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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: P.M., Visakh, editor. | Bayraktar, Oguz, editor. | Menon,
Gopalakrishnan, 1980‐ editor.
Title: Bio monomers for green polymeric composite materials / edited by Dr.
P.M. Visakh, TUSUR University, Russia, Dr. Oguz Bayraktar, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey, Dr.
Gopalakrishnan Menon, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation.
Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2019] |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2018061443 (print) | LCCN 2019000950 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119301691 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119301707 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119301646
(hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: Biomedical materials. | Polymeric composites. | Polymer
colloids. | Biofilms. | Green chemistry. | Monomers.
Classification: LCC R857.M3 (ebook) | LCC R857.M3 B45 2019 (print) | DDC
610.28/4–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018061443
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © T.Thinnapat/Shutterstock
This book summarizes many of the recent research accomplishments in the area of biomonomers for green polymeric composites and their nanocomposites. It includes an introduction to biomonomers for green polymers, the current status of these compounds, new challenges, opportunities, and processing methods for bionanocomposites, biopolymeric material‐based blends, the preparation, characterization, and applications of biomonomers and their nanocomposites, applications of biopolymeric gels in medical biotechnology, an introduction to green polymeric membranes, properties and applications of gelatins, pectins, and carrageenans gels, the biodegradation of green polymeric composite materials, applications of green polymeric composites materials, hydrogels used for biomedical applications, and natural aerogels as thermal insulations.
This book is a valuable reference source for university and college faculties, professionals, post‐doctoral research fellows, senior graduate students, and researchers from R&D laboratories working in the area of biomonomers and green polymeric composites materials. The chapters are contributed by prominent researchers from industry, academia, and government/private research laboratories across the globe and present an up‐to‐date record of the major findings and observations in the field of biomonomers and green polymeric composite materials.
The first chapter discusses the state of art and new challenges of biomonomers and green polymeric composite materials.
The second chapter covers several topics, including classification of nanobiocomposites, general processing methods, and properties. The author also includes many subtopics, such as polysaccharide nanocomposites, animal protein‐based nanocomposites, plant protein‐based nanocomposites, metal nanocomposites, and inorganic nanocomposites. General processing methods such as pressure extrusion, solid‐state shear pulverization, electrospinning, solution casting, evaporation, melt intercalation, in situ polymerization, drying techniques and polymer grafting are also discussed in this chapter.
Various topics on biopolymeric material‐based blends, such as preparation, characterization, and applications, are addressed in Chapter 3. This chapter presents a comprehensive study of biopolymeric material‐based blends, including general preparative methods, aqueous blending technology, their hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature, degradation problems, thermodynamics of miscibility, and their opportunities or challenges. Biopolymeric blends have attracted academic, research, and industrial scientists' attention as their properties are desirable for various applications. The challenges due to the unique structure, preparative methods, and resultant properties of blends of natural polymeric materials are discussed, and examples are drawn from the scientific literature. The various forms of natural polymers, i.e. polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, natural rubber, chitosan, starch, and silk‐based blends, are reviewed with respect to preparative techniques, characterization methods, and various applications.
The fourth chapter of this book discusses the applications of biopolymeric gels in medical biotechnology. The primary objective of this chapter is to review the literature regarding the classification of the properties of hydrogels and their biomedical applications. The composition and structure of hydrogels, especially their use in biological fields, makes them ideal candidates for biopharmaceutical implementation. Innovations in recent manufacturing and world‐wide resources of hydrogels are also reported.
The fifth chapter introduces green polymeric membranes, covering types of green polymeric membranes, their physicochemical properties, and their potential applications. The application of these materials in various industries was facilitated by their tremendous and significant physicochemical properties. However, despite these advances, there are still some drawbacks which prevent the wider commercialization of green polymeric membranes in many applications. This chapter reviews the current trend of research involving green polymeric membranes that focuses on the fabrication method, processing, and surface and structure modification. In addition, the long‐term stability and durability of green polymeric membranes for specific applications has become a challenge to researchers all around the world. The introduction of nanostructure fillers (e.g. graphene oxide, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, nano‐clay, etc.) and the blending with other polymers, or the making of new copolymers, has significantly improved their overall properties and performance. These improvements are generally attained at low filler content, and this nano‐reinforcement is a very attractive route to generate new functional green polymeric membranes for various applications. It should be noted that the development of green polymeric membranes with specific physicochemical properties for specific functionalities is crucial for practical applications in industry. Green polymeric membranes with various physicochemical properties have a promising contribution to make in various applications.
Chapter 6 discusses the properties and applications of gelatins, pectins, and carrageenans gels. For each of these substances the authors cover various subtopics, such as structural units, molecular structure, properties, thickening ability, gelling ability, film‐forming properties, microbiological properties, food applications, cosmetics applications, and pharmaceutical applications. In the chapter on biodegradation of green polymeric composite materials, the authors consider a wide range of review studies on this subject, including biomechanical pathways for the degradation of green polymers and green polymer composites. Several studies have been carried out to design polymers with biodegradable properties to help keep the environment safe and clean.
In Chapter 8, on applications of green polymeric composites materials, the authors discuss several different topics, including a series of interesting green polymer composites developed from thermoplastic starch and its blends, poly(lactic acids) and its modifications, cellulose, gelatin, and chitosan. The authors also describe how natural fibers have more environmentally friendly properties than synthetic fibers synthesized from agricultural sources such as jute, banana, bamboo, and coconut coir, etc. There is thus a wide range of possible applications of nanocomposites from agriculture to automobiles. However, problems of poor adhesion of matrix and fiber, difficulty with fiber orientation, achieving nanoscale sizes, and the evolution of truly green polymers that are environmentally friendly and renewable must first be solved.
In Chapter 9, constituents, fabrication, crosslinking and clinical applications of hydrogels are described. Hydrogels are extensively found in everyday products although their potential has so far not been thoroughly investigated. The authors review the fabrication and composition of hydrogels along with their different properties, and the natural and synthetic polymers used for the development of hydrogels in the presence of different crosslinking agents. The major characteristics of hydrogels related to clinical, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications are also identified, particularly for applications of hydrogels in contact lenses, oral drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering matrices, and gene delivery.
The final chapter examines the use of natural aerogels as thermal insulation and in other applications. A further review of natural aerogel‐based composites and nanocomposites is also provided.
The editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all the contributors to this book, whose excellent support led to the successful completion of this venture. We are grateful to them for the commitment and the sincerity they have shown toward their contribution to the book. Without their enthusiasm and support, the compilation of this book would have not been possible. We would like to thank all the reviewers who have given their valuable time to make critical comments on each chapter. We also thank Wiley for recognizing the demand for such a book, and for realizing the increasing importance of the area of bio monomers for green polymeric composites materials and supporting this project.
Tomsk, Russia, March 2019
Dr. P.M. Visakh
Dr. Oguz Bayraktar
Dr. Gopalakrishnan Menon