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<p>Preface xiii</p> <p><b>1 Different Types of Microstrip Filters for UWB Communication 1<br /></b><i>Prashant Ranjan, Krishna Kumar, Sachin Kumar Pal and Rachna Shah</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2 Previous Work 2</p> <p>1.2.1 Multiband Microwave Filter for a Wireless Communication System 2</p> <p>1.2.2 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Bandpass Filter 5</p> <p>1.2.3 Ultra-Wideband Filter with Notch Band Characteristic 10</p> <p>1.3 Conclusions 16</p> <p>References 17</p> <p><b>2 Design, Isolation Analysis, and Characterization of 2×2/4×4 MIMO Antennas for High-Speed Wireless Applications 23<br /></b><i>Manish Sharma, Rajeev Kumar and Preet Kaur</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 24</p> <p>2.2 Understanding 2×2 MIMO Antenna Configuration 25</p> <p>2.3 Diversity Performance Analysis of 2×2 UWB-MIMO/Dual-Polarization/UWB: Single, Dual, Triple, and Four Notched Bands 32</p> <p>2.4 4×4 MIMO Antenna 39</p> <p>2.5 Conclusions 40</p> <p>References 41</p> <p><b>3 Various Antenna Array Designs Using Scilab Software: An Exploratory Study 49<br /></b><i>V. A. Sankar Ponnapalli and Praveena A</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 49</p> <p>3.2 Scilab: An Open-Source Software Solution 51</p> <p>3.3 Antenna Array Design Using Scilab: Codes and Results 52</p> <p>3.4 Conclusions 57</p> <p>References 58</p> <p><b>4 Conformal Wearable Antenna Design, Implementation and Challenges 61<br /></b><i>Brajlata Chauhan, Vivek Kumar Srivastava, Amrindra Pal and Sandip Vijay</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 62</p> <p>4.2 Conformal Antenna 63</p> <p>4.2.1 Singly Curved Surfaces 63</p> <p>4.3 Characteristics of Conformal Antenna 64</p> <p>4.3.1 Radiation Pattern 64</p> <p>4.3.2 Scan-Invariant Pattern 65</p> <p>4.3.3 Phase-Scanned Pattern 65</p> <p>4.3.4 Polarization 65</p> <p>4.4 Design Methodology - Antenna Modeling 66</p> <p>4.4.1 Overview 66</p> <p>4.4.2 Geometry and Calculation of Planar MSA 66</p> <p>4.4.3 Calculated and Optimized Value of Antenna 69</p> <p>4.5 Wearable Conformal Antenna 69</p> <p>4.5.1 Wearable Technology 71</p> <p>4.5.2 Wearable Devices for Medical Systems 72</p> <p>4.5.3 Wearable Medical Devices Applications 72</p> <p>4.5.4 Measurement of Human Body Temperature 73</p> <p>4.5.5 Measurement of Blood Pressure 73</p> <p>4.5.6 Measurement of Heart Rate 73</p> <p>4.5.7 Measurement of Respiration Rate 74</p> <p>4.5.8 Measurement of Sweat Rate 74</p> <p>4.5.9 Measurement of Human Gait 74</p> <p>4.6 Textile and Cloth Fabric Wearable Antennas 76</p> <p>4.6.1 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) 76</p> <p>4.6.2 Interaction with Human Body 77</p> <p>4.6.3 Wearable Devices Tracking and Monitoring Doctors 77</p> <p>4.6.4 Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) 78</p> <p>4.7 Design of Liquid Crystalline Polymer (LCP) Based Wearable Antenna 79</p> <p>4.7.1 Dimensions of the Proposed Model 80</p> <p>4.7.2 Slot Loaded Ground: (Defective Ground Structure - DGS) 80</p> <p>4.7.3 Radiation Characteristics 81</p> <p>4.8 Result Discussion and Analysis 82</p> <p>4.9 Challenges and Future Needs 83</p> <p>4.10 Conclusion 83</p> <p>References 85</p> <p><b>5 Design and Analysis of On-Body Wearable Antenna with AMC Backing for ISM Band Applications 91<br /></b><i>B Prudhvi Nadh and B T P Madhav</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 92</p> <p>5.2 Design of Star-Shape with AMC Backed Structure 92</p> <p>5.2.1 Characterization of AMC Unit Cell 94</p> <p>5.3 Discussion of