The first three maps in this list illustrate several different chapters. They are grouped separately as part of the front matter of this volume, and reference is made to them in the relevant chapters. The remaining maps are embedded in individual chapters.

Figures

Tables

The abbreviations used in citing journal titles, epigraphic corpora, standard works of reference, and ancient authors and their works follow those in the fourth edition of The Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), edited by Simon Hornblower and Anthony Spawforth, pp. xxix–liii. Any other abbreviations can be found in their respective chapters.

Gianfranco Adornato is Professor of Greek and Roman Art and Archaeology at the Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa. He was Visiting Scholar at the Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles (2012), member of the scientific committee of the Royal Museums in Turin (2015), and Visiting Palevsky Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (2018). His main fields of interest are: Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic Art (he edited Scolpire il marmo. Importazioni, artisti itineranti, scuole artistiche nel Mediterraneo antico, Milan 2010); Archaic Rome, architecture, and cults; the Western Greek world and its colonization (he is author of Akragas arcaica. Modelli culturali e linguaggi artistici di una città greca d’Occidente, Milan 2011, and scientific director of the Locri Survey); artistic practice and drawings in the ancient world; the reception of Greek art in Roman contexts (he co‐edited Restaging Greek Artworks in Roman Times, Milan 2018); aesthetics and technical terminology in literary sources; and Winckelmann and ancient literary sources.

Gerassimos G. Aperghis obtained degrees in Engineering from Cambridge and Caltech. After a career in computers, he received a Doctorate in Ancient History from University College London in 2000. His dissertation, The Seleukid Royal Economy, was published in 2004. Since 2005 he has been an Honorary Research Fellow at University College.

Frank Bernstein studied in Düsseldorf and Oxford. Following positions at the universities of Duisburg, Mainz, and Bielefeld, he now holds a Chair for Ancient History at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am Main. His teaching seeks to pay tribute to a political reading of the legacy of the classical world in line with the Nietzschean approach. His research covers both Greek and Roman history. Bernstein is particularly interested in the political history of religions (see his work on the Ludi publici, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998) and the complex phenomenon of “Archaic Greek Colonization” (such as his study Konflikt und Migration, St. Katharinen: Scripta Mercaturae Verlag, 2004). Recent projects include an analytical study of the pragmatics and semantics of collective oblivion, as a prelude to preparing a monograph which will seek to offer contrasting considerations on the irritating particularity of pacification among the Greeks and the Romans.

Pia Guldager Bilde† was, before her untimely death on January 10, 2013, Associate Professor at Aarhus University. From 1993 to 2002, she was Director of the Museum of Antiquity at that same university. She took part in the Nordic excavations of the Castor and Pollux temple on the Forum Romanum in Rome (1983–1985), and led the excavations of an imperial villa at Lake Nemi south of Rome in 1998–2002. Between 2002 and 2010, she was Director of the Danish National Research Foundation’s Centre for Black Sea Studies.

Andrew Brown is Assistant National Finds Advisor for Iron Age and Roman Coinage at the British Museum. He holds a PhD in Archaeology from the University of Bristol focused on the Iron Age Troad and is Iron Age lead for the Çaltılar Archaeological project.

Michela Costanzi is Associate Professor of Greek History and Archaeology UPJV‐Université d’Amiens, E.A. 4284 TrAme. She is Director of the French archaeological mission at Halaesa, Sicily. Her publications deal with the foundation of Greek cities in the Mediterranean, especially Sicily, southern Italy, and Libya, with a particular interest in secondary foundations (cities established by Greeks who did not come from the Greek homeland, but from already founded cities). She is also interested in other types of non‐Greek foundations in Sicily in the Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman periods.

Franco De Angelis is Professor and Distinguished University Scholar at the University of British Columbia. He specializes in the development of ancient Greek culture outside Greece, in terms of both similarities to and differences with its place of origin. His most recently published work on the subject is Archaic and Classical Greek Sicily: A Social and Economic History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016). He is co‐editor of The Archaeology of Greek Colonisation: Essays Dedicated to Sir John Boardman (revised paperback edition Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology, 2004) and editor of Regionalism and Globalism in Antiquity: Exploring their Limits (Leuven: Peeters, 2013).

