reading

Cover
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Section I: The Role of the Veterinary Technician and Nurse
1. 1 Managing the Small Animal Dermatology Patient
  1. Introduction
  2. History
  3. Dermatological Procedures
  4. Client Education and Client Compliance
  5. Conclusion
  6. References
Section II: Skin and Ear Diseases
1. 2 Bacterial Infections
  1. Introduction
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Surface Pyodermas
  4. Superficial Pyodermas
  5. Deep Pyodermas
  6. Client Education
  7. Feline Bacterial Skin Infections
  8. Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcal Infections
  9. Conclusion
  10. References
  11. Recommended Reading
2. 3 Malassezia Dermatitis
  1. Introduction
  2. Clinical Features (Canine)
  3. Clinical Features (Feline)
  4. Diagnostic Tests
  5. Treatment
  6. Client Education
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
3. 4 Otitis Externa
  1. Introduction
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Clinical Features
  4. Diagnostic Tests
  5. Treatment
  6. Client Education
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
4. 5 Dermatophytosis
  1. Introduction
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Clinical Features
  4. Diagnostic Tests
  5. Treatment
  6. Client Education
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
  9. Recommended Reading
  10. Recommended Fungal Identification References
Section III: Allergic Skin Diseases
1. 6 Flea Allergy Dermatitis
  1. Introduction
  2. Clinical Features
  3. Diagnostic Tests
  4. Treatment
  5. Client Education
  6. Conclusion
  7. References
  8. Webliography
2. 7 Atopic Dermatitis
  1. Introduction
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Clinical Features (Canine)
