Edited by
Katrina L. Mealey, BS (Pharm), DVM, PhD
Diplomate ACVIM, Diplomate ACVCP
Fellow, National Academy of Inventors
Professor and Ott Endowed Chair
College of Veterinary Medicine
Washington State University
Pullman, WA, USA
This edition first published 2019
© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available athttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Katrina L. Mealey to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Registered Office
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
Editorial Office
111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Mealey, Katrina L., editor.
Title: Pharmacotherapeutics for veterinary dispensing / edited by Katrina L. Mealey.
Description: Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley Blackwell, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2018033848 (print) | LCCN 2018034804 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119404552 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119532576 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119404545 (pbk.)
Subjects: LCSH: Veterinary drugs. | MESH: Veterinary Drugs | Pharmaceutical Services | Veterinary Medicine | Animal Diseases–drug therapy
Classification: LCC SF917 (ebook) | LCC SF917 .P43 2019 (print) | NLM SF 917 | DDC 636.089/51–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018033848
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: © Rachael Householder; © Henry Moore
This book is dedicated to the two loves of my life: My husband, Bob, who shares my love of veterinary medicine and my son, Stephen, who shares my love of pharmacology.
Terri L. Alessio, DVM, DACVO
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Joe Bartges, DVM, PhD, DACVIM, DACVN
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Eden Bermingham, DVM, MS, DACVCP
Clinical Pharmacology Team, Division of Scientific Support, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
Annie Chen‐Allen, DVM MS, DACVIM (Neurology)
Neurology and Neurosurgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Gigi Davidson, BSPharm, DICVP
Clinical Pharmacy Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Jennifer L. Davis, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (LA), DACVCP
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia‐Maryland (VA‐MD) College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Virginia R. Fajt, DVM, PhD, DACVCP
Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA
Lauren Eichstadt Forsythe, PharmD, FSVHP
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Alice M. Jeromin, RPh, DVM, DACVD
Private practice, Richfield, OH, USA
Margo J. Karriker, PharmD, FSVHP, DICVP
University of California Veterinary Medical Center–San Diego, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
Butch Kukanich, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVCP
Department of Anatomy and Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
Sunshine M. Lahmers, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Cardiology)
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia‐Maryland (VA‐MD) College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Cory Langston, DVM, PhD, DACVCP
ORCID ID 0000‐0002‐4644‐1616
College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
Stephen W. Mealey
Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Katrina L. Mealey, BS (Pharm), DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM, Diplomate ACVCP
College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Karen L. Overall, MA, VMD, PhD, Diplomate ACVB
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Health Management Atlantic Veterinary College, UPEI Charlottetown, PE, Canada
Mark G. Papich, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVCP
Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Patricia A. Talcott, MS, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ABVT
Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience and Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Andrea S. Varela‐Stokes, DVM, PhD
ORCID ID 0000‐0002‐3991‐9730
College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
Katrina R. Viviano, DVM, PhD, DACVIM, DACVCP
Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
Valerie J. Wiebe, PharmD, FSVHP, DICVP
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Michael D. Willard, DVM, MS, DACVIM
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.
Mahatma Gandhi
A number of in‐depth veterinary pharmacology resources have been written that are aimed at the veterinary profession (veterinarians, veterinary students, and veterinary researchers). Similarly, there are a multitude of clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics resources available on the human side aimed at physicians and pharmacists. To our knowledge, this book represents the first effort to “marry” the disciplines of veterinary medicine and pharmacy.
Veterinary medicine, and veterinary pharmacotherapeutics in particular, are undergoing immense changes. No longer is veterinary pharmacology an inexact extension of human pharmacology. Veterinary pharmaceutical products are no longer discarded human drug candidates that are subsequently developed for animals. Targeted enzyme pathway inhibitors (tyrosine kinase and JAK kinase) and even species‐specific monoclonal antibody therapies have been developed by the veterinary pharmaceutical industry and are currently marketed for veterinary patients. The companion animal pharmaceutical market is a multibillion dollar per year industry. In an effort to gain part of this market share, corporate (traditionally “human”) pharmacies have actively lobbied to introduce legislation at both state and federal levels that requires veterinarians to provide prescriptions to pet owners rather than dispense drugs directly to pet owners. Veterinarians have independently started writing more outpatient prescriptions rather than dispensing drugs from their own formulary because (i) carrying a large drug inventory is expensive, and (ii) a number of human‐approved formulations are used off‐label for companion animal disorders.
Consequently, pharmacists are increasingly encountering pet owners in their pharmacies, dispensing drugs for veterinary patients, and being asked to provide counseling on veterinary pharmacotherapeutics. Unfortunately, most pharmacists are not adequately trained to provide these services for veterinary patients. The wealth of information pharmacists acquire in pharmacy school regarding “human” medicine, pharmacology, therapeutics, and so on is often not applicable to other species. Because the pharmacy oath is not limited to one species (i.e. human patients), all pharmacists have an obligation to gain the knowledge and skills necessary to assure optimal outcomes for all patients (human and animal).
The primary goal of this book, therefore, is to improve safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapeutics in veterinary patients – to minimize mistakes based on the presumption that human pharmacology applies to all species, and to maximize therapeutic efficacy by enabling pharmacists to be an integral member of the veterinary healthcare team. The book is not intended (nor is it possible) to include every drug and indication for each veterinary species. The book is not intended to rehash information that pharmacists and pharmacy students have already mastered (i.e. mechanisms of action of drugs used in humans). To emphasize important points, text boxes are used throughout the book. Yellow boxes indicate “Practiced but Not Proven” use of medications by veterinarians (common use of a particular drug without strong evidence supporting that use). Gray boxes indicate when there is a “Dramatic Difference” between species with respect to drug disposition, particularly between humans and animals. Pink boxes indicate “Mandatory Monitoring” for a particular drug, providing the reader with information that can be used to counsel pet owners.
Each contributor, whether a veterinarian, pharmacist, or both, is a recognized expert in his or her field, having received advanced training, achieving certification in their discipline, and most importantly having acquired extensive clinical experience. Collectively, we hope this text will enable more Schools of Pharmacy to provide courses in veterinary (or comparative) pharmacology and/or veterinary pharmacotherapeutics because it isn't enough to know that a dog is not a small person and a cat is not a small dog.