Series Editor
Nianjun Yang, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Germany
Titles in the Series
Nanocarbons for Electroanalysis
Sabine Szunerits, Rabah Boukherroub, Alison Downard, Jun‐Jie Zhu
Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Bioanalysis and Therapy
Huan‐Cheng Chang, Yuen Yung Hui, Haifeng Dong, Xueji Zhang
Novel Carbon Materials and Composites: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Xin Jiang, Zhenhui Kang, Xiaoning Guo, Hao Zhuang
Forthcoming Titles
Nanocarbon Electrochemistry
Nianjun Yang, Guohua Zhao, John S. Foord
Nanocarbons and their Hybrids
Jean‐Charles Arnault, Dominik Eder
Edited by
University of Siegen
Germany
Soochow University
People's Republic of China
Institute of Coal Chemistry
Chinese Academy of Sciences
People's Republic of China
University of Siegen
Germany
This edition first published 2019
© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Xin Jiang, Zhenhui Kang, Xiaoning Guo, and Hao Zhuang to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Registered Office
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
Editorial Office
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of experimental reagents, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each chemical, piece of equipment, reagent, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Jiang, Xin, editor. | Kang, Zhenhui, editor. | Guo, Xiaoning, editor. | Zhuang, Hao, editor.
Title: Novel carbon materials and composites : synthesis, properties and
applications / edited by Xin Jiang, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany,
Zhenhui Kang, Soochow University, Soochow, People's Republic of China, Xiaoning
Guo, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan,
Shanxi, People's Republic of China, Hao Zhuang, University of Siegen, Germany.
Description: Hoboken, NJ, USA : Wiley, [2019] | Series: Nancarbon chemistry
and interfaces | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2018054009 (print) | LCCN 2018057599 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119313601 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119313618 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119313397
(hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: Carbon composites.
Classification: LCC TA418.9.C6 (ebook) | LCC TA418.9.C6 N673 2019 (print) |
DDC 620.1/93–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018054009
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © TLaoPhotography/Shutterstock
Carbon, the sixth element in the Periodic Table, is extraordinary. It forms a variety of materials because of its ability to bond covalently with different orbital hybridizations. For millennia, there were only two known substances of pure carbon atoms: graphite and diamond. In the mid‐1980s, a soccer‐ball‐shaped buckminsterfullerene, namely a new carbon allotrope C60, was discovered. Together with other fullerene‐structures (C70, C84), the nanocarbon researcher was spawned. In the early 1990s, carbon nanotubes were discovered. They are direct descendants of fullerenes, and capped structures composed of 5‐ and 6‐membered rings. This was the next major advance in nanocarbon research. Due to their groundbreaking work on these fullerene materials, Curl, Kroto and Smalley were awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In the beginning of the 2000s, graphene was prepared using Scotch tape. It is a single sheet of carbon atoms packed into a hexagonal lattice with a bond distance of 0.142 nm. For their seminal work with this new nanocarbon material, Geim and Novoselov were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics. New members, carbon nanoparticles, such as diamond nanoparticles, carbon dots, and graphene (quantum) dots, have emerged in the family of nanocarbon materials. Although all these materials only consist of the same carbon atoms, their physical, chemical, and engineering features are different, and fully dependent on their structures and surface functional groups.
The purpose of this series is to bring together up‐to‐date accounts of recent developments and new findings in the field of nanocarbon chemistry and interfaces, one of the most important aspects of nanocarbon research. The carbon materials covered in this series include diamond, diamond nanoparticles, graphene, graphene‐oxide, graphene (quantum) dots, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, fullerenes, carbon dots, carbon composites, and their hybrids. The formation, structure, properties, and applications of these carbon materials are summarized. Their relevant applications in the fields of electroanalysis, biosensing, catalysis, electrosynthesis, energy storage and conversion, environment sensing and protection, biology and medicine are highlighted in different books.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to Miss Sarah Higginbotham, Jenny Cossham, Emma Strickland, and Lesley Jebaraj from Wiley's Oxford office. Without their efficient help and valuable suggestions during this project, the publication of this book series would not be possible. Last, but not least, I want to thank my family, especially my wife, Dr Xiaoxia Wang, and my children Zimo and Chuqian Luisa, for their constant and strong support as well as for their patience in letting me finalize such a book series.
February 2017
Nianjun Yang
Siegen, Germany
Novel carbons and carbon‐related films are newly developed functional materials. Among them, carbon dots, silicon carbide, and carbon nitrides have been paid most attention. In recent years, the fabrication of novel carbon composites is also becoming a hot research topic because these composites address certain disadvantages of novel carbon materials, and further extend their potential applications. The synthesis, properties, and applications of novel carbon composites, such as diamond/SiC composites and diamond/graphite composites, have been widely reported and discussed. The object of this book is to provide an excellent entry into recent progress and achievements in these subjects, centered on novel carbon materials and their composites.
This book consists of two parts. In the first part, the synthesis, properties and applications of novel carbon materials, including silicon carbide, carbon nitrides, and nanocarbons are reviewed. Chapters 1 and 2 concentrate on silicon carbide films, where chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide films and their electrochemical applications are presented. Chapter 3 is about synthesis and photocatalytic applications of silicon carbide powders featuring high surface areas. Chapter 4 discusses the fabrication of graphite carbon nitrides, summarizes their bandgap and nanostructure engineering, and highlights their water splitting applications. The applications of various novel carbon materials for the construction of supercapacitors are shown in Chapter 5.
The synthesis, properties and applications of novel carbon composites are summarized in the second part of this book. In Chapter 6, chemical vapor deposition of diamond/silicon carbide composite films is detailed, including applied instruments, conditions, properties, and growth mechanisms. Their mechanical, sensing, and biochemical applications are shown. Chapter 7 describes the related contents for diamond/graphite composite films. Their electrochemical applications are highlighted. In the last chapter of this book, carbon nanodot composites are shown, covering their fabrication processes and properties, and highlighting their use in catalytic applications, sensing and detection, environment, energy storage and conversion.
From our point of view, this book presents hot topics taking into account recent progress and achievements in the fields of novel carbon materials and composites. It is hoped that this book stimulates graduate students and young scientists, as well as experienced researchers, to explore these novel carbon materials and composites in their fundamental and practical aspects in future.
Finally, we thank all the scientists who contributed chapters to this book, as well as colleagues from Wiley who kindly devoted their time and efforts to allow this book to be smoothly published.
Xin Jiang
Siegen, Germany
Zhenhui Kang
Suzhou, People's Republic of China
Xiaoning Guo
Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
Hao Zhuang
Siegen, Germany