  4. Clinical Features (Feline)
  5. Diagnostic Tests
  6. Treatment
  7. Client Education
  8. Conclusion
  9. References
3. 8 Food Hypersensitivity
  1. Introduction
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Clinical Features
  4. Diagnostic Tests
  5. Treatment
  6. Client Education
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
Section IV: Parasitic Skin Diseases
1. 9 Sarcoptic Mange
  1. Introduction
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Clinical Features
  4. Diagnostic Tests
  5. Treatment
  6. Client Education
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
2. 10 Cheyletiellosis
  1. Introduction
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Clinical Features
  4. Diagnostic Tests
  5. Treatment
  6. Client Education
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
3. 11 Canine Demodicosis
  1. Introduction
  2. Clinical Features
  3. Diagnostic Tests
  4. Treatment
  5. Client Education
  6. Conclusion
  7. References
  8. Webliography
4. 12 Feline Demodicosis
  1. Introduction
  2. Follicular Demodicosis (D. cati)
  3. Superficial/Surface Demodicosis (D. gatoi)
  4. Client Education
  5. Conclusion
  6. References
Glossary of Terms
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1
1. Figure 1.1 Dermatology patient history questionnaire.
2. Figure 1.2 Dermatology physical exam form.
3. Figure 1.3 Flea combs.
4. Figure 1.4 Cat with alopecia along dorsal lumbosacral area.
5. Figure 1.5 Flea excrement, often referred to as “flea dirt.”
6. Figure 1.6 Microscopic view of flea feces.
7. Figure 1.7 Gently pulling up on earflap, insert swab to bottom of vertical e...
8. Figure 1.8 Roll swab onto labeled microscope slide.
9. Figure 1.9 Diff‐Quik stains.
10. Figure 1.10 Add immersion oil to the stained slide and examine microscopical...
11. Figure 1.11 Cytologic examination of smear demonstrating cocci bacteria.
12. Figure 1.12 Cytologic examination of smear demonstrating Malassezia yeast.
13. Figure 1.13 Cytologic examination of smear demonstrating rod bacteria.
14. Figure 1.14 Cat with classic coffee ground appearance of discharge due to in...
15. Figure 1.15 Close up of ear debris collected by swab.
16. Figure 1.16 Adult Otodectes mite.
17. Figure 1.17 Otodectes egg.
18. Figure 1.18 Clear, one‐sided sticky tape.
19. Figure 1.19 Press sticky side onto skin area to be sampled and vigorously ru...
20. Figure 1.20 Stain tape with a third (purple) stain of Diff‐Quik.
21. Figure 1.21 Apply immersion oil to microscope slide.
22. Figure 1.22 Put stained tape sticky side down.
23. Figure 1.23 Apply immersion oil on top of tape and examine microscopically u...
24. Figure 1.24 Alternatives to tape prep technique include using a dry scalpel ...
25. Figure 1.25 A dry #10 scalpel blade is used to carefully scrape the skin sur...
26. Figure 1.26 A dry spatula is used to gently scrape the skin surface to colle...
27. Figure 1.27 Oily or moist skin surfaces that may be difficult to access to c...
28. Figure 1.28 Cotton swab used to collect sample from the nasal fold of an Eng...
29. Figure 1.29 Gently break open a pustule with a 25 gauge needle.
30. Figure 1.30 Press a microscope slide onto the ruptured pustule to collect a ...
31. Figure 1.31 Chow Chow with facial crusts. Gently lift up a crust and press a...
32. Figure 1.32 Cytologic examination showing acantholytic cells (large round ce...
33. Figure 1.33 Dog with sarcoptic mange. Skin lesions include erythema, alopeci...
34. Figure 1.34 Ten‐month Cocker Spaniel with sarcoptic mange. Patient was being...
35. Figure 1.35 (a) and (b) Scrape deep enough to get capillary oozing. Remember...
36. Figure 1.36 Skin scraping showing an adult Sarcoptes mite.
37. Figure 1.37 Skin scraping showing many Sarcoptes eggs and fecal pellets.
38. Figure 1.38 Boxer puppy with generalized demodicosis. Skin lesions include a...
39. Figure 1.39 Scraping deep enough to get capillary oozing and squeezing the s...
40. Figure 1.40 Skin scraping showing adult Demodex mites (four pairs of legs)....
41. Figure 1.41 Skin scraping showing a larval stage (three pairs of legs) and a...
42. Figure 1.42 Puppy with cheyletiellosis. Skin lesions include scaling over do...
43. Figure 1.43 Spread the hair and use clear sticky tape to press onto the skin...
44. Figure 1.44 If skin scrapings are negative, fecal flotation may be used to l...
45. Figure 1.45 Demodex gatoi.
46. Figure 1.46 Cheyletiella spp.
47. Figure 1.47 To perform a trichogram, pluck suspicious hairs with a forceps i...
48. Figure 1.48 Trichogram showing an infected hair with arthrospores.
49. Figure 1.49 Trichogram showing a Cheyletiella mite egg.
50. Figure 1.50 Trichogram showing a Demodex mite adhered to the hair.