Results of Star-Shaped Antenna with AMC Structure 95</p> <p>5.3.1 Bending Analysis of Star-Shaped Antenna with AMC Backed Structure 96</p> <p>5.4 On-body Placement Analysis of Proposed Antenna with AMC Structure 97</p> <p>5.4.1 Specific Absorption Rate Analysis 97</p> <p>5.4.2 On-Body Gain of the Star-Shaped Antenna With and Without AMC 98</p> <p>5.4.3 Far-Field Characteristics of An Antenna 99</p> <p>5.5 Transmitting Signal Strength 100</p> <p>5.6 Conclusion 101</p> <p>References 101</p> <p><b>6 Antenna Miniaturization for IoT Applications 105<br /></b><i>Sandip Vijay and Brajlata Chauhan</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction  106</p> <p>6.2 Issues in Antenna Miniaturization  108</p> <p>6.3 Antenna for IoT Applications  109</p> <p>6.4 Miniaturize Reconfigurable Antenna for IoT 112</p> <p>6.5 Conclusion & Future Work 114</p> <p>References 114</p> <p><b>7 Modified Circular-Shaped Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Utilities 119<br /></b><i>Manpreet Kaur, Jagtar Singh Sivia and Navneet Kaur</i></p> <p>7.1 Overview of Wireless Communication 120</p> <p>7.2 Introduction to Microstrip Patch Antenna 120</p> <p>7.3 Literature Review 122</p> <p>7.4 Design and Implementation of Projected Antenna 124</p> <p>7.5 Results and Discussion 126</p> <p>7.5.1 Scattering Parameters (S11) 126</p> <p>7.5.2 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 127</p> <p>7.5.3 Bandwidth 128</p> <p>7.5.4 Gain 128</p> <p>7.5.5 Radiation Pattern 130</p> <p>7.5.6 Surface Current Distribution 132</p> <p>7.5.7 Axial Ratio 132</p> <p>7.5.8 Group Delay 132</p> <p>7.6 Parametric Analysis 132</p> <p>7.6.1 Effect of Parameter ‘RP’ 134</p> <p>7.6.2 Effect of Parameter ‘Fw’ 135</p> <p>7.6.3 Effect of Parameter ‘LPG’ 135</p> <p>7.6.4 Effect of Different Substrate Materials 135</p> <p>7.7 Summary 138</p> <p>References 138</p> <p><b>8 Reconfigurable Antenna for Cognitive Radio System 143<br /></b><i>Dr. Swapnil Srivastava, Vinay Singh and Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Gupta</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 143</p> <p>8.2 Antenna 144</p> <p>8.3 Antenna Reconfigurations 146</p> <p>8.4 Uses and Drawbacks of Reconfigurable Antenna 146</p> <p>8.5 Spectrum Access and Cognitive Radio 147</p> <p>8.6 Cognitive Radio 147</p> <p>8.7 Spectrum Sensing and Allocation 147</p> <p>8.8 Results and Discussion 149</p> <p>8.9 Conclusions 153</p> <p>References 154</p> <p><b>9 Ultra-Wideband Filtering Antenna: Advancement and Challenges 155<br /></b><i>Prashant Ranjan, Krishna Kumar, Sachin Kumar Pal and Rachna Shah</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 155</p> <p>9.2 Ultra-Wideband Filtering Antenna 156</p> <p>9.3 Ultra-Wideband Filtering Antenna with Notch Band Characteristic 159</p> <p>9.4 Conclusions 162</p> <p>References 163</p> <p><b>10 UWB and Multiband Reconfigurable Antennas 165<br /></b><i>Manish Sharma, Rajeev Kumar and Preet Kaur</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 166</p> <p>10.2 Need for Reconfigurable Antennas 167</p> <p>10.3 RF PIN Diode and MEMS Switch as Switching Devices 168</p> <p>10.4 Triple Notched Band Reconfigurable Antenna 171</p> <p>10.5 Tri-Band Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna 180</p> <p>10.6 Conclusions 180</p> <p>References 181</p> <p><b>11 IoT World Communication through Antenna Propagation with Emerging Design Analysis Features 185<br /></b><i>E.B. Priyanka and S. Thangavel</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 186</p> <p>11.2 Design and Parameter Analysis of Multi-Input Multi-Output Antennas 188</p> <p>11.3 