Cover
Dedication
1 Introduction
1. 1.1 The Telecommunications/ICT Sector in the Twenty‐First Century
2. 1.2 Convergence of the Telecom and Internet Worlds and QoS
3. 1.3 Introduction to QoS, QoE, and Network Performance
4. 1.4 ITU's QoS Framework
5. 1.5 QoE Concepts and Standards
6. 1.6 General QoS Terminology
7. 1.7 Discussion
8. References
2 Internet QoS
1. 2.1 Overview of Internet Technology Protocols
2. 2.2 Fundamental Internet Network Architectures
3. 2.3 Internet Traffic Characterization
4. 2.4 QoS on Different Protocols Layers
5. 2.5 Traffic Management Techniques
6. 2.6 Internet QoS Frameworks: the IETF and the ITU
7. 2.7 Integrated Services (IntServ) and Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
8. 2.8 QoS with Multi‐Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)
9. 2.9 Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)
10. 2.10 Basic Inter‐Provider QoS Model
11. 2.11 IP Network Architectures for End‐to‐End QoS
12. 2.12 Discussion
13. References
3 QoS in NGN and Future Networks
1. 3.1 ITU's Next Generation Networks
2. 3.2 Transport and Service Stratum of NGNs
3. 3.3 Service Architecture in NGN
4. 3.4 QoS Architectures for NGN
5. 3.5 Management of Performance Measurements in NGN
6. 3.6 DPI Performance Models and Metrics
7. 3.7 QoS in Future Networks
8. 3.8 Business and Regulatory Aspects
9. References
4 QoS for Fixed Ultra‐Broadband
1. 4.1 Ultra‐broadband DSL and Cable Access
2. 4.2 Ultra‐Broadband Optical Access
3. 4.3 QoS for Fixed Ultra‐Broadband Access
4. 4.4 QoS in Ethernet and Metro Ethernet
5. 4.5 End‐to‐End QoS Network Design
6. 4.6 Strategic Aspects for Ultra‐Broadband
7. References
5 QoS for Mobile Ultra‐Broadband
1. 5.1 Mobile Ultra‐Broadband Network Architectures
2. 5.2 QoS in 3G Broadband Mobile Networks
3. 5.3 QoS in 4G Ultra‐Broadband: LTE‐Advanced‐Pro
4. 5.4 QoS and Giga Speed WiFi
5. 5.5 WiFi vs. LTE/LTE‐Advanced in Unlicensed Bands: The QoS Viewpoint
6. 5.6 The ITU's IMT‐2020
7. 5.7 QoS in 5G Mobile Ultra‐Broadband
8. 5.8 Mobile Broadband Spectrum Management and QoS
9. 5.9 Very Small Cell Deployments and Impact on QoS
10. 5.10 Business and Regulation Aspects for Mobile Ultra‐Broadband
11. References
6 Services in Fixed and Mobile Ultra‐Broadband
1. 6.1 QoS‐enabled VoIP Services
2. 6.2 QoS‐enabled Video and IPTV Services
3. 6.3 QoE for VoIP and IPTV
4. 6.4 QoS for Popular Internet Services
5. 6.5 QoS for Business Users (VPN Services)
6. 6.6 QoS for Internet Access Service and Over‐the‐Top Data Services
7. 6.7 Internet of Things (IoT) Services
8. 6.8 Cloud Computing Services
9. 6.9 Business and Regulatory Challenges for Services Over Ultra‐Broadband
10. References
7 Broadband QoS Parameters, KPIs, and Measurements
1. 7.1 QoS, QoE, and Application Needs
2. 7.2 Generic and Specific QoS Parameters
3. 7.3 Interconnection and QoS
4. 7.4 KPIs for Real‐Time Services
5. 7.5 KPIs for Data Services and VPNs
6. 7.6 KPIs for Smart Sustainable Cities
7. 7.7 QoS and QoE Assessment Methodologies
8. 7.8 Broadband QoS Measurements
9. 7.9 Quality Measurement Tools and Platforms
10. 7.10 Discussion
11. References
8 Network Neutrality
1. 8.1 Introduction to Network Neutrality
2. 8.2 Degradations of Internet Access Service
3. 8.3 Main Regulatory Goals on Network Neutrality
4. 8.4 Network Neutrality Business Aspects
5. 8.5 Role of NRAs in Regulation of Network Neutrality
6. 8.6 Network Neutrality Approaches
7. 8.7 Challenges Regarding QoS and Network Neutrality
8. 8.8 Network Neutrality Enforcement
9. 8.9 Discussion
10. References
9 QoS Regulatory Framework