51. Figure 1.51 Example of a flat fungal culture bi‐plate – dermatophyte test me...
52. Figure 1.52 Mackenzie Brush Technique‐brushing cat with toothbrush.
53. Figure 1.53 Supplies (sticky tape, stain, and dermatophyte test medium) for ...
54. Figure 1.54 Lightly press one‐sided sticky tape onto suspicious colony.
55. Figure 1.55 Press collected material on tape into stain on microscope slide....
56. Figure 1.56 Apply coverslip.
57. Figure 1.57 (a and b) Injecting lidocaine subcutaneously under each biopsy s...
58. Figure 1.58 Gently press the biopsy punch over the site and begin to rotate ...
59. Figure 1.59 Continue rotating until you feel the punch go through the skin (...
60. Figure 1.60 When deep enough, remove the punch and grab the sample gently wi...
61. Figure 1.61 Gently lift the sample and cut as deeply as possible with an iri...
62. Figure 1.62 Dry the biopsy skin sample gently with gauze.
63. Figure 1.63 Place the sample hair side up on a piece of tongue depressor.
64. Figure 1.64 Put the sample hair side down in a jar of 10% buffered formalin....
Chapter 2
1. Figure 2.1 Dog with pyotraumatic moist dermatitis on the lateral thigh; note...
2. Figure 2.2 Intertrigo of facial fold area.
3. Figure 2.3 Dog with intertrigo of umbilical fold (white arrow).
4. Figure 2.4 Dog with intertrigo of tail fold; note the swollen appearance and...
5. Figure 2.5 Dog with chronic dermatitis showing alopecia, lichenification, an...
6. Figure 2.6 Impetigo; note the large, non‐follicular pustules.
7. Figure 2.7 Papules (blue arrow) and small epidermal collarettes (white arrow...
8. Figure 2.8 (a) Multiple follicular pustules (note hair in the center of seve...
9. Figure 2.9 Epidermal collarette with circular ring of crusting. Erosion is f...
10. Figure 2.10 Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
11. Figure 2.11 Pitbull terrier mix with patchy alopecia resulting in “moth‐eate...
12. Figure 2.12 Erosions and purulent exudate of mucocutaneous pyoderma in a Ger...
13. Figure 2.13 Mucocutaneous pyoderma showing affected lip folds and exudate....
14. Figure 2.14 Interdigital furunculosis on a front paw of a dog.
15. Figure 2.15 (a) Multiple furuncles and crusts on dorsal trunk of a dog. (b) ...
16. Figure 2.16 Acral lick granuloma on the distal forelimb of a Dalmatian; note...
17. Figure 2.17 Acral lick granuloma on the distal forelimb of a dog.
18. Figure 2.18 Dog with muzzle furunculosis.
19. Figure 2.19 Deep callus pyoderma with purulent exudate at a pressure point (...
20. Figure 2.20 Dog with interdigital furuncles and draining tracts.
21. Figure 2.21 Dog with pyotraumatic folliculitis/furunculosis ventral to ear c...
22. Figure 2.22 Bacterial infection in a cat with a crusty and alopecic chin....
23. Figure 2.23 Cat with mild chin acne showing comedones (keratin‐filled hair f...
24. Figure 2.24 Cat with severe chin acne showing furuncles.
Chapter 3
1. Figure 3.1 Dog with localized Malassezia dermatitis affecting the right fron...
2. Figure 3.2 Dog with generalized Malassezia dermatitis showing alopecia, lich...
3. Figure 3.3 Dog with interdigital erythematous, waxy lesion on foot.
4. Figure 3.4 (a) Dog with lichenification, hyperpigmentation, and crusting of ...
5. Figure 3.5 Brown discoloration of paw fur on a dog with Malassezia pododerma...
6. Figure 3.6 Dog with Malassezia paronychia showing brown discoloration and wa...
7. Figure 3.7 Cat with localized Malassezia dermatitis affecting lip fold.
8. Figure 3.8 Persian cat showing facial dermatitis with dark crusting.
9. Figure 3.9 Brown nail bed exudate from a domestic short‐hair cat with chroni...
10. Figure 3.10 Microscopic image of epithelial cells (orange arrow) and Malasse...
11. Figure 3.11 Microscopic image of Malassezia organisms.
Chapter 4
1. Figure 4.1 Diagram of canine ear.Sense Organs in Clinical Anatomy and Ph...
2. Figure 4.2 Otodectic acariasis; note dark, coffee‐ground appearance of disch...
3. Figure 4.3 Video‐otoscopic picture of small mass in ear.
4. Figure 4.4 Ear cytology (100×) showing cocci and rod bacteria.
5. Figure 4.5 Video‐otoscopic picture of severe “cobblestone change” in horizon...
6. Figure 4.6 End‐stage proliferative otitis externa in a cocker spaniel.
7. Figure 4.7 Contact reaction to ear medication; note erythema and ulceration ...
8. Figure 4.8 Erythematous atopic otitis externa.
9. Figure 4.9 Ceruminous exudate of Malassezia otitis externa.
10. Figure 4.10 Purulent exudate of bacterial otitis externa.
11. Figure 4.11 Otoscopic exam.
12. Figure 4.12 Ear cytology slide (slide on right) and ear swab slide with mine...
13. Figure 4.13 Bulb syringe and red rubber feeding tubes.
14. Figure 4.14 (a and b) Bulb syringe placement in ear canal.
15. Figure 4.15 Red rubber feeding tubes, trimmed with syringe attached.
