This work is dedicated to Professor Ahmadou Wagué for guiding me as I embarked on my first steps in research.
For supervising both my PhD Thesis (2007) and my National PhD Thesis in Physical Sciences (2013).
May he find expressed in these few lines, my entire recognition as well as my full congratulations in his being the first African to be elected to the council of the American Physical Society (APS) in August 2017.
First published 2018 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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© ISTE Ltd 2018
The rights of Ibrahima Sakho to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962533
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78630-273-1