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Contents

Cover

About the Authors

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Understanding Cisco Cloud Fundamentals (210-451) Assessment Exam

Cisco Cloud Administration (210-455) Assessment Exam

Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

An Introduction to Cloud Computing
The Evolutionary History of Cloud Computing
What Exactly Is Cloud Computing?
Introducing the Data Center
The Difference Between the Data Center and Cloud Computing Models
Common Cloud Characteristics
Exploring the Cloud Multitenancy Model
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 2: Defining Cloud Service Models

Introducing the Cloud Computing Service Models
Understanding the Different Cloud Service Models
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 3: Understanding Cloud Deployment Models

What Are the Primary Cloud Deployment Models?
The Public Cloud Model
The Private Cloud Model
The Community Cloud Model
The Hybrid Cloud Model
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 4: Introducing the Cisco Intercloud Solution

Introduction to the Cisco Intercloud Fabric Solution
Introduction to the Cisco Intercloud Components
Cisco Intercloud Fabric Services
Cisco Intercloud Fabric Benefits
Cisco Intercloud Fabric Use Cases
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 5: The Cisco Unified Computing System

An Introduction to the Cisco Unified Computing System
Exploring the Key Features of the UCS Product Family
UCS Blade Server B-Series
UCS Rack Server C-Series
UCS Interconnect and Unified Fabric Products
UCS Manager
UCS Central
Server Identity (Profiles, Pools, and Templates)
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 6: Cisco Data Center Products and Technologies

Data Center Network Architectures
Data Center LAN Fabric Design
Cisco Unified Fabric
Cisco Nexus Data Center Products
Software Defined Networking
Separating the Control and Data Plane
Exploring Device Programmability
Introduction to OpenDaylight
ACI Solutions to Enhance SDN
The Cisco ACI APIC
The Data Center Spine and Leaf Design
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 7: Server Virtualization in the Cloud

Introducing Virtualization
Understanding the Benefits of Virtualization
Introducing the Hypervisor
Understanding Server Virtualization
Virtual Machines and Server Virtualization Offerings
Bare-Metal Servers
Server Resource Virtualization
Migrating Servers to the Cloud
Virtualizing the Operating System
VM Resiliency in the Cloud
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 8: Infrastructure Virtualization

Network Switch Virtualization
VMware Virtual Switching
Cisco Nexus 1000v
Cisco Nexus 1100 and Virtual Network Services
Cisco Virtual Application Containers
VLANs and VxLAN
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 9: Cloud Storage

Introduction to Cloud Storage
Cloud Storage Models
File System Types
Storage Tiering
Storage Provisioning Concepts
Exploring Cloud Storage Technologies
Understanding the RAID Technologies
Disk Pools
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 10: Storage Area Networking

Introducing Storage Area Networking
Block Storage Technologies
File-Based Storage Technologies
NAS Storage Concepts
SAN Protocols and Hardware
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 11: Cisco Storage Product Families and Offerings

Introducing the Cisco Storage Network Product Lines
The Cisco MDS Family
The Nexus Product Family
The UCS Invicta (Whiptail) Family
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 12: Integrated Cloud Infrastructure Offerings

Integrated Infrastructure Overview
Integrated Infrastructures and Cisco Reference Designs
FlexPod (NetApp)
Vblock (Dell, EMC, VCE)
VSPEX (Dell, EMC)
OpenBlock (Red Hat)
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 13: Configuring Roles and Profiles

CLDFND Exam 210-455 Overview
An Introduction to Cisco Cloud Administration
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 14: Virtual Machine Operations

VM Operations
Cisco ONE Enterprise Cloud Suite
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 15: Virtual Application Containers

Understanding and Deploying Virtual Application Containers
Supporting and Troubleshooting Virtual App Containers
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 16: Intercloud Chargeback Model

Understanding the Chargeback Model
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 17: Cloud Reporting Systems

Cloud Reporting Systems
UCS Director Reporting
UCS Director Chargeback
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 18: UCS Director Service Catalogs

Cloud Provisioning with Service Catalogs
UCS Director Catalogs
UCS Director End-User Portal
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 19: Cisco Prime Service Catalog Templates and Provisioning

Prime Service Catalog Introduction
Prime Service Catalog Showcase
Importing to Prime Service Catalog
Ordering from Prime Service Catalog
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 20: Cisco Prime Service Catalog Components

Prime Service Catalog Components
Cisco UCS Director Orchestration and Automation
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Chapter 21: Cloud Monitoring and Remediation

