For our colleagues who continue to do unselfish acts that improve the lives of often anonymous people without asking for recognition or reward.

And for our students who energize us with their empathy and compassion, and delight in seeing our names in print,

We are indeed fortunate to love the work we do and do the work we love as servants to humanity, leaving our legacy to the next generation of counselors.

Charles R. Figley¹

I live across from the London Avenue Canal in New Orleans, one of the four drainage canals and one of two ruptured (in two places) in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. At least 1,245 people died, with total property damage of more than $108 billion. The lower parts of the city flooded and left a muddy mess; thousands of folks had homes that marinated in floodwaters for weeks. The disaster was the costliest natural disaster and one of the deadliest in U.S. history; yet, the flooding could have been prevented with proper preparation and maintenance. The same can be said for disaster mental health: Proper preparation and maintenance/training can increase mental health resilience.

This fourth edition builds on lessons from 9/11, Katrina, the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, and other tragedies. In this newly named book, Disaster Mental Health Counseling: A Guide to Preparing and Responding, there are original and revised chapters that serve as additional evidence to the first edition published by the American Counseling Association (ACA) Foundation, which remains a classic book critical to practitioners, practitioner educators, and scholars.

Jane M. Webber is a nationally known leader in trauma and disaster education, training, and practice, and she is a seasoned and certified Disaster Response Crisis Counselor in New Jersey—the first such state credential in the country. Dr. Webber served as Associate Editor of the Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision (published by the North Atlantic Region Association for Counselor Education and Supervision), ACA North Atlantic Region Chair, and a member of the ACA Governing Council, and she currently serves on the ACA Trauma Interest Network Leadership Board. As ACA Foundation Chair in the aftermath of 9/11, Dr. Webber advocated for creating the groundbreaking ACA Foundation book, Terrorism, Trauma, and Tragedies: A Counselor's Guide to Preparing and Responding. She served on the advisory committee that developed trauma-informed education competencies in the 2009 Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) Standards, the first such effort in the world that is now the standard of practice.

J. Barry Mascari is also a nationally known leader in trauma and disaster education, training, and practice. Dr. Mascari was a long-time member of the State of New Jersey's counselor licensing board for 10 years and was chair for 8 years. This experience, together with serving as president of the American Association of State Counseling Boards in 2006–2007, has strengthened his influence on state and national standards. He completed service on the CACREP Board when disaster and trauma response were again included in the 2016 Standards.

In 2009, Webber and Mascari published an article that has been widely read explaining the implications of the new CACREP standards for disaster, trauma, and crisis counseling for counseling professionals. Who knows better? Their conceptualizations in collaboration with dozens of experts have served as an important map to the postmodern era for both understanding trauma in general and recognizing that disasters are separate events leading to individual and mass trauma. Moreover, crisis counseling is based on an understanding of both the context of the crisis that caused the trauma and the application of neurobiological and relational knowledge about traumatic stress and resilience to it.

Webber and Mascari's careers have each spanned more than 45 years, and together they have conducted more than 120 disaster mental health and trauma trainings and workshops across the country. They have consistently advocated for disaster and trauma skills to have a central and pivotal role in counselor training as well as in counseling and mental health professions. In this revised edition, Webber and Mascari continue to promote general guidelines in developing disaster and trauma curricula that they make available to readers on a dedicated website supporting this book. These guidelines are converted to learning objectives for trauma-competent counselors. They emphasize that trauma-informed courses, training, and supervision always start with the following objective: “Understand the principles and purposes of disaster response, trauma counseling, and crisis intervention and their differences.” This book carries the reader through the chapters that collectively note the importance of disaster- and trauma-focused ethical guidelines, disaster response organizations, and markers for demonstrating competencies as practitioners (i.e., disaster response, trauma counseling, and crisis intervention). Other topics include networking, interprofessional collaboration with responders, and guidelines for educators preparing to teach this counseling specialty in classes.

This extensively revised and expanded edition integrates principles and new understandings about neurobiology's impact on disaster and trauma to improve resilience and to promote trauma recovery. Webber and Mascari properly apply evidence-based practice to trauma response that is stage and context/hazard specific so that counselors can respond effectively to those individuals affected by mass violence and terrorism. Such a response must be appropriate for vulnerable populations and communities, require multiple options that are the best fit in practice, and connect to local and cultural strengths in response to posttrauma community needs. At the same time, disaster mental health professionals need to care for themselves and fellow trauma workers to build resilience to compassion fatigue and other unwanted consequences of helping others. Webber and Mascari continue to raise trauma awareness by sharing the narratives and lived experiences of therapists and disaster mental health responders. They also prepare for the future by using web-based knowledge and multimedia approaches to teach about the above matters and to disseminate needed information rapidly.

