Details

Native American History For Dummies

1. Aufl.

von: Dorothy Lippert, Stephen J. Spignesi
13,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley
Format:	EPUB
Veröffentl.:	09.02.2011
ISBN/EAN:	9781118051696
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	384

In den Warenkorb

Als Gutschein

DRM-geschütztes eBook, Sie benötigen z.B. Adobe Digital Editions und eine Adobe ID zum Lesen.

Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

Call them Native Americans, American Indians, indigenous peoples, or first nations — a vast and diverse array of nations, tribes, and cultures populated every corner of North America long before Columbus arrived. Native American History For Dummies reveals what is known about their pre-Columbian history and shows how their presence, customs, and beliefs influenced everything that was to follow. This straightforward guide breaks down their ten-thousand-plus year history and explores their influence on European settlement of the continent. You'll gain fresh insight into the major tribal nations, their cultures and traditions, warfare and famous battles; and the lives of such icons as Pocahontas, Sitting Bull and Sacagawea. You'll discover: <ul> <li>How and when the Native American's ancestors reached the continent</li> <li>How tribes formed and where they migrated</li> <li>What North America was like before 1492</li> <li>How Native peoples maximized their environment</li> <li>Pre-Columbian farmers, fishermen, hunters, and traders</li> <li>The impact of Spain and France on the New World</li> <li>Great Warriors from Tecumseh to Geronimo</li> <li>How Native American cultures differed across the continent</li> <li>Native American religions and religious practices</li> <li>The stunning impact of disease on American Indian populations</li> <li>Modern movements to reclaim Native identity</li> <li>Great museums, books, and films about Native Americans</li> </ul> Packed with fascinating facts about functional and ceremonial clothing, homes and shelters, boatbuilding, hunting, agriculture, mythology, intertribal relations, and more, Native American History For Dummies provides a dazzling and informative introduction to North America's first inhabitants.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction 1 About This Book 2 Conventions Used in This Book 2 What You’re Not to Read 2 Foolish Assumptions 3 How This Book Is Organized 3 Part I: America Before It Was “America” 3 Part II: Interacting with Others 4 Part III: Working for a Living 4 Part IV: All in the (Native American) Family 4 Part V: In a Modern World Not of Their Making 4 Part VI: The Part of Tens 4 Icons Used in This Book 5 Where to Go from Here 5 Part I: America Before It Was “America” 7 Chapter 1: The Rich, Troubled Past of the American Indian 9 The Price of Greatness 9 In the Beginning 10 The theories 10 The stages and waves 11 And don’t forget the K-Man 11 The Tribes of Then and Now 12 Unexpected Visitors 13 A Plethora of Persistent Personalities 13 War Stories 14 Dysfunction Junction 15 The seven ways 16 Stepping up 16 Daily Life 17 Home Is Where the Hearth Is 17 Prey tell 18 All aboard 18 Family First 19 A woman’s work 19 The kids are alright 19 Language Lab 20 Language groups 20 More than words 20 Words as weapons 20 Pray Tell 21 Animal spirits 21 Water 22 Rituals 22 Christian Indians 23 The Indian Population Decline and Hope for the Future 23 Native American Identity Today 24 Don’t all tribes own casinos? 24 Problems and solutions 25 A Bright Future 26 Chapter 2: The Great Migrations 27 How’d Everyone Get Here Anyway? 27 Crossing a bridge to somewhere: Beringia 28 Arriving by water 29 Other theories 30 The Three Immigration Waves 32 Clovis, Folsom, and Plano 32 Na-Dene 34 The Inuits and Aleuts 34 The Stages of the Earliest Americans 35 The Paleoindian period 35 The Archaic period 36 The Post-Archaic period 37 The Woodlands 37 The Pueblos 38 Chapter 3: The Development of the Ancient Cultures 41 Clovis, Folsom, and Plano (11,500 B.C.) 41 Clovis 42 Folsom 43 Plano 44 Adena and Hopewell (1000 B.C.