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Modern Spain

1808 to the Present
A New History of Modern Europe 1. Aufl.

von: Pamela Beth Radcliff
21,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley-Blackwell
Format:	PDF
Veröffentl.:	07.03.2017
ISBN/EAN:	9781119369936
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	384

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Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

Modern Spain: 1808 to the Present is a comprehensive overview of Spanish history from the Napoleonic era to the present day. <ul> <li>Places a large emphasis on Spain's place within broader European and global history</li> <li>The chronological political narrative is enriched by separate chapters on long term economic, social and cultural developments</li> <li>This presentation of modern Spanish history incorporates the latest thinking on key issues of modernity, social movements, nationalism, democratization and democracy</li> </ul>

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Maps xi Preface xii Acknowledgments xvi Abbreviations and Glossary of Foreign Terms xviii Political Chronology of Spanish History, 1808–2016 xxii Part I: 1808–1868: The Era of the Liberal Revolution 1 1 Spain in the “Age of Revolutions” 3 Spain in Europe and the World, 1780s–1820 4 A Snapshot of the Economy: Gradual Growth 7 Uneven Regional Development: Center/Periphery Divide 10 The Mediterranean Regional Network 10 The North Atlantic Regional Network 11 Regional Networks of the Center 12 Demography: A Growth Pattern 14 Characteristics of the Population: Occupation and Social Structure 15 Culture and Community 18 Political Crisis, 1808–1814 20 Dynastic Crisis 20 War and Resistance 21 The Cortes of Cádiz and the Constitution of 1812 22 A Spanish “Constitutional Culture” 23 The End of the Revolutionary Era 25 Conclusion 26 2 Political Transformation: From the Old Regime to the Liberal State, 1814–1868 28 Introduction: The Liberal Revolution in Comparative Context 28 The Major Players 31 Moderate and Progressive Parties 31 The Military and Pronunciamientos 32 The Crown 32 Popular/Local Mobilization 33 Counter?]revolution: Carlists 33 The Catholic Church 34 Chronology: From the Restoration of Absolutism to the Construction and Crisis of the Liberal State, 1814–1868 35 1814–1833: The Restoration and Demise of the Absolutist State 35 Restoration of Absolutism, 1814–1820 35 The Liberal “Trienio,” 1820–23 36 Return to Absolutism, 1823–34 38 1833–1845: The Construction of the Liberal State 39 The Carlist War 39 Moderate and Progressive Constitutions and Platforms 40 The Parameters of a Liberal Political, Juridical and Administrative Order, 1833–45 42 1845–1868: The Liberal State: From Consolidation to Crisis 44 Conclusion: Achievements and Limits of the Liberal Political Transformation 45 Part II: 1868–1923: The Emergence of Mass Politics 49 3 Politics on the Margins of the Liberal State: From 1848 to the “Sexenio” (1868–1874) 51 Introduction: Mid?]Nineteenth?]century Popular Politics in Comparative Perspective 51 The Major Players 54 Carlists 54 Cuban Separatists 55 Democrats and Republicans 56 The Labor Movement and the First International 58 The First Democracy: The Sexenio, 1868–1874 60 The September 1868 Revolution 60 The Democratic Monarchy (June 1869–February 1873) 61 The Republic (February 12, 1873–January 4, 1874) 63 Conclusion 65 4 A New Era of Liberal Politics: The Second Restoration, 1875–1898 67 The Restoration in Comparative Context: State, Nation, Empire and Democracy 68 The Multiple Faces of the Restoration Regime 71 Constructing a New Constitutional Regime: Antonio Cánovas del Castillo and the turno pacífico 71 The Dark Side of the Turno: Electoral Fraud and Caciquismo 74 Evaluating the Constraints and Opportunities of Restoration Politics 75 Constraints on Political Liberties Imposed by the State 75 Political Constraints and Opportunities: The View “From Below” 77 The “Disaster” of 1898: The Start of a New Era? 80 5 Restoration Politics: From Fin de Siècle to Postwar Crisis, 1898–1923 83 Introduction: Early Twentieth?]Century Spanish Politics in Comparative Context 83 1898–1914: Efforts to Reform the Regime “From Above” 85 The Conservative Party and Antonio Maura 86 The Liberal Party and José Canalejas 87 1914–23: From Elite Reform to Mass Mobilization: Alternative Political Projects 90 The First World War in Spain 90 From the Turno to Fragmentation of the Liberal and Conservative Parties, 1913–23 91 Movements on the Right 92 Catholic Mobilization 92 Basque Nationalism (PNV/CNV) 93 Mauristas/Spanish Nationalism 94 Movements on the Left 95 Socialists (PSOE/UGT) 95 Anarcho?]syndicalists (CNT) 96 Movements of the Center 97 Republicanism 97 Catalanism/LLiga 98 Turning Points in the Crisis of the Restoration, 1917–23 99 The Democratic Assembly Movement, 1917 100 The La Canadiense Strike, 1919 101 A Last Effort at Reform “From Above,” 1920–23? 102 Conclusion 103 Part III: The Long View: Social, Economic and Cultural Change, 1830–1930 105 6 Economic and Demographic Evolution: 1830–1930 107 Spain in the World Economy, 1830–1930 108 General Economic and Population Trends: Gradual Growth and Structural Evolution 110 The Agricultural Sector 113 The Industrial Sector 115 Uneven Regional Development: Center/Periphery Divide 118 Conclusion: Missed Opportunities or Inherent Constraints? 