This edition first published 2019
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Name: Chadha, Devi, author.
Title: Optical WDM networks : From Static to Elastic Networks / Devi Chadha, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India.
Description: Hoboken, NJ, USA : Wiley, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2018061450 (print) | LCCN 2019000068 (ebook) | ISBN9781119393375 (AdobePDF) | ISBN 9781119393344 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119393269(hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: Wavelength division multiplexing.
Classification: LCC TK5103.592.W38 (ebook) | LCC TK5103.592.W38 C53 2019 (print) | DDC 621.39/81–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018061450
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © Wenjie Dong/Getty Images
The last decade has seen significantly increased use of high bandwidth emerging dynamic applications, such as real‐time multimedia streaming, cloud computing, data center networking, etc. These rapid advances require the next‐generation optical communication networks to adapt to these changes by becoming more agile and programmable, and to meet the demands of high bandwidth and flexibility with much higher efficiency and reduced cost. It therefore becomes necessary to bring out a comprehensive and up‐to‐date book of optical networks. This was the driver for this text.
Writing a book on optical networking entails covering materials that span several disciplines, ranging from physics to electrical engineering to computer science and operations research. The treatment of the material requires uncovering the unique strengths and limitations of the appropriate technologies, and then determining how those are exploited in pragmatic network architectures, while compensating for the limitations. The paradigm shift in optical networking which we are seeing with software defined networking requires clear basic concepts to conduct research and development in these newer optical technologies. It is difficult to develop newer sophisticated technology for different applications without understanding its evolutionary process. Thus, the task of writing such a book becomes quite challenging.
This book attempts to cover components and networking issues related to second‐generation optical networks. The second generation of fiber optic networks exploits the capacity of fiber to achieve hundreds of gigabits per second to terabits per second with dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) by using routing and switching of signals in the optical domain. There is now a matured large bandwidth underlying optical technology available with new tools for network control and management. There is also a recognition of the latest directions of optical network deployment and research. These new directions include cost‐effective network architectures tailored to the strengths of current optical transmission and switching equipment, passive optical networks to bring high‐speed access to the end user, hybrid optical/electronic architectures supporting the merging of multi‐wavelength and Internet technologies, and networks of the future based on all‐optical packet switching and software programming. Keeping this view in mind, the book covers the fiber optic wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks in ten chapters as detailed below.
Chapter 1 offers an introduction to optical networks with an overview of the fundamentals of network architecture and services provided by it. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the different components needed to build a network, such as transmitters, receivers, amplifiers, multiplexers, switches, optical cross‐connects, etc. The next couple of chapters then focus on the different types of networks. The broadcast and select basic static multipoint networks are given in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 describes passive optical network solutions for fiber‐to‐the‐x access network applications, while Chapter 5 covers the metropolitan area networks, basically the ring structures. Chapter 6 describes the wavelength routed wide area networks and how to overlay virtual networks, for example IP or OTN networks over an underlying second‐generation optical network. Chapter 7 covers the control plane architecture as it has developed through the recent activities of several standards organizations describing the latest developments in optical network control. It gives detailed discussion of generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) as it applies to optical networks. Going ahead, Chapters 8–10 are devoted to the advanced techniques used for the design of the upcoming technologies for bringing the expanding capability of the present‐day requirements. Chapter 8 covers the effects of signal impairments, survivability, protection, and restoration in optical networks, consistent with the growing importance of optical layer fault management in current networks. As there have been fundamental changes in many aspects of optical networking, Chapters 9 and 10 cover the upcoming technologies of flex‐grid and software‐defined optical networking.
Exercises are provided for most of the chapters, and many of them suggest avenues for future study. The book is meant to offer several different alternatives for study depending on the interest of the reader, be it understanding the current state of the field, acquiring the analytical tools for network performance evaluation, optimization, and design, or performing research on next‐generation networks.
This book has been written primarily as a graduate‐level textbook in the field of optical fiber networks. For this reason, the emphasis is on concepts and methodologies that will stand the test of time. Along with this, the advances in the technology are also discussed throughout the text. An attempt is made to include as much recent material as possible so that students are exposed to the many advances in this exciting field. The book can also serve as a reference text for researchers and industry practitioners engaged in the field of optical networks because of the exposure to much of the advancement in the emerging area. Exhaustive reference lists at the end of chapters are provided for finding any further details which could not be included in the book. The listing of recent research papers should be useful for researchers using this book as a reference.
A large number of people have contributed to this book either directly or indirectly, and hence it is impossible to mention all of them by name. First, I thank my graduate students who took my course on optical networks year on year and helped improve my class notes through their questions and comments. Much of the book's material is based on research that I have conducted over the years with my graduate students. I would also like to thank students in my classes for developing many of the figures: Gaurav, Devendra, Nitish, Sridhar, Vishwaraj, Shantanu, and a few others; their efforts are highly appreciated.
I am grateful to my Institute, the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India, for providing a cordial and productive atmosphere, and to my colleagues for many useful discussions during the course of writing the book.
This book could not have been published without the help of many people at Wiley International; in particular, Anita Yadav, acquisitions editor, for taking me through the entire process from start to finish, and Steven Fassioms, my project editor, for orchestrating the production of the book.
On the family front, I'd like to acknowledge the invaluable support given by my dear husband, Dev, during this endeavor, and my loving children Manu, Rati, Rashi, and Varun for their understanding when I needed to spend many hours on the book instead of spending time with them. Finally, I thank the Almighty for giving me the strength to embark upon this project and with His blessing conclude it satisfactorily.