Cloud Monitoring
Service Request Monitoring, Logs, and Backup
Cloud Serviceability Options
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions

Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions

Appendix B: Answers to Written Lab

Glossary

EULA

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Migrations from the corporate data center to the cloud
Figure 1.2 Mainframe and minicomputers
Figure 1.3 Client-server computing
Figure 1.4 Incompatible communications protocols
Figure 1.5 Cloud computing model
Figure 1.6 Infrastructure as a Service
Figure 1.7 Platform as a Service
Figure 1.8 Software as a Service
Figure 1.9 Cloud deployment models
Figure 1.10 Multiple organizations sharing a public cloud service
Figure 1.11 A single organization accessing a private cloud
Figure 1.12 The community cloud based on common interests or requirements
Figure 1.13 The hybrid is a combination of clouds.
Figure 1.14 Scaling up increases the capacity of a server.
Figure 1.15 Scaling out by adding additional servers to accommodate increased workloads
Figure 1.16 Resource pooling

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 Cloud services
Figure 2.2 Building blocks of a cloud
Figure 2.3 IaaS: what the consumer controls
Figure 2.4 IaaS: virtual vs. physical IaaS
Figure 2.5 AWS: front page
Figure 2.6 AWS: services
Figure 2.7 AWS: getting started
Figure 2.8 AWS: naming the VM
Figure 2.9 AWS: choosing an OS
Figure 2.10 AWS: choosing a type
Figure 2.11 AWS: image launching
Figure 2.12 AWS: the dashboard
Figure 2.13 Regions and availability zones
Figure 2.14 IaaS vs. PaaS
Figure 2.15 Google App Engine
Figure 2.16 Google App Engine: selecting a region
Figure 2.17 Google App Engine: backend services
Figure 2.18 Google App Engine: Development option
Figure 2.19 Google App Engine: Source Code area
Figure 2.20 Google App Engine: app.yaml
Figure 2.21 Google App Engine: cloud shell
Figure 2.22 Google App Engine: using Git
Figure 2.23 Google App Engine: deploy
Figure 2.24 Google App Engine: finished app
Figure 2.25 Google App Engine: web page
Figure 2.26 SaaS vs. PaaS

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Cloud deployment models
Figure 3.2 Public cloud deployment model
Figure 3.3 Resource pools
Figure 3.4 Private cloud model
Figure 3.5 Community model
Figure 3.6 Hybrid cloud model

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Separate providers vs. Cisco Intercloud
Figure 4.2 Cisco Intercloud Fabric
Figure 4.3 Intercloud components
Figure 4.4 Cisco Intercloud Secure Extension
Figure 4.5 VM to VM via ICX, ICS, and ICA
Figure 4.6 VSG and firewall services
Figure 4.7 ICF routing services
Figure 4.8 Secure ICF Shell

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Cisco UCS configuration
Figure 5.2 Cisco UCS B-series chassis front view
Figure 5.3 Cisco UCS B-series chassis rear view
Figure 5.4 Fabric interconnects
Figure 5.5 Cisco UCS B22 M3
Figure 5.6 UCS B200 M4
Figure 5.7 UCS B420 M4
Figure 5.8 UCS B420
Figure 5.9 UCS C22 M3
Figure 5.10 UCS C24 M3
Figure 5.11 UCS C220 M3
Figure 5.12 UCS C220 M4
Figure 5.13 UCS C240 M3
Figure 5.14 UCS C240 M4
Figure 5.15 UCS C420 M3
Figure 5.16 UCS C460 M4
Figure 5.17 Redundant fabric interconnect modules
Figure 5.18 Cisco UCS fabric interconnect model 6332
Figure 5.19 Cisco UCS fabric interconnect model 6332-16UP
Figure 5.20 Cisco UCS fabric interconnect model 6324
Figure 5.21 Cisco UCS Manager
Figure 5.22 UCS Manager interface
Figure 5.23 UCS Central main screen
Figure 5.24 UCS Central graphical interface
Figure 5.25 UCS service profiles
Figure 5.26 UCS service boot profile
Figure 5.27 UUID pool configuration screen
Figure 5.28 Server pool configuration screen
Figure 5.29 General server configuration screen