Maria Cecilia D’Ercole is a Professor (Directrice d’Études) at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, in Paris. She specializes in cultural and economic contacts in the ancient Mediterranean, in Greek and Roman colonization, in ancient Adriatic trade and landscape, and in ancient carved ambers. She is the author of several articles and volumes; her most recent books are Histoires Méditerranéennes. Aspects de la colonisation grecque de l’Occident à la mer Noire (VIIIe–IVe siècles av. J.‐C.) (Arles: Éditions Errance, 2012) and Ambres gravés. La collection du département des Antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines du Musée du Louvre (Paris: Éditions du Louvre‐Somogy, 2013).

Brien K. Garnand is an Assistant Professor in the Classics Department at Howard University. His interdisciplinary research interests straddle the Greco‐Roman and Near Eastern Mediterranean, its languages and literatures, its archaeology and history. In particular, he focuses on interactions of Greeks and Phoenicians in the central Mediterranean and North Africa. He has undertaken extensive archaeological fieldwork and archival research, including excavations at Mt. Polizzo in Sicily and field survey on Meninx, and is currently preparing archaeological reports for the tophet at Carthage.

Michel Gras is a historian and archaeologist. He was Director of Research at the CNRS (1985–2011) and Director of l’École française de Rome (2003–2011). He was in charge of the French research at Megara Hyblaea, Sicily, between 1994 and 2003. Since 2012, he has been a foreign member of the Accademia dei Lincei, Italy.

Søren Handberg is Associate Professor at the Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History at Oslo University. In 2012–2015 he was Assistant Director of the Danish Institute at Athens. His research has focused mostly on the Greek settlements in Magna Graecia and the Black Sea region. Since 2013 he has conducted excavations in the ancient Greek city of Kalydon in Aetolia in Greece.

Tamar Hodos is Reader in Mediterranean Archaeology at the University of Bristol. A world‐leading expert on the Mediterranean’s Iron Age archaeology, she has written Local Responses to Colonisation in the Iron Age Mediterranean (London: Routledge, 2006) and most recently edited The Routledge Handbook of Archaeology and Globalization (London: Routledge, 2017).

Maria Iacovou is Professor of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology in the Department of History and Archaeology of the University of Cyprus. Her work focuses on political economies in relation to the island landscape of Cyprus from a long‐term, diachronic perspective. Since 2006, she has been directing the Palaepaphos Urban landscape Project (https://ucy.ac.cy/pulp/).

Joseph G. Manning is the William K. and Marilyn Milton Simpson Professor of History and of Classics at Yale University. He specializes in Hellenistic history with particular focus on the legal and economic history of Ptolemaic Egypt. His interests lie in governance, reforms of the state, legal institutions, formation of markets, and the impact of new economic institutions (coinage, banking) on traditional socioeconomic patterns in the ancient world. Much of his previous work has been devoted to the understanding of the interactions between Greek and Egyptian institutions in the Ptolemaic period and the new state formation of the Ptolemies that was driven by these interactions as well as longer term historical forces. His approach, thus, has been to examine Ptolemaic Egyptian society as a whole, striking a balance between state aims and local responses to these aims, and deploying both the Egyptian and the Greek material to fuller effect. Manning is the author of several books, including Land and Power in Ptolemaic Egypt. The Structure of Land Tenure (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), and The Last Pharaohs. Egypt under the Ptolemies, 305–30 BC (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010). His current research involves examining climate change and dynamic modeling of Hellenistic societies.

Martin Mauersberg is Lecturer in Ancient History at the Leopold‐Franzens Universität Innsbruck. His research interests include the perceptions of the past in Antiquity and Reception Studies. He recently published a monograph on ancient and modern perceptions of “Greek colonization”: Die “griechische Kolonisation.” Ihr Bild in der Antike und der modernen altertumswissenschaftlichen Forschung (Bielefeld: transcript, 2019).

Jane Hjarl Petersen is Associate Professor at the Department of Classical Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Her research has focused on burial customs in the Black Sea colonies in a comparative perspective with colonies in Magna Grecia. She has conducted fieldwork in the Black Sea region as well as Southern Italy.

Robert Rollinger holds a PhD (1993) and Habilitation (1999) in Ancient History from Leopold‐Franzens Universität Innsbruck, where since 2005 he has been full Professor in the department of Ancient History and Ancient Near Eastern Studies. Between 2011 and 2015 he was Finland Distinguished Professor at the Department of World Cultures, University of Helsinki, and Research Director of the project “Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East.” His main research interests are Greek historiography, intercultural contacts between East and West, and ancient Near Eastern history of the first millennium BCE.