1. 9.1 Scope of QoS Regulation
2. 9.2 Fundamentals of QoS Regulation
3. 9.3 QoS Regulation Guidelines by the ITU
4. 9.4 SLA and QoS Regulation
5. 9.5 Specifying Parameters, Levels, and Measurement Methods
6. 9.6 KPIs and Measurement Methods for Fixed and Mobile Services
7. 9.7 QoS and Pricing
8. 9.8 QoS Enforcement
9. 9.9 Discussion
10. References
10 Conclusions
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1
1. Table 1.1 Mean opinion score for the quality of experience.
2. Table 1.2 QoS criteria.
3. Table 1.3 Some important ITU‐T recommendations on QoS and QoE.
4. Table 1.4 General QoS terms [12].
Chapter 2
1. Table 2.1 Traffic management: positive and negative effects on QoS.
2. Table 2.2 Comparison of best‐effort, DiffServ, and IntServ.
3. Table 2.3 Framework for DPI on QoS.
4. Table 2.4 Mapping between DiffServ, MPLS, and Ethernet.
Chapter 3
1. Table 3.1 Main SIP messages.
2. Table 3.2 SIP response codes and messages.
3. Table 3.3 Ethernet QoS services mapping.
4. Table 3.4 DPI performance metrics.
Chapter 4
1. Table 4.1 Main ADSL broadband standards and bitrates.
2. Table 4.2 Main VDSL standards for broadband and ultra‐broadband access.
3. Table 4.3 DOCSIS standards.
4. Table 4.4 PON standards.
5. Table 4.5 QoS types for GPON.
6. Table 4.6 Performance tiers for Carrier Ethernet.
7. Table 4.7 Carrier Ethernet CoS performance objectives (CPO) per PT for point‐to‐...
8. Table 4.8 ITU QoS classes.
9. Table 4.9 European targets regarding broadband and ultra‐broadband by 2020.
Chapter 5
1. Table 5.1 Theoretical maximum bitrates for user equipment for 4G mobile broadban...
2. Table 5.2 QoS class identifiers (QCI) for LTE/LTE‐Advanced (3GPP Release 14).
3. Table 5.3 QoS rules in 3GPP mobile networks.
4. Table 5.4 WiFi maximum and bitrates.
5. Table 5.5 WiFi access categories and priorities for QoS provisioning.
6. Table 5.6 Default EDCA parameters for WiFi QoS provisioning.
7. Table 5.7 IETF DiffServ classes mapping to WiFi access categories and priorities...
8. Table 5.8 Comparison of ITU objectives in IMT‐Advanced (4G) and IMT‐2020 (5G).
9. Table 5.9 5G QoS indicator (5QI) list.
Chapter 6
1. Table 6.1 Main video resolutions and respective bitrates (for display aspect rat...
2. Table 6.2 Categories for voice transmission quality.
3. Table 6.3 Requirements for satisfactory QoE for IPTV over DSL.
4. Table 6.4 Standardized QoS parameters for email.
5. Table 6.5 Trigger points for QoS parameter email mean data rate.
6. Table 6.6 Standardized HTTP QoS parameters.
7. Table 6.7 Trigger points for QoS parameter HTTP service non‐accessibility.
8. Table 6.8 Type of traffic management interventions.
9. Table 6.9 3GPP mobile IoT.
10. Table 6.10 QoS metrics for cloud services.
11. Table 6.11 IoT services types and business models.
Chapter 7
1. Table 7.1 Comparable performance indicators.
2. Table 7.2 Examples of non‐utilization QoS parameters.
3. Table 7.3 KPIs for TDM interconnection.
4. Table 7.4 LTE QCI for VoLTE.
5. Table 7.5 KPI targets for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) services.
6. Table 7.6 Popular types of OTT applications and quality parameters.
7. Table 7.7 Performance requirements for future SSC services over 5G mobile networ...
8. Table 7.8 Measurement sample sizes and confidence intervals.
9. Table 7.9 Minimum set of QoS parameters for IP network service.
10. Table 7.10 Primary quality metrics in SamKnows platform.
Chapter 9
1. Table 9.1 List of proposed parameters.
2. Table 9.2 Main KPIs for mobile voice and IAS services.
3. Table 9.3 Broadband mapping.

