Edited by
PETER D. LUND
Aalto University, Finland
JOHN BYRNE
University of Delaware, USA
REINHARD HAAS
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
DAMIAN FLYNN
University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
This edition first published 2019
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Lund, Peter D., editor.
Title: Advances in energy systems : the large‐scale renewable energy integration challenge / edited by Peter D. Lund (Aalto University School of Science, Finland) [and three others].
Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2018046918 (print) | LCCN 2018047879 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119508335 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119508328 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119508281 (hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: Renewable energy sources. | Power resources–Forecasting.
Classification: LCC TJ808 (ebook) | LCC TJ808 .A3838 2019 (print) | DDC 333.79/4–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018046918
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: (Left top) © Eviart/Shutterstock, (Right top) © Stocksolutions/Shutterstock, (Left bottom) © metamorworks/Shutterstock, (Right bottom) © guteksk7/Shutterstock
Amela Ajanovic
F. M. Andersen
Göran Andersson
Atle Rygg Årdal
Hans Auer
Ricardo Bessa
Marilyn A. Brown
Daniel Burke
Alexander Buttler
John Byrne
Luis Carr
Gianni Celli
Debora Coil‐Mayor
Nicolaos A. Cutululis
Lewis Dale
Salvatore D'Arco
Jan Dobschinski
Robert Entriken
Peter B. Eriksen
Ana Estanqueiro
Hossein Farahmand
Sebastian Fendt
Damian Flynn
Alain Forcione
Bethany Frew
Matthias Gaderer
Matthias D. Galus
Andrew Garnett
Emilio Ghiani
Madeline Gibescu
Emilio Gómez‐Lázaro
Chris Greig
Reinhard Haas
Anca D. Hansen
Ove Hoegh‐Guldberg
Hannele Holttinen
Daniel Huertas‐Hernando
Eduardo Ibanez
Shin‐ichi Inage
Kenneth B. Karlsson
Jonas Katz
Ben Kaun
Sila Kiliccote
Kyung N. Kim
Lena Kitzing
Juha Kiviluoma
Magnus Korpas
Thilo Krause
Joe L. Lane
H. V. Larsen
Warren Lasher
Joohee Lee
Chen‐Ching Liu
Joao A. P. Lopes
Peter D. Lund
Andre G. Madureira
Sergio M. Martinez
Manuel Matos
Nickie Menemenlis
Eric McFarland
Lutz Mez
Michael Milligan
Carlos Moreira
P. E. Morthorst
Carlo Obersteiner
Daniel Olsen
Mark O'Malley
Antje Orths
Dale Osborn
Paul Parker
Mary A. Piette
Fabrizio Pilo
Amalia Pizarro
Zakir Rather
Barry Rawn
Tobi Reid
Jenny Riesz
Erkka Rinne
Luis Rodrigues
Serafin van Roon
Ian H. Rowlands
Lisa Ruttledge
Diego Schmeda‐Lopez
Jürgen Schmid
Sascha T. Schröder
Jeongseok Seo
Naoki Shinohara
Bernardo Silva
Klaus Skytte
Simon Smart
Charles Smith
Lennart Söder
Michael D. Sohn
Gian G. Soma
Poul Sorensen
Benjamin K. Sovacool
Hartmut Spliethoff
Alexandru Stefanov
Morten Stryg
Job Taminiau
John Tande
Thomas Trotscher
Aidan Tuohy
Frans Van Hulle
Marina González Vayá
Ye Wang
Simon Watson
Jing Xie
Karl A. Zach
Robert Zavadil
Shan Zhou
The global energy system confronts huge challenges in the coming decades. The present‐day fossil‐fuel‐based energy production, which dominates the energy scenery, needs to be replaced by clean energy options to meet the climate change mitigation targets set in Paris in December 2015. At the same time, the demand for energy continues to grow, mainly due to growing prosperity in the less developed world. One of the main challenges will indeed be to secure a clean energy path to the future in the emerging economies, unlike the industrialized countries in the past.
Although global carbon dioxide emissions have increased almost by half since the days when the first climate agreement, under the UN auspice, was established in the 1990s, positive news is starting to emerge. In recent years global CO2 emissions have been stabilized, but these now need to be sent on a declining trajectory. Much of the positive development can be contributed to the rapid market share of renewable energy sources, notably solar and wind power. The cost of these technologies is becoming competitive with their fossil counterparts. More importantly, future prospects for renewable energy technologies are bright: there still remains potential for major technology developments, efficiency improvements, and cost reductions, which together could make renewable energy the mainstream energy solution.
Indeed, respected energy scenarios, for example those developed by the International Energy Agency (IEA), indicate that in the power (electricity) sector, which is of upmost importance with respect to emissions, a significant share of future generation capacity investments will be concentrated in solar and wind power by the middle of this century. We are already witnessing that these variable renewable electricity forms deliver a major share of the national electricity supply in some countries, such as Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and the United Kingdom. In the long‐term, more countries are envisioned to satisfy their clean energy demands through renewable energy.
Although renewable energy may play an important role across the entire energy system, it is particularly in the electricity sector where the new technologies will play a dominant role. Moreover, electricity demand is growing much faster than primary energy demand, due to electrification within our societies and everyday life, which stresses the role of electricity in the future energy system. Inherently, most new renewable power production technologies, such as solar and wind, but also marine power, do not rely on a supply of fuel, meaning that their instantaneous power production depends on the prevailing and time‐varying weather conditions. Thus, when transitioning to large‐scale deployment of renewable energy from variable sources, a key challenge will be matching supply of power against demand, on a range of time scales from seconds to hours, days, and weeks.
Large‐scale renewable electricity schemes in conjunction with existing energy systems can cause a range of different systemic issues, which need to be solved to make the best use of clean energy. Bridging the “new” and “old” energy is necessary, and both will need to coexist for some time, although the share from renewable sources will increase. An energy transition cannot be an on–off change, where we switch from old to new overnight! Integration of renewables into the energy system will thus be a critical issue, and of growing importance, in the coming years. We claim here that integration, in broad terms, will actually be the new hot topic in energy, if it is not already, which is not only linked to innovative technology solutions but which will also reshape energy markets, challenge existing business models for companies, and even integrate the consumer in a pivotal role.
Energy system integration of renewable energy is a wide field which covers themes ranging from modifying existing energy systems to better match renewables characteristics, introducing new flexibility measures and the evolution of energy‐limited technologies, exploiting communications and IT advancements within a smarter grid, and reforming markets, incentives, regulation and policy frameworks to obtain an operational, robust and economically viable energy resource portfolio.
The energy transition ahead is a huge challenge to all market actors. No one will be left untouched: policy makers, energy planners, businesses, developers, academia, and even end users need to be re‐educated to understand the new rules of the game. This book aims to provide timely guidance on how to prepare for the turbulence, which rushes toward us, presenting implementable solutions and proposing successful pathways moving forward.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and EnvironmentAdvances in Bioenergy – The Sustainability ChallengeAdvances in Energy Systems – The Large‐scale Renewable Energy Integration Challenge
The editors wish to thank Sandra Grayson, Louis Manoharan, Adalfin Jayasingh, Shalisha Sukanya and Peter Mitchell from Wiley for their great help and assistance during the process of finalizing this book.