–A.D 1000) 44 Adena 45 Hopewell 45 Hohokom and Mogollon (A.D 200–1450) 46 Hohokam 46 The Mogollon 51 The Ancestral Puebloans: The people formerly known as Anasazi 53 Chapter 4: Hardly a Vast Wasteland: America before 1492 57 Taking Advantage of Vast Resources 58 Altering the lay of the land 58 Changing course — the river’s course 59 Going after game 59 Valuing vegetation 60 Cultural Diversity That Was Hardly Primitive 61 Native medical wonders 62 Watching the skies 62 We, the people 62 Debunking Pre-Columbian Stereotypes 63 Playing with numbers 63 Dumpster diving for truth 64 Culture clash 64 Chapter 5: Settling Down: Tribal Settlements after the Great Migrations 67 The Major Culture Areas 67 The Arctic and the Subarctic 68 Location, location, location 69 Braving the brrrrr! 69 Catching up on their culture 69 Hunting wildlife 70 Some Arctic and Subarctic tribes 70 The Eastern Woodlands 71 Getting the lay of the land 71 Understanding what life was like 72 Some Eastern Woodlands tribes 73 The Southeast 74 The area 74 Farming, fishing, and hunting 75 Life, leaders, and language 75 Some Southeast tribes 77 The Plains 77 Taking a peek at the Plains 77 Living life in the Plains 78 Some Plains tribes 79 The Southwest 80 The land and its location 80 Surviving the desert 81 Some Southwest tribes 81 The Great Basin and Plateau 83 Taking a look at the terrain 83 Fishing and foraging plus 83 Some Great Basin and Plateau tribes 84 The Pacific Northwest 85 Home sweet (and rainy) home 85 Sustaining life in the Pacific Northwest 86 California 87 California and its climate 87 Nice, but not 90210 88 Some California tribes 89 Chapter 6: The Five Civilized Tribes 91 What’s in a Name — a Tribal Name 92 Choctaw: The First Code Talkers 92 How they lived 93 European contact and loss of lands 93 The “other” code talkers 95 Cherokees and the Trail of Tears 95 Clans 95 How they lived 96 Medicine persons 97 Lucky number seven 97 Encountering Europeans 97 Surviving against all odds 99 Chickasaw: They Were Called Warriors 100 The upright stick 100 At the hands of a friend 101 Family feuds 101 On the wrong side 102 Creek 102 The center of the circle 103 Red Sticks, White Sticks 104 Forced out 104 Seminole: The Unconquered People 104 Problems aplenty 105 The Second Seminole War 105 The Third Seminole War 106 Chapter 7: A Tally of Important Tribes 107 Navajo: “The People” 107 Navajo life 108 War and peace 108 The Long Walk 109 Lakotas, Nakotas, and Santee 110 The buffalo 111 The Sioux Wars 113 Wounded Knee 114 Chippewa: We are Anishinabe 114 Pueblo: The First Apartment Buildings 115 Apache: Uncertain Origins 116 The Jicarilla 117 Red Clan, White Clan 117 Politics 118 War 118 Iroquois: Call Us Haudenosaunee 119 The Iroquois way of life 120 Inspiring the founders 120 Choosing sides 121 Alaska: The Tlingit 122 Two moities 122 Dinner’s served 123 The Russians 124 The Brotherhood 124 Part II: Interacting with Others 125 Chapter 8: “Columbus Sailed the Ocean Blue” 127 Sifting through Fact and Fiction 127 Columbus’s First Voyage (1492–1493) 129 Wiping Out the Welcoming Arawaks 130 “We could subjugate them all” 131 The Requiremento and other bull(s) 131 Columbus’s Three Other Voyages 133 Voyage two: The first slave roundup (1493–1496) 133 Voyage three: Mutiny and insurgency (1498–1500) 134 Voyage four: Stranded on Jamaica (1502–1504) 134 The Impact of Christopher Columbus 134 Chapter 9: The Spanish and French Stake Their Claims 137 John Cabot: England’s First Steps in the New World 137 Amerigo Vespucci: America’s Namesake 139 Pónce de León: Conquering the Tainos 140 The good people 140 Enslaving Puerto Rico 140 The search for the Fountain of Youth? 141 Seeking slaves? 142 Hernándo Cortés: Conquering the Aztecs 142 A tussle in Tabasco 143 All fired up 143 In the halls of Montezuma 143 Blood bath 144 Jacques Cartier: Discovering Canada and the Great Lakes 145 Not so fast 146 Meeting the Iroquois 146 Rumors of gold = a ticket home 147 The second and third voyages 147 Hernando De Soto: Creating Hostile Relations with Southeastern Natives 148 Two views of De Soto 149 “North America belongs to Spain” 149 Pearl plunder 150 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado: Exploring the Southwest 151 Seven golden cities? 