The London Avenue Canal can provide some comfort to those of us living nearby. We can also expect that this book, in its fourth edition, will continue to serve as the critical guide to disaster and trauma education and practice for many years to come. Such a guide will make all of us more resilient to trauma by knowing we are not alone.

In the 8 years since the publication of the third edition of Terrorism, Trauma, and Tragedies: A Counselor's Guide to Preparing and Responding, the landscape of disaster has rapidly changed. While parts of the country experienced repeated natural disasters by devastating storms, fires, and floods, other places were in shock from intentional and often random shootings that inflicted enormous suffering, injuries, and deaths.

Advances in disaster mental health (DMH) counseling have unified what was a patchwork of well-meaning compassionate practices into a distinct counseling specialty with a formal body of knowledge, standards, and protocols. Since 9/11, milestones in the development of DMH counseling include the standardization of training and responding by the Federal Emergency Management Agency; the infusion of disaster, trauma, and crisis competencies in the 2009 Standards of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP); and the expanded role for counselors in DMH preparation, response, and recovery at the local, state, national, and international levels. To emphasize this comprehensive proactive approach to preparation and response, we have revised the title of the fourth edition to Disaster Mental Health Counseling: A Guide to Preparing and Responding.

The original book published in 2002 provided urgently needed resources for counselors in the aftermath of 9/11. In the second edition in 2005, we continued to provide information and practices for the long-term recovery after the terrorist attacks. The third edition in 2010 added lessons learned after Hurricane Katrina and the tragedies at Virginia Tech and other universities.

In this fourth edition, we have revised and expanded the book to achieve four major goals. First, with the collaboration of 27 contributors, we have developed a graduate counseling textbook and resource of current DMH and trauma knowledge and practice that addresses the CACREP 2016 Standards for graduate training. Second, we provide practical DMH skills and strategies for counselors and mental health professionals working in a range of settings: agencies, schools, universities, private practice, and international deployment. Third, we have created a compendium of state-of-the art information, research, resources, and practices in DMH counseling for professional development and training. Fourth, we have shared the learned experiences of responders in the field that reflect the expanding professional scope and roles of DMH and trauma counselors. The fourth edition continues to infuse an experiential approach that blends DMH and trauma concepts and practices with the practicality that has been this book's signature. Each chapter includes case studies and questions for discussion.

At the end of each chapter, we present brief personal stories called “In Our Own Words” that are free of the constraints of formal writing and research. These narratives and essays in the authors' own voice reflect their journeys through disasters, traumatic events, and real-world experiences. In addition, new and updated chapters by internationally recognized clinicians, trainers, and responders working in the field add a contemporary global perspective that addresses refugees and complex humanitarian crises.

We will also have two companion resources available to instructors in winter 2017: (1) a dedicated website to access chapter outlines, test questions, and resources, and (2) a curriculum guide for use in addressing the 2016 CACREP Standards. For further information, contact the editors at disastermhc@gmail.com.

Jane M. Webber, PhD, LPC, DRCC, and J. Barry Mascari, EdD, LPC, LCADC, DRCC, hold New Jersey Disaster Response Crisis Counselor Certification and serve on New Jersey's disaster mental health response team. Together, they are leaders in disaster mental health and trauma counseling training and practice and popular national presenters who have delivered more than 250 national, international, and state workshops and conference sessions. They are accomplished writers (together and individually), publishing groundbreaking articles such as “CACREP [Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs] Accreditation: A Solution to Counselor Identity and License Portability Problems” ; “Critical Issues in Implementing the New CACREP Standards for Disaster, Trauma, and Crisis Counseling” ; “Moving Forward: Issues in Trauma Response and Treatment” ; “Salting the Slippery Slope: What Licensing Violations Tell Us About Preventing Dangerous Ethical Situations” ; and “Lessons Learned, The Best Laid Plans: Will They Work in a Real Crisis?” They are editors of the third edition of the American Counseling Association (ACA) Foundation book Terrorism, Trauma, and Tragedies: A Counselor's Guide to Preparing and Responding and primary authors of the New Jersey School Counselor Initiative: A Framework for Developing Your Comprehensive School Counseling Program, sharing the 1992 American School Counselor Association Writer/Researcher of the Year for the first edition. They authored the NJSCA School Counselor Evaluation Model, the first professional association model approved by the New Jersey Department of Education. Drs. Webber and Mascari have been quoted on disaster and trauma issue in the national media, recently in Counseling Today and CNN Online, as well as on National Public Radio. Together they anchored the ACA's full-day learning institute on disaster response and have championed bringing disaster and trauma skills to school and mental health counselors. In addition to being long-time professional colleagues, Jane and Barry are married and have four children—combined.