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1
1. Figure 1.1 Global telecommunication/ICT broadband developments.
2. Figure 1.2 Comparison of traditional protocol layering model (Open Systems Inte...
3. Figure 1.3 Transition from separate networks for different services (the tradit...
4. Figure 1.4 Technical and non‐technical points of view for quality of service.
5. Figure 1.5 Network performance (NP) and quality of service (QoS).
6. Figure 1.6 Network performance, QoS, and QoE.
7. Figure 1.7 QoS viewpoints.
8. Figure 1.8 Four‐market model.
9. Figure 1.9 Customer experience dependence on QoS and customer expectation of Qo...
10. Figure 1.10 End‐to‐end QoS.
Chapter 2
1. Figure 2.1 Comparison of IPv4 and IPv 6packet headers.
2. Figure 2.2 User datagram protocol (UDP).
3. Figure 2.3 TCP congestion control.
4. Figure 2.4 Basic network model for QoS analysis.
5. Figure 2.5 Video traffic shaping and effect of the packet delay.
6. Figure 2.6 Video playback point.
7. Figure 2.7 TCP behavior at congestion.
8. Figure 2.8 Interrelationship of QoS parameters.
9. Figure 2.9 Priority queuing for VoIP, IPTV, and Internet access service.
10. Figure 2.10 Traffic management versus available network capacity.
11. Figure 2.11 QoS architectural framework by the ITU.
12. Figure 2.12 QoS call setup signaling for integrated service (IntServ).
13. Figure 2.13 Differentiated services (DiffServ) functions.
14. Figure 2.14 Classification and conditioning of IP traffic.
15. Figure 2.15 MPLS network architecture.
16. Figure 2.16 Deep packet inspection (DPI).
17. Figure 2.17 Basic model for a single provider.
18. Figure 2.18 Basic inter‐provider model.
19. Figure 2.19 IP networks with heterogeneous QoS mechanisms.
Chapter 3
1. Figure 3.1 Network concept changing from traditional telecom networks to NGN.
2. Figure 3.2 NGN transport and service stratums.
3. Figure 3.3 NGN functional architecture.
4. Figure 3.4 IMS architecture.
5. Figure 3.5 SIP network architecture.
6. Figure 3.6 Diameter network architecture.
7. Figure 3.7 Diameter architecture for QoS AAA.
8. Figure 3.8 Ethernet‐based NGN architecture.
9. Figure 3.9 Reference model for VPN use for end‐to‐end Ethernet service.
10. Figure 3.10 Architecture for traffic management of Ethernet‐based services in N...
11. Figure 3.11 Models for performance management in NGN.
12. Figure 3.12 DPI performance model.
13. Figure 3.13 Architecture for network virtualization.
14. Figure 3.14 SDN layered architecture.
Chapter 4
1. Figure 4.1 ADSL network architecture.
2. Figure 4.2 Cable access network architecture.
3. Figure 4.3 FTTx network architecture.
4. Figure 4.4 Use of priority and scheduling for QoS provisioning in a DSL network...
5. Figure 4.5 PacketCable QoS architecture.
6. Figure 4.6 Priority scheduling for multiple queues in T‐CONT in GPON/NG‐PONs.
7. Figure 4.7 Provider bridges and provider backbone bridges for carrier ethernet ...
8. Figure 4.8 Metro Ethernet bandwidth profiles for mobile backhaul.
9. Figure 4.9 End‐to‐end IP network QoS.
10. Figure 4.10 End‐to‐end QoS provision.
11. Figure 4.11 Dependence of network design on the interconnection points and acce...
12. Figure 4.12 Bottleneck at interconnection points in end‐to‐end network design.
13. Figure 4.13 Framework for ultra‐broadband infrastructure investment needs.
Chapter 5
1. Figure 5.1 Global shares of 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks.
2. Figure 5.2 Timeline of 3GPP mobile networks.
3. Figure 5.3 Architecture evolution of 3GPP mobile networks.
4. Figure 5.4 4G mobile network architecture for LTE/LTE‐Advanced.
5. Figure 5.5 5G mobile network architecture.