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 Three-tier design
Figure 6.2 Evolving to the three-tier design
Figure 6.3 Core design
Figure 6.4 Aggregation design
Figure 6.5 I/O consolidation
Figure 6.6 Priority-based flow control
Figure 6.7 The converged fabric
Figure 6.8 Nexus 2000 switching
Figure 6.9 Nexus 2000 product line
Figure 6.10 Nexus 5000 switches
Figure 6.11 Nexus 5000 GEM cards
Figure 6.12 Nexus 7000 switches
Figure 6.13 Nexus 9000
Figure 6.14 Modular control and data planes
Figure 6.15 OpenFlow
Figure 6.16 OpenFlow controller north and south
Figure 6.17 OpenDaylight operational view
Figure 6.18 Cisco ACI fabric
Figure 6.19 Cisco ACI policy hierarchy
Figure 6.20 Cisco ACI contract consumption
Figure 6.21 Core aggregation design
Figure 6.22 Spine and leaf design

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 VM portability between clouds
Figure 7.2 VM portability due to server failure
Figure 7.3 OS running directly on a bare-metal server
Figure 7.4 One VM failure will not affect other VMs.
Figure 7.5 Guest OS access virtualized hardware resources
Figure 7.6 Type 1 hypervisor
Figure 7.7 Type 2 hypervisor
Figure 7.8 Commercial hypervisors
Figure 7.9 Open source hypervisors
Figure 7.10 VM resources
Figure 7.11 Virtual machine snapshot
Figure 7.12 Virtual machine cloning
Figure 7.13 Physical-to-virtual migration
Figure 7.14 Virtual-to-virtual migration
Figure 7.15 Virtual-to-physical migration

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 Virtual switch versus physical switch
Figure 8.2 vSwitch traffic flow
Figure 8.3 Virtual hosts and physical
Figure 8.4 vSwitch port groups
Figure 8.5 vSwitch on multiple hosts
Figure 8.6 vSwitch and dvSwitch deployment
Figure 8.7 vSwitch and dvSwitch interfaces
Figure 8.8 Cisco Nexus 1000v
Figure 8.9 Cisco Nexus 1000v fabric
Figure 8.10 Network service deployment
Figure 8.11 vPath service insertion
Figure 8.12 VSG and traffic flow
Figure 8.13 CSR and the multitenant cloud
Figure 8.14 CSR and enterprise cloud
Figure 8.15 Traditional load balancing return
Figure 8.16 Netscaler 1000v and vPath
Figure 8.17 vPath service chains
Figure 8.18 VACS and containers
Figure 8.19 VLANs and local vs. stretched
Figure 8.20 VLANs stretched and MAC exhaustion
Figure 8.21 VxLAN header
Figure 8.22 VxLAN forwarding
Figure 8.23 VxLAN learning, ARP request
Figure 8.24 VxLAN learning, ARP response
Figure 8.25 VxLAN and EVPN

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 Direct-attached storage
Figure 9.2 Network-attached storage
Figure 9.3 Solid-state drive
Figure 9.4 Magnetic spinning hard drive
Figure 9.5 Tape drive
Figure 9.6 RAID level 0
Figure 9.7 RAID level 1
Figure 9.8 RAID level 1+0
Figure 9.9 RAID level 0+1
Figure 9.10 RAID level 5
Figure 9.11 RAID level 6

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 Traditional storage area network
Figure 10.2 Unified network
Figure 10.3 Redundant SAN networks
Figure 10.4 Typical storage array
Figure 10.5 Fibre Channel frame
Figure 10.6 iSCSI frame
Figure 10.7 NAS architecture
Figure 10.8 DAS architecture
Figure 10.9 Fibre Channel
Figure 10.10 Simple single fabric
Figure 10.11 Dual SAN fabric
Figure 10.12 Port types
Figure 10.13 WWN
Figure 10.14 HBA image
Figure 10.15 Converged network adapter
Figure 10.16 Converged network FCoE
Figure 10.17 Storage networking using Ethernet
Figure 10.18 An iSCSI-based network
Figure 10.19 SAN initiator and target

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 MDS 9100 series switches
Figure 11.2 MDS 9222i SAN switch
Figure 11.3 MDS 9250i SAN switch
Figure 11.4 MDS 9396s
Figure 11.5 MDS 9700 series
Figure 11.6 MDS 9706 series
Figure 11.7 MDS 9710 series
Figure 11.8 MDS 9718 series
Figure 11.9 Nexus 5672UP
Figure 11.10 Nexus 56128P
Figure 11.11 UCS 6332 fabric interconnect
Figure 11.12 UCS 6324 fabric interconnect
Figure 11.13 Cisco Invicta C3124SA flash storage appliance