Jane M. Webber, PhD, LPC, DRCC, is a Lecturer in the Counselor Education Department at Kean University (Union, NJ) and is a New Jersey Licensed Professional Counselor. She was a member of the ACA Task Force for Crisis Response Planning and served on the Advisory Committee for Emergency Preparedness for the 2009 CACREP Standards. Dr. Webber was Guest Editor of the Traumatology Special Section of the Journal of Counseling & Development (Summer 2017) and was primary author of the Journal of Counseling & Development article “Traumatology Trends: A Content Analysis of Three Counseling Journals 1994–2014.” As ACA Foundation Chair during September 11, 2001, she advocated for the ACA Foundation publication Terrorism, Trauma, and Tragedies: Counselor's Guide to Preparing and Responding, and she coedited the second and third editions.

Dr. Webber is a former Chair of the ACA Foundation, North Atlantic Region; International Committee; Human Rights Committee; and the Public Awareness and Support Committee, as well as a member of the Governing Council. She was a National Assembly Delegate of the National Association for College Admissions Counseling, National Membership Chair, and Member of the Bylaws Committee. She is a life member of Chi Sigma Iota.

Dr. Webber is former President of the New Jersey Counseling Association, the New Jersey Association for College Admission Counseling, the New Jersey Association of Counselor Educators and Supervisors, and the New Jersey Association for Specialists in Group Work. She worked for more than 35 years as a college counselor, school counselor, school counseling supervisor, and private practitioner. She has published numerous articles and chapters on disaster mental health, trauma counseling, sand tray therapy, and school counseling—including “Integrating Sand Therapy Into Trauma Counseling: Historical Influences” —and she coauthored “Healing Trauma Through Humanistic Connection” in the award-winning book Humanistic Perspectives on Contemporary Counseling Issues.

J. Barry Mascari, EdD, LPC, LCADC, DRCC, is Chair of the Counselor Education Department at Kean University (Union, NJ) and is a New Jersey Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Clinical Alcohol and Drug Counselor. He has more than 30 years of counseling-related experience in schools and outpatient treatment, and he participated in the development of the New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE) student assistance counselor certification. He was a member and Chair of the New Jersey Professional Counselor Examiners Committee (the state licensing board) for 10 years and a former President of the American Association of State Counseling Boards (AASCB), New Jersey Counseling Association, and New Jersey Mental Health Counselors Association. With Dr. Ed Stroh and Nancy Marie Bride, he lobbied for licensure in New Jersey for 20 years and coauthored the licensure bill that was finally passed in 1993.

Dr. Mascari is considered the “father” of 20/20: The Future of Counseling, a collaborative initiative between AASCB and ACA that resulted in the common definition of counseling. He was among the founders of the New Jersey Council on Divorce and Family Mediation, and he coauthored the seminal work Family Mediation: An Idea Whose Time Has Come. He has appeared on numerous radio and television shows, including the Sally Show, Soap Talk, 48 Hours on Crack Street, Straight Talk, the WNET special Teens in Turmoil, and National Public Radio. Dr. Mascari was a NJDOE trainer for Intervention and Referral Service and continues to host trainings at Kean University for New Jersey school districts. More information can be found at https://sites.google.com/a/kean.edu/j-barry-mascari/.