Chapter 5
1. Figure 5.1 Facial lesions cultured positive for Trichophyton mentagrophytes....
2. Figure 5.2 Severe Trichophyton infection on a dog.
3. Figure 5.3 Fungal kerion cultured positive for Trichophyton mentagrophytes....
4. Figure 5.4 Fungal kerion diagnosed via biopsy.
5. Figure 5.5 Erythema and alopecia from Microsporum canis infection.
6. Figure 5.6 Facial erythema, alopecia, crusting, and excoriations from prurit...
7. Figure 5.7 Microsporum gypseum infection in a cat.
8. Figure 5.8 Facial crusts and alopecia on a feline patient with Microsporum c...
9. Figure 5.9 Fluorescing hairs on a feline patient using the Wood's lamp.
10. Figure 5.10 Direct microscopic examination of a hair showing ectothrix spore...
11. Figure 5.11 Microsporum canis colony on dermatophyte test medium (right) and...
12. Figure 5.12 Microsporum canis macroconidia stained with PMS (40×).
13. Figure 5.13 Microsporum gypseum colony on dermatophyte test medium (right); ...
14. Figure 5.14 Club‐shaped macroconidia of Microsporum gypseum (40×).
15. Figure 5.15 Trichophyton mentagrophytes colony. Granular appearance and whit...
16. Figure 5.16 Numerous spiral hyphae found on cytology from a Trichophyton men...
17. Figure 5.17 Macroconidia of Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
18. Figure 5.18 Alternaria spp. in a chain of three, resembling “hand grenades.”...
19. Figure 5.19 Aspergillus spp. resembling a “dandelion gone to seed.”
20. Figure 5.20 Broken conidia from a Cladosporium colony.
21. Figure 5.21 Characteristic culture of Penicillium spp.
22. Figure 5.22 Penicillium spp. resembling “pitchforks.”
23. Figure 5.23 Several colonies of yeast, mucoid in texture.
24. Figure 5.24 Lime sulfur treatment applied to a feline patient.
Chapter 6
1. Figure 6.1 Adult fleas (Ctenocephalides felis).
2. Figure 6.2 Magnified (4×) adult flea (Ctenocephalides felis).
3. Figure 6.3 Flea eggs.
4. Figure 6.4 Flea larva.
5. Figure 6.5 Flea stages (egg, larvae, and pupae) in carpet.
6. Figure 6.6 Flea pupae.
7. Figure 6.7 Dog with flea allergy dermatitis exhibiting extensive alopecia an...
8. Figure 6.8 Dog with caudal patchy alopecia secondary to flea allergy dermati...
9. Figure 6.9 Chronic skin changes in a dog with flea allergy dermatitis.
10. Figure 6.10 Cat with flea allergy dermatitis.
11. Figure 6.11 Cat with eosinophilic plaque secondary to flea allergy dermatiti...
12. Figure 6.12 Trichogram illustrating broken hairs from traumatically induced ...
13. Figure 6.13 Trichogram illustrating the tapered ends of hairs in a cat with ...
14. Figure 6.14 Dry flea feces.
15. Figure 6.15 Flea feces moistened on a towel. Note the red appearance due to ...
16. Figure 6.16 Intradermal allergy test demonstrating a positive reaction to fl...
Chapter 7
1. Figure 7.1 Canine with mild atopic dermatitis presenting with clinical signs...
2. Figure 7.2 Canine with atopic dermatitis presenting with clinical sign of er...
3. Figure 7.3 Canine patient showing excoriations.
4. Figure 7.4 Canine with mild atopic dermatitis showing clinical sign of colla...
5. Figure 7.5 Canine with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis with diffuse parti...
6. Figure 7.6 Canine with moderate atopic dermatitis presenting with partial to...
7. Figure 7.7 Canine with moderate atopic dermatitis with severe erythema on ve...
8. Figure 7.8 Canine with moderate atopic dermatitis with large epidermal colla...
9. Figure 7.9 Canine patient with lichenification on ventral neck.
10. Figure 7.10 Canine with chronic atopic dermatitis presenting with severe lic...
11. Figure 7.11 Canine with severe erythema on the ventral surface of the neck a...
12. Figure 7.12 Canine with chronic atopic dermatitis with severe hyperpigmentat...
13. Figure 7.13 Canine with moderate atopic dermatitis, with partial to complete...
14. Figure 7.14 Canine with chronic untreated atopic dermatitis. Complete alopec...
15. Figure 7.15 Acral lick lesion of the right carpus of a canine. A large ulcer...
16. Figure 7.16 Acute moist dermatitis of a canine on the left cheek and dorsal ...
17. Figure 7.17 Trichogram showing barbered hairs seen at 5x magnification. Note...
18. Figure 7.18 Miliary dermatitis of the feline. Very small crusts along the do...
19. Figure 7.19 Head and neck pruritus of a feline. Mild to moderate erythema, w...
20. Figure 7.20 Eosinophilic granuloma complex in a feline with atopic dermatiti...
21. Figure 7.21 Ulcerative excoriations on the periaural and lateral aspects of ...
22. Figure 7.22 Alopecia, erythema, and crusts on the ventral neck of a feline....
23. Figure 7.23 Self‐induced alopecia in a feline with atopic dermatitis. Barber...
24. Figure 7.24 Intradermal allergy test results, canine patient.