Chapter 12

Figure 12.1 Early data center infrastructure
Figure 12.2 POD design
Figure 12.3 POD growth design

Chapter 14

Figure 14.1 Cisco UCS Director
Figure 14.2 UCS Director: Virtual Accounts
Figure 14.3 UCS Director: Adding virtual accounts
Figure 14.4 UCS Director: VMware hypervisor
Figure 14.5 UCS Director: Policies menu
Figure 14.6 UCS Director: the end-user self-service policies
Figure 14.7 UCS Director: VMware end-user policies
Figure 14.8 UCS Director: End User Policy window for VMware

Chapter 18

Figure 18.1 Cisco UCS Director: Add Catalog dialog
Figure 18.2 Add Catalog dialog: Application Details pane
Figure 18.3 Add Catalog dialog: Application Details pane, Category option
Figure 18.4 Add Catalog dialog: User Credentials pane
Figure 18.5 Add Catalog dialog: Customization pane
Figure 18.6 Add Catalog dialog: VM Access pane
Figure 18.7 Cisco UCS Director: advanced catalog
Figure 18.8 Advanced catalog creation: clicking Select on the vApp Workflow pane
Figure 18.9 Advanced catalog creation: Summary pane
Figure 18.10 Cisco UCS Director: service container
Figure 18.11 Cisco UCS Director: end-user portal
Figure 18.12 End-user portal: Catalogs page
Figure 18.13 End-user portal: catalog selection page

Chapter 19

Figure 19.1 Cisco PSC: the showcase
Figure 19.2 Customizing the showcase
Figure 19.3 Cisco PSC: categories
Figure 19.4 Cisco PSC: categories and presentation
Figure 19.5 Cisco PSC: BYOD services
Figure 19.6 Cisco PSC: integrations
Figure 19.7 Cisco PSC: new integration
Figure 19.8 Cisco PSC: integration fields
Figure 19.9 Cisco PSC: test integration
Figure 19.10 Cisco PSC: imported services
Figure 19.11 Cisco PSC: imported workflows
Figure 19.12 Cisco PSC: Service Link
Figure 19.13 Cisco PSC: UCSDAgent
Figure 19.14 Cisco PSC: Administration
Figure 19.15 Cisco PSC: Services Designer
Figure 19.16 Cisco PSC: Presentation options
Figure 19.17 Cisco PSC: service permissions
Figure 19.18 Cisco PSC: Browse Categories
Figure 19.19 Cisco PSC: Private Cloud IaaS category
Figure 19.20 Cisco PSC: search
Figure 19.21 Cisco PSC: search results
Figure 19.22 Cisco PSC: search continued
Figure 19.23 Cisco PSC: CentOS7 Ordering
Figure 19.24 Cisco PSC: ordering continued
Figure 19.25 Cisco PSC: two services ordered
Figure 19.26 Cisco PSC: order mode
Figure 19.27 Cisco PSC: adding to a cart
Figure 19.28 Cisco PSC: notifications
Figure 19.29 Cisco PSC: dashboard

Chapter 20

Figure 20.1 Cisco UCSD – Bare Metal Agent
Figure 20.2 Cisco UCSD – Bare Metal Agent Add
Figure 20.3 Cisco UCSD – Orchestration Workflows
Figure 20.4 Cisco UCSD – Workflow Designer
Figure 20.5 Cisco UCSD – Workflow Edit
Figure 20.6 Cisco UCS Performance Manager

