched

PSBCH:: Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel

PSCCH:: Physical Sidelink Control Channel

PSDCH:: Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel

PSM:: Power Saving Mode

PSPL:: Preferred Service Provider List

PSS:: Primary Synchronization Signal

PSSCH:: Physical Sidelink Shared Channel

PSSS:: Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal

PTRS:: Phase Tracking Reference Signal

PUCCH:: Physical Uplink Control Channel

PUSCH:: Physical Uplink Shared Channel

Q

QAM:: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QCI:: QoS Class Identifier

QFI:: QoS Flow Identifier

QoS:: Quality of Service

QPP:: Quadratic Permutation Polynomial

QPSK:: Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying

R

RAA:: Re-Auth-Answer

RAR:: Re-Auth-Request

RAR:: Random Access Response

RB:: Resource Block

RDN:: Radio Distribution Network

RF:: Radio Frequency

RI:: Rank Indicator

RIA:: Reporting-Information-Answer

RIR:: Reporting-Information-Request

RLC:: Radio Link Control

RN:: Relay Node

RNTI:: Radio Network Temporary Identifier

ROHC:: Robust Header Compression

RP:: Resource Pool

RRC:: Radio Resource Control

RRH:: Remote Radio Head

RS:: Reference Signal

RSRP:: Reference Signal Received Power

RSRQ:: Reference Signal Received Quality

RSSI:: Received Signal Strength Indication

RSU:: Road Side Unit

RTA:: Registration-Termination-Answer

RTP:: Real-time Transport Protocol

RTR:: Registration-Termination-Request

RU:: Resource Unit

S

SA:: Security Association

SA:: Standalone

SAA:: Server-Assignment-Answer

SAR:: Server-Assignment-Request

SBCCH:: Sidelink Broadcast Control Channel

SC:: Sidelink Control

SCEF:: Service Capability Exposure Function

SC-FDMA:: Single-Carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access

SCG:: Secondary Cell Group

SCH:: Sub-Channel

SCI:: Sidelink Control Information

SCM:: Single-Connection Mode

SC-PTM:: Single-Cell Point-To-Multipoint

SCS:: Services Capability Server

SCTP:: Stream Control Transmission Protocol

SDAP:: Service Data Adaptation Protocol

SDF:: Service Data Flow

SDL:: Supplementary Downlink

SDN:: Software-Defined Networking

SDP:: Session Description Protocol

SeGW:: Security Gateway

SeNB:: Secondary eNB

SFBC:: Space Frequency Block Coding

SGW:: Serving Gateway

SGW-C:: SGW Controller

SGW-U:: SGW User

SIA:: Subscriber-Information-Answer

SIB:: System Information Block

SIMO:: Single Input Multiple Output

SIP:: Session Initiation Protocol

SIR:: Subscriber-Information-Request

SISO:: Single Input Single Output

SL:: Sidelink

SL-BCH:: Sidelink Broadcast Channel

SL-DCH:: Sidelink Discovery Channel

SLI:: Sidelink Identifier

SL-MIB:: Sidelink Master Information Block

SLP:: SUPL Location Platform

SL-SCH:: Sidelink Shared Channel

SLSS:: Sidelink Synchronization Signal

SMS:: Short Message Service

SMS-SC:: SMS Service Center

SPR:: Subscription Profile Repository

SR:: Scheduling Request

SRB:: Signaling Radio Bearer

SRS:: Sounding Reference Signal

SSID:: Service Set Identifier

SSS:: Secondary Synchronization Signal

SSSS:: Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal

STA:: Session Termination Answer

STCH:: Sidelink Traffic Channel

STR:: Session Termination Request

SUL:: Supplementary Uplink

SU-MIMO:: Single-User MIMO

SUPL:: Secure User Plane Location

T

TAI:: Tracking Area Identity

TBCC:: Tail-Biting Convolutional Coding

TC:: Traffic Class

TDA:: MT-Data-Answer

TDD:: Time-Division Duplex

TDMA:: Time-Division Multiple Access

TDR:: MT-Data-Request

TEID:: Tunnel Endpoint Identifier

TFT:: Traffic Flow Template

TM:: Transparent Mode

TMGI:: Temporary Mobile Group Identity

TRP:: Time Repetition Pattern

TSC:: Transparent Single-Connection

TTI:: Transmission Time Interval

TWAG:: Trusted WLAN Access Gateway

TWAN:: Trusted WLAN Access Network

TWAP:: Trusted WLAN AAA Proxy

U

UCI:: Uplink Control Information

UE:: User Equipment

UICC:: Universal Integrated Circuit Card

UL:: Uplink

UM:: Unacknowledged Mode

U-NII:: Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure

UP:: User Plane

UpPTS:: Uplink Pilot Time Slot

V, W, X

V2I:: Vehicle to Infrastructure

V2N:: Vehicle to Network

V2P:: Vehicle to Pedestrian

V2V:: Vehicle to Vehicle

V2X:: Vehicle to everything

VoLTE:: Voice over LTE

WCDMA:: Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access

WFA:: Wi-Fi Alliance

Wi-Fi:: Wireless Fidelity

WLAN:: Wireless Local Area Network

WLANSP:: WLAN Selection Policy

WLCP:: WLAN Control Plane

XML:: Extensible Markup Language

Towards the 5G Mobile Network

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V, W, X