120 7 Culture and Society, 1830–1930 122 Introduction: Social and Cultural Evolution in Comparative Perspective 122 The Social Order: Evolution and Diversity 124 A Hybrid Elite 125 The Urban Middle Classes 126 The Popular Classes or “el pueblo” 127 Rural Society 128 Sociability and Identity: A Diverse and Evolving Cultural Landscape 129 A New Urban Culture: Encoding Social Hierarchy in the Public Sphere 130 On the Margins of Middle Class Culture: The Avant?]Garde and the Modern Woman 133 Urban Popular Sociability and Mass Culture 134 The Catholic Church, Religion and Rural Society 136 Local, Regional and National Cultures and Identities 139 Conclusion 142 Part IV: Dictatorship and Democracy, 1923–Present 143 8 The First Dictatorship: The Primo de Rivera Regime, 1923–1930 145 Introduction: The Primo Regime in Comparative Perspective 145 From Coup to “Temporary” Dictatorship, 1923–1925 148 Elements of a New Kind of Dictatorship: The Civil Directory, 1925–1929 149 Labor Relations 150 Nationalization Campaigns 151 Authoritarian Development 153 End of the Dictatorship, 1929–1930 154 Political Transition to a Republic, 1930–1931 155 Conclusion 156 9 The Second Republic: 1931–1936 158 The Second Republic in Comparative Perspective 159 Periodization: The Shifting Majority Coalitions of the Second Republic 161 The First Biennium (1931–1933): Pursuing a Center/Left Majority Coalition 164 What Went Wrong with the First Biennium? 167 Mobilizing against the Coalition 167 A Disintegrating Majority Coalition 169 The Second Biennium, 1933–1935: Pursuing a Center/Right Majority Coalition 173 What Went Wrong with the Second Biennium? 175 Mobilizing against the Coalition 176 An Unconsolidated Majority Coalition 178 The Popular Front, February–July 1936 180 What Went Wrong with the Popular Front? 181 Conclusion 182 10 The Civil War: 1936–1939 184 The Civil War in Comparative Perspective 185 From Military Coup to Civil War: The Summer of 1936 187 The Rebel Forces in the Summer of 1936 188 Ideology and Violence in Rebel Territory 190 The Loyalist Forces during the Summer of 1936 191 Revolution in Republican Territory 191 Violence in Republican Territory 194 Organizing for the Long War: The Republicans 195 Foreign Aid 196 Reconstructing a Republican State 198 Organizing for the Long War: The Nationalists 201 Constructing a “New State” 201 Foreign Aid 203 The Military Stages of the War 204 Conclusion 207 11 The Second Dictatorship: The Franco Regime, 1939–1976 209 The Franco Regime in Comparative Perspective 210 Periodization: The Stages of the Franco Dictatorship 212 Phase One, 1936–1945: Militarization, Fascist Influence and Extreme Repression 214 Phase II, 1945–1957: National Catholicism, Monarchist Restoration and International Integration 218 Phase III, 1957–1969: Authoritarian Development and Institutionalization 221 Phase IV, 1969–1975: Collapse of the Coalition and Death of the Dictator 227 Conclusion 229 12 Economic, Social and Cultural Transformation, 1930s–1970s 230 Economy, Society and Culture in Comparative Perspective 230 Economic and Demographic Trends 232 The “Years of Hunger”: Deprivation, Disease and Death in the 1940s 232 From Economic Stagnation to Rapid Growth: 1950s–1970s 234 Structural shift from Agriculture to Industry and Service Sectors 235 Consumption and Population Trends 236 Uneven Benefits 237 Social and Cultural Trends 238 Society and Culture in the Years of Hunger 239 Rupture and Restitution for Winners and Losers 239 Family and Gender 240 The Church, Religion and Education 241 The Public Sphere: Associations and Sociability 242 Social and Cultural Evolution in the Growth Years: 1960s–1970s 244 Migration and Social Mobility 244 Diversification of the Public Sphere 245 The Decline of “Tradition”: Youth, Gender and Religion 247 Conclusion 248 13 The Last Democratic Transition: 1976–1982 250 The Transition to Democracy in Comparative Perspective 251 Origins of the Transition: Favorable Factors vs. the 1930s 252 Economic Development 252 Geographic Location: Western Europe 252 Civil Society Mobilization 253 Francoist Elites: Reformers and the Bunker 254 The Institutional Transition: July 1976–December 1978 254 Elite Actors and the “Push from Below,” 1976–77 255 The June 1977 Elections and Building Consensus Through “Pacts” 257 The Constitution of 1978 259 The Basque Exception 261 From Transition to Consolidation, 1978–1982 261 Autonomous Governments 262 Local Governments 262 Leadership Crisis and Attempted Coup, 1981 263 The 1982 Election 264 Conclusion 265 14 Democratic State and Social Transformation, 1982–2016 266 The Democratic Era in Comparative Perspective 266 Democratic government under PSOE leadership: 1982–1996 270 Institutionalization and European Integration 270 Neo?]Liberalism and Social Welfare 272 The End of the PSOE Era 273 From Consolidation to Crispación: PP and PSOE alternation from 1996 to 2011 274 Political Polarization 275 State/Regional Polarization 277 Democratic Society 277 2008–2016: Crisis and Uncertainty 278 Conclusion 280 Notes 282 Works Cited 314 Index 336