151 Hello — we’re in charge 152 Fighting for food 152 A-quiver over Quivira 153 Marquette, Jolliet, and La Salle: Charting the Mississippi 153 Marquette and Jolliet 154 La Salle — Claiming the Mississippi 156 Leaving the Native People Reeling 157 Playing one against the other 158 Making them sick 158 Chapter 10: Native American Chiefs and Notable Women 159 Men of the 16th and 17th Centuries 159 Powhatan (Powhatan, c 1547–c 1618) 160 Squanto (Pawtuxet, c 1580s–1622) 161 Men of the 18th Century 162 Pontiac (Ottawa, c 1712/1725–1769) 163 Tecumseh (Shawnee, c 1768–1813) 164 Chief Seattle (Suquamish, c 1786–1866) 165 The 19th Century 166 Cochise (Chiricahua Apache, c 1812–1874) 166 Geronimo (Chiricahua Apache, 1829–1909) 167 Sitting Bull (Sioux, Lakota, c 1831–1890) 168 Crazy Horse (Sioux, Oglala Lakota, c 1840–1877) 170 Chief Joseph (Nez Perce, 1840–1904) 171 Notable Indian Women: Not Stay-At-Wigwam Ladies 173 Pocahontas (Powhatan, c 1595–1618) 173 Sacagawea (Shoshone, 1787–1812) 175 Wilma Mankiller, Cherokee leader (1945–) 176 Ada Deer (Menominee, 1935–) 177 Chapter 11: Battle Cries and Peace Pipes 179 Weapons of Choice 180 War Parties Weren’t No Parties 183 The Colonial Era from 1621–1775 184 What happened at the first Thanksgiving? 185 King Philip’s War (1675–1676) 186 The French and Indian War (1754–1763) 187 Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763) 188 The American Revolution (1775–1783) 188 The Indian View of the American Revolution 189 The Louisiana Purchase 190 Westward Ho 191 Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery 191 The War of 1812 193 Native Americans in the Civil War (1861–1865) 194 The Indian Wars 195 The Sand Creek Massacre (1864) 196 The Black Hills War (1876–1877) 197 Wounded Knee (1890) 199 Native Americans in America’s 20th-Century Wars 200 Chapter 12: Delving into the Details of U.S.-Indian Relations 203 Tribal Sovereignty 204 Treaties (1608–1830) 205 Such a deal? 205 The Treaty with the Delaware Indians (1778) 206 The Treaty of New Echota (1835) 206 Removal (1830–1850) 207 Reservations (1850–1871) 208 Assimilation (1871–1928) 208 Reorganization (1928–1942) 210 Termination (1943–1968) 211 Self-Determination (1961–present) 212 Major Recent Acts of Congress Concerning Indians 213 The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (1975) 213 The Indian Health Care Improvement Act (1978) 213 The American Indian Religious Freedom Act (1978) 213 The Indian Child Welfare Act (1978) 214 The Native American Graves and Repatriation Act (1990) 214 Part III: Working for a Living 215 Chapter 13: Mother Love 217 A Mother Feeds Her Children 217 Food on Four Legs 218 Hunting for survival 218 Hunting practices today 219 Making Good Use of Rich and Fertile Land 221 The first crops 221 Native American farming today 222 Seeking Seafood 223 Fish weirs 223 Other fishing methods 223 Skins: The Lucrative Fur Trade 225 The three periods of the North American fur trade 225 The impact of the fur trade on the Indians 226 Chapter 14: Dressing for Purpose and Pride 229 Native Garb 229 Loincloths 230 Deerskin shirts 230 Deerskin leggings 230 Ceremonial Garb 231 Plains war shirts 232 Paint 232 Masks 232 Native American Accessories 233 Wampum belts 233 Feathers 235 Beads 236 Footwear 236 Headdresses 238 Traditional Dress Today 239 Dressing for a powwow 239 Fashion looks to the past 240 Chapter 15: Home, Native Home 243 Wooden Homes 243 Plankhouses 244 Longhouses 244 Hogans 245 Chickees 246 Tipis 246 Other Indian Dwellings 248 Wigwams and wickiups 248 Igloos 249 Earth lodges 250 The Earliest Apartment Buildings 250 Native American Housing Today 251 The Mohawk Steelworkers 252 Chapter 16: Tools and Transportation 253 Hunting and Trapping 253 Bow and arrow 253 Traps 254 Carrying the Load 256 Baskets 257 Bowls 258 Other containers 259 Travel Plans 260 Dugout canoe 260 Bark canoe 260 Kayak and umiak 261 Bull boat 262 Snowshoes 262 Plank canoe 263 Travois 264 Sled 265 Toboggan 265 Part IV: All in the (Native American) Family 267 Chapter 17: Tribes, Clans, and Bands 269 Coming to Terms in Indian Society 270 Men Ruled the Roost? Hardly 272 The Role of Women 272 A world of differences 273 Workin’ for a living 273 Homemakers 274 Craftspeople 274 Farmers 275 Children 275 Child’s play 275 Rituals and trials 276 Chapter 18: Native Languages 279 An Impossible Question? 279 The Slow Extinction of Native Languages 280 The “English only” movement 281 Can the damage be repaired? 