Technology, Manufacturing and Grid Connection of Photovoltaic Solar Cells
Guangyu Wang
Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Wang, Guangyu, 1943- author.
Title: Technology, manufacturing and grid connection of photovoltaic solar cells / by Guangyu Wang.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2017042881 (print) | LCCN 2017055841 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119035190 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119035206 (epub) | ISBN 9781119035176 (cloth)
Subjects: LCSH: Solar cells. | Photovoltaic cells. | Photovoltaic power systems.
Guangyu Wang was born in 1943, Suzhou, China. He was graduated from Suzhou High School in 1960, and Peking University of Science and Technology in 1965, respectively. After graduation, he joined Emei semiconductor material research institute and worked on the process development and production. He received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in semiconductor material and device from Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1981 and 1985, respectively. He is now a research professor at Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He is the director of East-China High-Tech Innovation Park in Jiangsu province, China. He is a vice chairman of Shanghai Optoelectronics Trade Association (SOTA), responsible for PV industry. He has won several National Awards and enjoyed special government allowances of the State Council.
The author is grateful to Dr. Bingwen Liang for his assistance with translating and proof-reading. Dr Liang received his Ph.D. degree in Applied Physics from University of California at San Diego (UCSD) in 1993. After graduation, he joined HP's Optoelectronics Division (OED) in San Jose, California and worked on super-high-brightness light-emitting diode (LED) process development and production. In 2008, as a full professor Dr. Liang joined Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano- Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and later was appointed as the Director of Technology Transfer Center. He has more than 60 journal and conference publications and has given a number of conference presentations including invited talks. He co-authored the Chapter of “Semiconductor Lasers” in the Handbook of Optical Components and Engineering, John Wiley, New York, 2003. He has been granted six (6) US patents, more than sixty (60) China patents and about twenty five (25) China pending patents. He has more than twenty three (23) years of experience in III-V compound semiconductor materials and devices. His core expertise includes optoelectronic materials and devices for lighting, displays and green-energy applications.
Preface
In August 2014, through the recommendation of China Electric Power Press, the English version of Technology, Manufacturing and Grid Connection of Photovoltaic Solar Cells won the favour of U.S. publisher, John Wiley & Sons, and both parties decided to jointly publish the book. The original Chinese version of the book was completed in September 2010 and since then the photovoltaic (PV) industry has developed very rapidly. In 2010, polycrystalline silicon, the main raw material of PV solar cells, was mainly produced in foreign countries and China's PV power generation accounted for a small proportion of the world PV market. However, in 2014, both China's production of polycrystalline silicon and newly installed capacity of PV power were ranked first in the world. In addition, as China made major progress in the R&D of solar cell research, the core component of PV power generation, efficient silicon solar cell, compound thin-film solar cell, organic solar cell, dye solar cell and perovskite solar cell were developed one after another. PV internet technology was also beginning to take shape and the cost of PV power generation was close to the cost of conventional energy power generation.
This book has a total of seven chapters. Chapter 1, Basic Physics of Solar Cells, describes the PV effect resulted from solar spectral radiation to semiconductor materials and illustrates the basic principle of P-N junction and heterojunction semiconductor solar cell power generation. Chapter 2, Materials of Solar Cells, introduces polycrystalline silicon, monocrystalline silicon, thin-film silicon and compound materials commonly used in the PV industry and impurity analysis methods, especially emphasising low-cost and low-pollution solar-grade materials. Chapter 3, Preparation Methods of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells, elaborates on the production process and equipment of crystal silicon solar cell which boasts the largest production and widest application in the current PV industry, with a market share of 80%. Chapter 4, Preparation Methods of Thin-film Silicon Solar Cells, discusses the characteristics of thin-film silicon, solar cell optical attenuation mechanism and the device and the principle of thin-film deposition, making theoretical preparations for the introduction of non-silicon thin-film solar cells in Chapter 5, High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells and Non-Silicon-Based New Solar Cells, which can be divided into two sections. The first section mainly focuses on introducing efficient silicon solar cells such as passivation emitter solar cell, the interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell and amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cell based on the introduction of the traditional silicon solar cells in Chapters 3 and 4. The second section introduces the non-silicon-based III-V compound semiconductor multi-junction solar cell, II-VI semiconductor thin-film solar cell, organic solar cell, dye-sensitised solar cell, perovskite solar cell, concentrator solar cell and multiple quantum well solar cell, some of which are likely to develop very well in the next 10 years. Chapter 6, Modules and Arrays of Solar Cells, mainly describes module packaging materials, process and equipment. As modules are the major products exchanged by solar cell manufacturers in the market, this chapter focuses on the introduction of the reliability of the modules and the detection following packaging. Chapter 7, PV Systems and Grid-connected Technologies, first introduces multiple PV systems applicable to different environments and then introduces the main components in the PV system, except social cell modules such as energy storage batteries, inverters and controllers. In addition, it discusses the possible impact on the public power grid of the PV and other new energy source grid integration and how to pass product testing and certification and get access to the smart grid. Finally, it provides an overview of China's uneven development course of PV power generation in the past 10 years.
The PV industry has developed at a rapid speed that is rare in the modern industry and is even unmatched by the semiconductor industry. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, all countries in the world have attached great importance to the imminent exhaustion of the world's fossil energy and the problems, such as environmental pollution and climate change resulted from it, and have fully realised it is urgent and necessary to vigourously develop renewable energy such as solar energy. It's true that China still has a long way to go before we can use new energy, including PV energy, as alternative energy sources, but PV power generation has promising prospects and is developing at an amazing speed. As new energy is one of the heatedly discussed topics in the twenty-first century, I believe PV power generation and grid connection technology will be constantly updated by new research and development.
In the end, I would like to thank Dr. Liang Bingwen for reviewing some chapters of this book and Professor Jiang Xinyuan's valuable advice for this book. It makes me confident that I can finish the book.