25. Figure 7.25 Hirsutism of a German shepherd dog from cyclosporine administrat...
26. Figure 7.26 Severe gingival hyperplasia in a canine on cyclosporine.
27. Figure 7.27 Injectable immunotherapy starter set, prepared in‐house. Three v...
28. Figure 7.28 Injectable immunotherapy, prepared commercially.
29. Figure 7.29 Sublingual immunotherapy administration vial, prepared commercia...
30. Figure 7.30 Sublingual immunotherapy starter set, prepared in‐house. Treatme...
Chapter 8
1. Figure 8.1 Dog with pruritus, showing porphyrin staining from licking paw.
2. Figure 8.2 Microscopic view (100×) of a cytology sample taken from a dog wit...
3. Figure 8.3 Dog diagnosed with food hypersensitivity showing chronic skin cha...
4. Figure 8.4 Dog with otitis externa showing pinnal erythema.
5. Figure 8.5 Non‐inflammatory symmetric alopecia on the ventrum of a cat.
6. Figure 8.6 Cat presenting with eosinophilic granuloma complex lesion (indole...
Chapter 9
1. Figures 9.1 (a and b) Skin scrapings showing adult Sarcoptes scabiei mites w...
2. Figure 9.2 Skin scraping showing an adult notoedric mite.
3. Figure 9.3 Dog with sarcoptic mange showing clinical signs of papules and al...
4. Figure 9.4 Dog with sarcoptic mange showing clinical signs of crusting and e...
5. Figure 9.5 Dog with sarcoptic mange showing clinical signs of crusting, alop...
6. Figure 9.6 Dog with sarcoptic mange showing clinical signs of crusting, scal...
7. Figure 9.7 Cat with notoedric mange showing severe crusting on pinnae.
8. Figure 9.8 Cat with notoedric mange showing severe crusting on pinnae.
9. Figure 9.9 (a and b) Skin scrapings showing an adult Sarcoptes scabiei mite ...
10. Figure 9.10 Skin scraping showing Sarcoptes scabiei eggs and fecal pellets....
11. Figure 9.11 Spatula, mineral oil, and slide used for skin scrapings.
Chapter 10
1. Figure 10.1 Cheyletiella dermatitis on a human arm.
2. Figure 10.2 Hooked accessory mouth parts and combs on ends of legs.
3. Figure 10.3 Cheyletiella yasguri from a dog.
4. Figure 10.4 Cheyletiella blakei from a cat.
5. Figure 10.5 Cheyletiella parasitovorax from a rabbit.
6. Figure 10.6 Close‐up of scale on a dog with cheyletiella dermatitis.
7. Figure 10.7 Close‐up of scale on a rabbit with cheyletiella dermatitis.
8. Figure 10.8 Skin scraping showing an egg, six‐legged nymph, and eight‐legged...
Chapter 11
1. Figure 11.1 Skin scraping showing adult Demodex canis mite.
2. Figure 11.2 (a) The four life stages of Demodex mites. Egg: fusiform (spindl...
3. Figure 11.3 Skin scraping showing adult Demodex injai mite.
4. Figure 11.4 Skin scraping showing adult Demodex cornei mite.
5. Figure 11.5 Patient with localized demodicosis, showing circular area of alo...
6. Figure 11.6 (a) Patient with juvenile‐onset generalized demodicosis, showing...
7. Figure 11.7 Pustules and comedones on a dog with demodicosis and secondary s...
8. Figure 11.8 Patient with adult‐onset generalized demodicosis, showing severe...
9. Figure 11.9 Example of how to record skin scraping results in patient's medi...
10. Figure 11.10 A trichogram may be needed in patients with periocular or inter...
11. Figure 11.11 Because of their thick skin, if deep skin scrapings are negativ...
Chapter 12
1. Figure 12.1 Skin scraping showing adult Demodex cati mites.
2. Figure 12.2 Cat with generalized demodicosis caused by Demodex cati showing ...
3. Figure 12.3 Whole body view of cat in Figure 12.2 showing clinical signs of ...
4. Figure 12.4 Skin scraping showing an adult Demodex gatoi mite.
5. Figure 12.5 Cat with generalized demodicosis caused by Demodex gatoi showing...
6. Figure 12.6 Same cat as in Figure 12.5, ventral view.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Horne, Kim (Kim L.), editor. | Schwassmann, Marcia, editor. | Logas, Dawn, editor.
Title: Small animal dermatology for technicians and nurses / edited by Kim Horne, Marcia Schwassmann, Dawn Logas.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐Blackwell, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019026627 (print) | ISBN 9780470958155 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119108634 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119108627 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Veterinary dermatology. | MESH: Skin Diseases–veterinary | Dog Diseases | Cat Diseases | Animal Technicians
Classification: LCC SF901 .S63 2019 (print) | LCC SF901 (ebook) | NLM SF 901 | DDC 636.089/65–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019026627
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019026628

Small Animal Dermatology for Technicians and Nurses

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Section I
The Role of the Veterinary Technician and Nurse