Measurement Analysis in 3D Pattern with IoT Module 190</p> <p>11.4 Comparison of Antenna Design Concerning the IoT Data Transmission 193</p> <p>11.5 Conclusions 196</p> <p>Acknowledgement 197</p> <p>References 197</p> <p><b>12 Reconfigurable Antennas 203<br /></b><i>Dr. K Suman</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 203</p> <p>12.2 Reconfigurability of Antenna 205</p> <p>12.2.1 Frequency Reconfigurable Antennas (FRAs) 205</p> <p>12.2.1.1 Continuous Tuning 206</p> <p>12.2.1.2 Discrete Tuning 206</p> <p>12.3 Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna (RA) 207</p> <p>12.3.1 Polarization RA with Single Band 207</p> <p>12.3.2 Dual-Band Polarization RA 208</p> <p>12.3.3 Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna (RA) 209</p> <p>12.3.4 Main-Beam Shape 209</p> <p>12.3.5 Main Beam Scanning 209</p> <p>12.4 Compound Reconfigurable Antennas (RAs) 210</p> <p>12.5 Reconfigurable Leaky Wave Antennas 211</p> <p>12.6 Reconfigurable Antennas - Applications in Wireless Communication 212</p> <p>12.6.1 Reconfigurable Antennas – MIMO Communication Systems 212</p> <p>12.6.2 Reconfigurable Antennas - Mobile Terminals 213</p> <p>12.6.3 Reconfigurable Antennas for Cognitive Radio Applications 213</p> <p>12.6.4 Reconfigurable Antennas - MIMO-Based Cognitive Radio Applications 214</p> <p>12.6.5 Reconfigurable Antennas - WLAN Band Rejection 215</p> <p>12.6.6 Reconfigurable Antennas - Wireless Sensing 215</p> <p>12.6.7 Reconfigurable Antennas - Terahertz (THz) Communication Applications 216</p> <p>12.6.8 Reconfigurable Antennas - Millimeter-Wave Communication Applications 216</p> <p>12.7 Optimization, Control, and Modeling of Reconfigurable Antennas 217</p> <p>12.8 Conclusions 218</p> <p>References 219</p> <p><b>13 Design of Compact Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Antennas for Microwave Imaging Applications 221<br /></b><i>Dr. J. Vijayalakshmi and Dr. V. Dinesh</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 222</p> <p>13.1.1 Ultra-Wideband Antennas (UWB) 222</p> <p>13.2 Microwave Imaging 224</p> <p>13.3 Antenna Design Implementation 226</p> <p>13.3.1 Design of Reflector-Based Antipodal Bowtie Antenna 226</p> <p>13.3.2 Fabrication of Slotted Bowtie Antenna with Reflector Prototype 228</p> <p>13.3.3 Parametric Study on the Effect of Slot in the Bowtie Antenna 229</p> <p>13.3.4 Radiation Pattern 232</p> <p>13.4 Design of a UWB-Based Compact Rectangular Antenna 232</p> <p>13.4.1 Parametric Results of the Strip Attached at the Top of the Antenna 233</p> <p>13.4.2 Effect of Inserting Slot L1 xW1 and Location of the Slot ds 236</p> <p>13.4.3 Effect of Varying the Length of Slot L2 and L3 237</p> <p>13.4.4 Performance Comparison of the Measured and Simulated Results of the Miniaturized UWB Antenna 238</p> <p>13.4.5 Radiation Characteristic of the Proposed Miniaturized UWB Antenna 240</p> <p>13.5 Validation of the Miniaturized UWB Antenna with the Human Breast Model Developed 240</p> <p>13.5.1 Validation of the Staircase UWB Antenna with the Human Breast Model Developed 242</p> <p>13.5.2 MUSIC Beamforming Algorithm 243</p> <p>13.5.3 Estimation of DOA Using MUSIC Algorithm 246</p> <p>13.6 Conclusions 247</p> <p>References 248</p> <p><b>14 Joint Transmit and Receive MIMO Beamforming in Multiuser MIMO Communications 251<br /></b><i>Muhammad Moinuddin, Jawwad Ahmad, Muhammad Zubair and Syed Sajjad Hussain Rizvi</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 252</p> <p>14.2 System Model: Proposed Mimo Beamforming Architecture 253</p> <p>14.3 Mimo Beamforming Based on Generalized Least Mean (GLM) Algorithm 