Joan Sanmartí is Professor at the University of Barcelona. He has also been Visiting Professor at the University of Chicago (2009) and the University Paul Valéry Montpellier III (2013). He has been a member of the Institute of Catalan Studies (International Academic Union) since 2007. He has also been a member of the Committee of Archaeology of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia since 1997. His research has mainly focused on the rise and development of complex societies in pre‐Roman Iberia and the northeastern Maghreb, as well as the evaluation of the respective roles in those processes of endogenous evolution and the relationships with the Greek and Phoenician societies. This activity has involved important fieldwork in central and southern coastal Catalonia, in the Balearic Islands, and since 2006 in Tunisia (Althiburos project).

Sergey Saprykin is Professor and Head of the Department of Ancient History of the Moscow State University. He is also leading fellow‐researcher in the Institute of World History of the Academy of Sciences of Russia.

Gerald P. Schaus is Emeritus Professor of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University. He has excavated and published material from the Demeter Sanctuary, Cyrene. He is currently publishing the Canadian excavation results from the acropolis sanctuary at Stymphalos, Greece. He co‐edited Onward to the Olympics: Historical Perspective on the Olympic Games (Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press and The Canadian Institute in Greece, 2007).

Raimund J. Schulz is Professor of History with particular reference to Ancient History at the University of Bielefeld. His interests cover the history of the sea in antiquity, war, and the emergence of ancient empires. His publications include Die Antike und das Meer (Darmstadt: Primus, 2005), Athen und Sparta, 5th ed. (Darmstadt: WBG, 2015), Kleine Geschichte des antiken Griechenland, 2nd ed. (Stuttgart: Reclam, 2011), and Feldherrn, Krieger und Strategen. Krieg in der Antike von Achill bis Attila (Stuttgart: Klett‐Cotta, 2012).

Despoina Tsiafaki holds a doctorate in Classical Archaeology and is Director of Research at the “Athena” Research Center, Xanthi Department, Greece. Her research focuses on the archaeology of the northern Aegean, ancient ceramics, and Digital Humanities. She has published extensively on the archaeology of the region, and on the relations between Greeks and Thracians. She is the author of a monograph on Thracian myths in Attic art and co‐editor of a volume on the archaeology of Macedonia and Thrace.

Christoph Ulf is Professor Emeritus of Ancient History at the University of Innsbruck. His main research interests focus on the history of Archaic Greece, the development of sociopolitical identities, cultural interactions, sport and competition in ancient societies, and the impact of political beliefs on ancient and modern historiography.

Lela M. Urquhart is the Senior Communications and Development Specialist for the Getty Research Institute in Los Angeles, California. Her research focuses on the archaeology of the ancient western Mediterranean, and specifically on the connections between colonization, religious change, and state formation in Sicily and Sardinia.

Justin St. P. Walsh is Associate Professor of Art History and Archaeology at Chapman University. He has published on Greek pottery and relations between ancient European cultures. Walsh’s primary archaeological expertise is in Sicily. He currently directs an excavation at Cástulo, Spain, and is co‐Principal Investigator of the International Space Station Archaeological Project. He is the author of Consumerism in the Ancient World: Imports and Identity Construction (London: Routledge, 2014).

Peter S. Wells is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Minnesota. His research focus is later European prehistory. Publications include The Barbarians Speak: How the Conquered Peoples Shaped Roman Europe (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999) and How Ancient Europeans Saw the World: Vision, Patterns, and the Shaping of the Mind in Prehistoric Times (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012).

I most grateful to Haze Humbert, my original commissioning editor, who, many years ago, approached me with the idea of this volume. She saw the project develop from idea, through book proposal, to contract, and continued to serve as its commissioning editor as contributors were invited to participate in the volume and contracts issued to them. She and her staff provided advice and support of all kinds, without which this project would not have gotten off the ground. Her successor, Jennifer Manias, has continued to show this project the same commitment and support, and has taken this project now through to publication. I am very grateful to her. I am also very grateful to Ajith Kumar, my project editor, Sakthivel Kandaswamy, my production editor, and their respective teams, who have been responsible for the editing and production side of the publication process. I thank all the contributors for their hard work and patience, and for believing in the project from start to finish. I must also thank my former graduate student Andrei Mihailiuk, who translated Chapters 1 and 3 into English from their French originals. The final word of thanks, though not the least in any sense, is due to Tara Connolly, who not only lived with the entire project, but who also acted as my editorial assistant in the final phase of work needed to put the volume into press.