Autorenportrait

Pamela Beth Radcliff is Professor of History at the University of California, San Diego. She is the author of From Mobilization to Civil War: The Politics of Polarization in the Spanish City of Gijon, 1900-1937 (1996), Making Democratic Citizens in Spain: Civil Society and the Popular Origins of the Transition, 1960-1978 (2011)and co-editor of Constructing Spanish Womanhood: Female Identity in Modern Spain (1999).

Back cover copy

Modern Spain: 1808 to the Present is a comprehensive overview of Spanish history from the Napoleonic era to the present day. From the war of independence and civil war to dictatorship and democracy, this book covers all the major historic events that shaped Spain’s evolution in the modern era over the past two centuries. Incorporating the most up-to-date historical research, author Pamela Radcliff weaves a fascinating and in-depth narrative of Spanish political, economic, cultural and social history into the broader fabric of European and global history. Readers will start their journey in the era of the liberal revolution of the early 19th century and Spain’s transformation from an absolutist to a liberal regime. From the mid-19th century, the struggles over expanding the parameters of elite liberalism are explored through various popular movements of the right and left, culminating during the democratic “Sexenio” (1868-74). The journey continues through the 20th century, where alternating periods of dictatorship and democracy, punctuated by the Civil War of the 1930s, culminate in the transition of the 1970s to the current democratic regime. The book ends with an evaluation of the achievements and limits of the almost four decades of democracy since 1978. Illuminating and grounded in the latest scholarship, which can be accessed in the extensive endnotes, Modern Spain: 1808 to the Present covers the full spectrum of politics, war, and social conflict that shaped and transformed Spain from the Napoleonic era into the first decades of the 21st century.