6. Figure 5.6 Bearer architecture for QoS support in UMTS.
7. Figure 5.7 QoS support in LTE/LTE‐Advanced mobile networks.
8. Figure 5.8 WiFi architectures.
9. Figure 5.9 Access categories in IEEE 802.11e for WiFi QoS support.
10. Figure 5.10 LTE‐WiFi aggregation scenarios.
11. Figure 5.11 Network slicing for IMT‐2020.
12. Figure 5.12 QoS flow mapping in 5G.
13. Figure 5.13 Small cells scenarios.
14. Figure 5.14 Revenue forecast of mobile operators in the 5G era.
Chapter 6
1. Figure 6.1 Voice service in the next generation network (NGN) environment.
2. Figure 6.2 VoIP transfer over NGN.
3. Figure 6.3 IPTV domains.
4. Figure 6.4 QoS provisioning for IPTV and QoS‐enabled video services.
5. Figure 6.5 E‐model for voice quality assessment.
6. Figure 6.6 VPN framework architecture in NGN.
7. Figure 6.7 General traffic management architecture.
8. Figure 6.8 DPI‐based OTT traffic management.
9. Figure 6.9 Traffic management dependence upon network capacity.
10. Figure 6.10 Three internet of things (IoT) dimensions.
11. Figure 6.11 QoS requirements for critical IoT vs. massive IoT.
12. Figure 6.12 QoE estimation based on artificial intelligence analysis of measure...
13. Figure 6.13 Cloud ecosystem.
14. Figure 6.14 Content distribution networks (CDN) for cloud services.
Chapter 7
1. Figure 7.1 User‐centric QoS.
2. Figure 7.2 IP traffic predictions by type of broadband access and type of custo...
3. Figure 7.3 Growth of number of autonomous systems.
4. Figure 7.4 End‐to‐end QoS provision for Internet traffic.
5. Figure 7.5 Internet interconnection points as possible bottleneck.
6. Figure 7.6 VPN services: pipes and hoses.
7. Figure 7.7 QoS layering model for mobile services.
8. Figure 7.8 Smart sustainable cities (SSC) architecture.
9. Figure 7.9 Network models for QoS measurements.
10. Figure 7.10 Customer and service provider QoS perceptions.
11. Figure 7.11 Measurements of Internet QoS at national and international levels.
12. Figure 7.12 SamKnows measurement probe.
Chapter 8
1. Figure 8.1 End‐to‐end Internet communication model.
2. Figure 8.2 Degradation of internet access service (IAS) as a whole.
3. Figure 8.3 Regulatory interventions in regard to network neutrality.
4. Figure 8.4 Reference national measurement system for Internet access services.
5. Figure 8.5 Three dimensions of network neutrality.
Chapter 9
1. Figure 9.1 QoS measures applied by NRAs to telecom operators.
2. Figure 9.2 QoS regulation activities.
3. Figure 9.3 Service quality agreement (SQA) and QoS parameters.
4. Figure 9.4 The Internet as a two‐sided market.
5. Figure 9.5 Internet access service users versus willingness to pay (WTP) for Qo...
6. Figure 9.6 Regulation approaches for ensuring QoS compliance.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Janevski, Toni, author.

Title: QoS for fixed and mobile ultra‐broadband / Toni Janevski, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia.

Description: Hoboken, NJ, USA : Wiley IEEE Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. |

Identifiers: LCCN 2018060368 (print) | LCCN 2019000192 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119470496 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119470489 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119470502 (hardcover)

Subjects: LCSH: Mobile communication systems–Quality control. | Wireless communication systems–Quality control. | Broadband communication systems–Quality control.

Classification: LCC TK5102.84 (ebook) | LCC TK5102.84 .J36 2019 (print) | DDC 384.3068/5–dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018060368

Cover Design: Wiley