254</p> <p>14.3.1 Update of the Receive Weight Vector 255</p> <p>14.3.2 Update of Transmit Weight Vector 255</p> <p>14.4 Mean and Mean Square Stability of the GLM 255</p> <p>14.5 Simulation Results 256</p> <p>14.5.1 Effect of K on the MSE 257</p> <p>14.5.2 Effect of μ on the MSE 257</p> <p>14.5.3 Effect of M and N on the MSE 258</p> <p>14.5.4 Effect of SNR on the MSE 258</p> <p>14.5.5 Effect of SNR on Bit Error Rate 259</p> <p>14.6 Summary 260</p> <p>References 260</p> <p><b>15 Adaptive Stochastic Gradient Equalizer Design for Multiuser MIMO System 263<br /></b><i>Muhammad Moinuddin, Jawwad Ahmad, Muhammad Zubair and Syed Sajjad Hussain Rizvi</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 264</p> <p>15.2 Related Literature Review 264</p> <p>15.3 System Model 265</p> <p>15.4 Derivation for the Probability of Error 267</p> <p>15.5 Design of Adaptive Equalizer by Minimizing BER 270</p> <p>15.5.1 Interior Point Approach 270</p> <p>15.5.2 Stochastic Gradient Approach 270</p> <p>15.6 Simulation Results 273</p> <p>15.7 Summary 274</p> <p>References 275</p> <p>Index 279</p>

<p><b>Prashant Ranjan,</b> PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University of Engineering and Management Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. He earned his masters and doctorate from Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. He has more than four years of teaching experience and has published numerous research papers in international journals and conferences. He has also served as a reviewer for a number of technical journals and conferences.</p> <p><b> Dharmendra Kumar Jhariya,</b> PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication, National Institute of Technology Delhi, India. He earned his doctorate from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. He has more than five years of teaching experience and has published numerous research papers in international scientific journals and conferences.</p> <p><b> Manoj Gupta,</b> PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, JECRC University, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India. He has over fifteen years of teaching experience and has published many research papers in scientific journals and conferences. He has contributed numerous book chapters to edited volumes and has four patents to his credit. He is the Editor in Chief of the book series “Advances in Antenna, Microwave and Communication Engineering,” from Scrivener Publishing, and he is editor in chief of a book series by another publisher. He is an editor, associate editor, and reviewer for many international technical journals and has received numerous awards.</p> <p><b> Er. Krishna Kumar</b> is a research and development engineer at UJVN Limited and is pursuing his PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. He has more than eleven years of experience in this field and has published numerous research papers in international journals and conferences from well-respected publishers.</p> <p><b> Pradeep Kumar,</b> PhD, has over fourteen years of teaching experience and is working with the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. He is the co-editor in chief of the book series “Advances in Antenna, Microwave, and Communication Engineering,” from Scrivener Publishing and has received numerous awards and fellowships. He is also the author of more than 90 research papers published in various peer-reviewed scientific journals and conferences and a reviewer for many journals and conferences.</p>

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