Chapter 21

Figure 21.1 Cisco UCS Performance Manager: Topology screen
Figure 21.2 Cisco UCS Performance Manager: drilling down
Figure 21.3 Cisco UCS Performance Manager: Infrastructure screen
Figure 21.4 Cisco UCS Performance Manager: server drill-down
Figure 21.5 Cisco UCS Performance Manager: server graphs
Figure 21.6 Cisco UCS Manager
Figure 21.7 Cisco UCS Manager: Fabric Interconnects tab
Figure 21.8 Cisco UCS Manager: port properties pop-up
Figure 21.9 Cisco UCS Manager: Servers tab
Figure 21.10 Cisco UCS Manager: individual server
Figure 21.11 Cisco UCS Manager: Adapters tab
Figure 21.12 Cisco UCS Manager: adapter 1 properties
Figure 21.13 Cisco UCS Manager: NICs
Figure 21.14 Cisco UCS Director: CloudSense report
Figure 21.15 Cisco UCS Director: CloudSense assessments
Figure 21.16 Cisco UCS Director: default Dashboard
Figure 21.17 Cisco UCS Director: new Dashboard
Figure 21.18 Cisco UCS Director: adding to the Dashboard
Figure 21.19 Cisco UCS Director: service request monitoring
Figure 21.20 Cisco UCS Director: service request in progress
Figure 21.21 Cisco UCS Director: service request logs
Figure 21.22 Cisco UCS Director: service request statistics
Figure 21.23 Cisco UCS Director: Support Information menu item
Figure 21.24 Cisco UCS Director: Support Information drop-down
Figure 21.25 Cisco UCS Director: system information log
Figure 21.26 Cisco UCS Director: Show Log menu item
Figure 21.27 Cisco UCS Director: shell console
Figure 21.28 Cisco UCS Director: shell console, Infra Manager logs
Figure 21.29 Cisco Prime Service Catalog: administration
Figure 21.30 Cisco Prime Service Catalog: Utilities tab
Figure 21.31 Cisco Prime Service Catalog: shell
Figure 21.32 Cisco Prime Service Catalog: shell logs
Figure 21.33 Cisco UCS Director: database backup
Figure 21.34 Cisco UCS Director syslog
Figure 21.35 Cisco UCS Director: guided setup
Figure 21.36 Cisco UCS Director: initial config
Figure 21.37 Cisco UCS Director: guided setup for NTP
Figure 21.38 Cisco UCS Director: NTP setup
Figure 21.39 Cisco UCS Director: DNS guided setup
Figure 21.40 Cisco UCS Director: DNS setup
Figure 21.41 Cisco UCS Director: mail setup

About the Authors

Todd Montgomery has been in the networking industry for more than 35 years and holds many certifications from Cisco, CompTIA, Juniper, VMware, and other companies. He is Cisco CCNA Security, route/switch, data center, and CCNP/CCDP route/switch certified.

Todd has spent most of his career out in the field working on-site in data centers throughout North America and around the world. He has worked for equipment manufacturers, systems integrators, and end users of data center equipment in the public, service provider, and government sectors. He is currently working as a writer and technical editor and is involved in network automation projects.

Todd lives in Austin, Texas, and in his free time enjoys auto racing, general aviation, and Austin’s live music venues. He can be reached at toddmont@thegateway.net.

Steve Olson has been in the networking industry for almost 15 years and holds many certifications including Cisco’s CCIE #21910, the Cisco CCNA and CCNP amongst others. Steve has spent the majority of his career working in large enterprise as well as consulting for service providers around the world in the cloud, wan, and data center segments. He is currently working on SDN projects in the wan and data center spaces as well as overall cloud networking for the enterprise. He currently resides in Austin, Texas with his wife and two children. Steve enjoys music and guitar in his free time. Steve can be reached at stephenjolson@gmail.com.

Acknowledgments

There are many people who work to put a book together, and although as authors we dedicate an enormous amount of time to writing the book, it would never be published without the dedicated, hard work of the whole team at Wiley. They are truly a fantastic group to work with, and without the Wiley team this book would have never been possible.

First, we’d like to thank Kenyon Brown, our senior acquisitions editor, who offered us support and guidance through the writing process. Ken was always there to answer questions and point us in the right direction. Without Ken as a mentor, we could never have pulled this one off.

We also can never thank our development editor David Clark too many times; David is a true professional who stayed on top of the schedule and professionally reminded us of the next upcoming deadline we were working to meet. Without David’s help putting this book together, it would have been much more difficult than it was. David has the ability to take the raw text from the authors, who are primarily engineers, and manage to turn it into presentable copy. Thanks again, David!

Jon Buhagiar offered excellent input as our technical editor. He gave us invaluable feedback on how to make the technical concepts more understandable to the readers and pointed out where we needed to modify our technical content for accuracy. It was great that Jon was able to be on this project with us.

A big thank-you to Katie Wisor, the production editor for this book. Kim Wimpsett worked her markup magic in the background as the copy editor. The authors are both amazed at how Katie and Kim along with their team of professionals could take our work and transform it into such a presentable book. We’re sure there is a whole staff at Wiley lurking in the background, and we will never know how much they helped, but to everyone at Wiley, a big thank-you! You made the late nights and long weekends of writing and putting this book together all worthwhile.

CCNA^®

Cloud Complete
Study Guide
Exam 210-451 and Exam 210-455

About the Authors

Acknowledgments