1. Jennifer Baggerly, PhD, LPC-S, RPT-S, is Professor of Counseling, School of Human Services, University of North Texas at Dallas. She is a former chair of the Board of Directors of the Association of Play Therapy.
2. Joel M. Baker, MA, LPC, is Student Assistance Counselor, Clifton High School, Clifton, New Jersey. He is also a member of the Imagine Foundation Board in Westfield, New Jersey.
3. Anna B. Baranowsky, PhD, CPsych, is Clinical Psychologist and Founder/Director, the Traumatology Institute in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She is a Diplomate and Board-Certified Expert in Traumatic Stress through the Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress.
4. Deb Del Vecchio-Scully, MS, CMHS, is Owner, The Mindful Counselor, a wellness consulting service and private practice in Newtown, Connecticut, specializing in trauma counseling. She served as Clinical Recovery Leader, Newtown Recovery and Resiliency Team.
5. Mike Dubi, EdD, LMHC, is Counselor in private practice and President of the International Association of Trauma Professionals. He is a Diplomate and Board-Certified Expert in Traumatic Stress through the Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress and is a retired associate professor, School of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Argosy University, Sarasota, Florida.
6. Juneau Mahan Gary, PhD, DRCC, is Professor, Counselor Education Department, Kean University, Union, New Jersey, and Coordinator, Counselor Education Program, Kean Ocean Campus, Toms River, New Jersey.
7. J. Eric Gentry, PhD, LMHC, is Owner of Compassion Fatigue Unlimited and Vice President and Founding Board Member of the International Association of Trauma Professionals. He is a Diplomate and Board-Certified Expert in Traumatic Stress through the Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress.
8. Melissa Glaser, MS, LPC, is Counselor in private practice, Newtown, Connecticut, and Community Outreach Liaison to the communities of Newtown and Sandy Hook, Connecticut. She was a member of the Recovery and Resiliency Team.
9. Rachael D. Goodman, PhD, LPC, is Associate Professor, Counseling Education and Development Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, and President-Elect of Counselors for Social Justice.
10. Barbara Herlihy, PhD, LPC, is University Research Professor, Counselor Education Program, University of New Orleans, Louisiana.
11. Angela E. James, MEd, LPC-S, is Doctoral Candidate, Counselor Education Program, University of New Orleans, Louisiana.
12. Karin Jordan, PhD, LPC, is Director, School of Counseling, and Interim Associate Dean, College of Health Professions, University of Akron, Ohio, and Coordinator of the American Counseling Association Traumatology Interest Network.
13. Gerard Lawson, PhD, LMHC, is Associate Professor, Counselor Education Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, and President of the American Counseling Association.
14. Bethany Letiecq, PhD, is Associate Professor and Academic Program Coordinator, Human Development and Family Service, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
15. Lisa Lopez Levers, PhD, PCC-S, LPC, CRC, is Professor, Counselor Education and Supervision Department, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
16. Robert G. Mitchell is Vice Mayor, Pamplin City, Virginia.
17. Rachel Oelslager, MA, LCPC, is a Clinic Coordinator, Positive Recovery Services, Germantown, Maryland.
18. Tom Query, MDiv, LPC, is Counselor Supervisor, Therapist, and Director, Wellspring Counseling Center, Roswell, Georgia, specializing in gender and sexuality.
19. Mindi Raggi, EdD, LCSW, is Social Worker in private practice, Pennsylvania, specializing in rape trauma and sexual assault. She is also affiliated with the Penn Foundation for Behavioral Health.
20. Richard Reyes, PhD, is Police Officer and Certified Hostage Negotiator with the Paterson, New Jersey, Police Department.
21. Julia K. Runte, MA, is Second-Grade Teacher, Multicultural Division, Soong Ching Ling School, Shanghai, China.
22. Samuel Sanabria, PhD, LMHC, is Associate Professor, Counseling Program, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. He is also affiliated with Two Spirits Health Services, Orlando, Florida, a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing mental health and related services to the LGBT community.
23. Carol M. Smith, PhD, LPC, is Professor, Counseling Department, Marshall University, South Charleston, West Virginia. She is also a member of the American Counseling Association Traumatology Interest Network Leadership Board.
24. Vilia Tarvydas, PhD, LMHC, CRC, is Retired Professor, Rehabilitation and Counselor Education, The University of Iowa, Iowa City.
25. Peter R. Teahen, MA, is Government Liaison Officer, American Red Cross Crisis Response Team.
26. Colleen K. Vesely, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Early Childhood Education and Human Development and Family Service, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
27. Emily Zeng, PhD, is Licensed Psychologist, New York City, serving children and families with special needs. She was associated with the Yeshiva China Earthquake Relief Project and is a native of Sichuan, China.

The fourth revised edition has been the collaboration of 27 authors, and we thank all who have contributed to this edition. We are grateful to those pioneers whose work has guided our journey and our stories, especially Janina Fisher, Babette Rothschild, Tom Query, Steve Crimando, Charles R. Figley, Eliana Gil, and Bessel van der Kolk.

This book would not be possible without the vision and commitment of the American Counseling Association Foundation and its response to the needs of counselors after September 11, 2001. We have been privileged to work with Carolyn Baker and Nancy Driver of the American Counseling Association and express our thanks for their patience and direction. We are especially appreciative of the ongoing support and assistance of Carol Gernat, whose advice and direction have kept us on track. We also thank our daughter Julia K. Runte for her discerning research and editing, and her optimism. We are grateful to Bobby Kitzinger and Rebekah Pender, our colleagues at Kean University, for their encouragement and cappuccino conferences during these semesters of teaching and writing. Finally, we thank all our adult children for their support and tolerance for our almost constant work on this project.