282 Sign Language 282 Little Written Down? 283 Language As (the White Man’s) Weapon 284 Language As (the Native American) Weapon 285 Chapter 19: The Faith of Their Fathers And How Native Americans Worship Today 287 In the Beginning Native Peoples’ Creation Myths 287 The Elements and the Deities 288 Tools of the Spiritual Trade 290 Peyote 291 Musical instruments 291 Foods 293 Stone and wood fetishes 293 The Totem Pole 293 The giant trees used 294 What totem poles mean 294 Christian Indians? Not a Contradiction! 295 Civilizing “savages” through Christ 296 Native American Christians today 296 Part V: In a Modern World Not of Their Making 297 Chapter 20: The Slow Dwindling of Native Americans 299 Too Much to Defend Against 300 Defenseless Against Dastardly Diseases 300 Medical mayhem 301 The first epidemics 303 Smallpox during the American Revolution 304 Fighting 305 Starvation 305 Extermination 305 Today’s Challenges 307 Chapter 21: What’s a Tribe, Who’s an Indian, and What’s the BIA Got to Do With It 309 The Evolution of Indian Agencies 309 The 1775 Continental Congress addresses the Indian issue 310 John C Calhoun’s bold move 310 What the BIA does 311 What It Takes to Be a Tribe 312 What it takes to be officially designated an Indian 313 Blood quantum quandaries 314 The anti-BQ brigade 315 When the BIA says no 316 Chapter 22: Native Americans: Today and Tomorrow 317 An Indian By Any Other Name 317 Repatriation: Resting in Peace 319 Native American Stats 321 Income 321 Education 322 Occupations 322 Alcoholism and the Native American 323 Mineral Wealth and Offshore Banking: Native American Economic Bright Spots 324 The banking Blackfeet 324 Money from mineral rights 325 The Top Ten Tribes Today 327 Cherokee 327 Navajo 328 Sioux 328 Chippewa/Anishinabe 328 Choctaw 328 Pueblo 329 Apache 329 Lumbee 329 Iroquois 329 Creek 329 How Native Americans Ended Up in the Casino Business 330 The Seminoles were first 331 The 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act 331 Sharing the wealth? 332 Part VI: The Part of Tens 333 Chapter 23: Ten Native American Museums and Cultural Centers 335 The National Museum of the American Indian (Smithsonian Institution; Washington, D.C., New York, Maryland) 335 The Indian Museum of North America (South Dakota) 336 The Museum of Indian Culture (Pennsylvania) 336 The Plains Indian Museum (Wyoming) 336 The Indian Pueblo Cultural Center (New Mexico) 336 The Anasazi Heritage Center (Colorado) 337 The Museum of the Cherokee Indian (North Carolina) 337 The Iroquois Indian Museum (New York) 337 The Mid-America All-Indian Center (Kansas) 338 The Wounded Knee Museum (South Dakota) 338 Also Worth Noting 338 Chapter 24: Ten (Plus) Worthy Movies and Documentaries about Native Americans and Their History 339 Little Big Man (1970) 339 Powwow Highway (1989) 340 Dances with Wolves (1990) 340 The Last of the Mohicans (1992) 341 Christmas in the Clouds (2001) 341 Atanarjuat (2001) 342 The Native Americans (Documentary, 1994) 342 500 Nations (Documentary, 1995) 343 Lewis & Clark: The Journey of the Corps of Discovery (Documentary, 1997) 344 Smoke Signals (1998) 344 Skins (2002) 345 Images of Indians: How Hollywood Stereotyped the Native American (Documentary, 2003) 345 The Journals of Knud Rasmussen (2006) 346 Index 347

Autorenportrait

Dorothy Lippert, PhD, a member of the Choctaw nation, is a lecturer on Native American topics and a contributor to American Indian Quarterly.Stephen J. Spignesi is the coauthor of George Washington's Leadership Lessons.

Back cover copy

Get an authentic perspective on Native peoples past, present and future Understand key historical events as they actually happened Want to know more about America's indigenous peoples? This straightforward guide breaks down their thousand-year-plus history and explains their influence on European settlement of the continent. Gain fresh insight into the major tribal nations; their customs and traditions; warfare and famous battles; and the lives of such icons as Pocahontas, Sitting Bull, and Sacagawea. Discover… <ul> <li>How tribes formed and where they migrated</li> <li>The impact of Spain and France on the New World</li> <li>The lives of influential Indian men and women</li> <li>How Native peoples maximized their environment</li> <li>The meanings of their beliefs, symbols, and rituals</li> </ul>