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<p>Preface<br /> <i>Joseph D. Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V. Khanzanov</i> vii</p> <p>Introduction<br /> <i>Joseph D. Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V. Khanzanov</i> 1</p> <p><b>Section I: Physical Processes</b></p> <p>Ionosphere-Thermosphere Physics: Current Status and Problems<br /> <i>R. W. Schunk</i> 3</p> <p>Physical Characteristics and Modeling of Earth's Thermosphere<br /> <i>Tim Fuller-Rowell</i> 13</p> <p>Solar Cycle Changes in the Photochemistry of the Ionosphere and Thermosphere<br /> <i>P. G. Richards</i> 29</p> <p>Energetics and Composition in the Thermosphere<br /> <i>A. G. Burns, W. Wang, S. C. Solomon, and L. Qian</i> 39</p> <p><b>Section II: Numerical Methods</b></p> <p>Numerical Methods in Modeling the Ionosphere<br /> <i>J. D. Huba and G. Joyce</i> 49</p> <p>Ionospheric Electrodynamics Modeling<br /> <i>A. D. Richmond and A. Maute</i> 57</p> <p><b>Section III: IT Models</b></p> <p>The NCAR TIE-GCM: A Community Model of the Coupled Thermosphere/Ionosphere System<br /> <i>Liying Qian, Alan G. Burns, Barbara A. Emery, Benjamin Foster, Gang Lu, Astrid Maute, Arthur D. Richmond, Raymond G. Roble, Stanley C. Solomon, and Wenbin Wang</i> 73</p> <p>The Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model and the Nonhydrostatics Processes<br /> <i>Yue Deng and Aaron J. Ridley</i> 85</p> <p>Traveling Atmospheric Disturbance and Gravity Wave Coupling in the Thermosphere<br /> <i>L. C. Gardner and R. W. Schunk</i> 101</p> <p>Air Force Low-Latitude Ionospheric Model in Support of the C/NOFS Mission<br /> <i>Yi-Jiun Su, John M. Retterer, Ronald G. Caton, Russell A. Stoneback, Robert F. Pfaff, Patrick A. Roddy, and Keith M. Groves</i> 107</p> <p>Long-Term Simulations of the Ionosphere Using SAMI3<br /> <i>S. E. Mcdonald, J. L. Lean, J. D. Huba, G. Joyce, J. T. Emmert, and D. P. Drob</i> 119</p> <p><b>Section IV: Validation of IT Models</b></p> <p>Comparative Studies of Theoretical Models in the Equatorial Ionosphere<br /> <i>Tzu-Wei Fang, David Anderson, Tim Fuller-Rowell, Rashid Akmaev, Mihail Codrescu, George Millward, Jan Sojka, Ludger Scherliess, Vince Eccles, John Retterer, Joe Huba, Glenn Joyce, Art Richmond, Astrid Maute, Geoff Crowley, Aaron Ridley, and Geeta Vichare</i> 133</p> <p>Systematic Evaluation of Ionosphere/Thermosphere (IT) Models: CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge (2009–2010)<br /> <i>J. S. Shim, M. Kuznetsova, L. Rastätter, D. Bilitza, M. Butala, M. Codrescu, B. A. Emery, B. Foster, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, J. Huba, A. J. Mannucci, X. Pi, A. Ridley, L. Scherliess, R. W. Schunk, J. J. Sojka, P. Stephens, D. C. Thompson, D. Weimer, L. Zhu, D. Anderson, J. L. Chau, and E. Sutton</i> 145</p> <p><b>Section V: IT Coupling: Above and Below</b></p> <p>Aspect of Coupling Processes in the Ionosphere and Thermosphere<br /> <i>R. A. Heelis</i> 161</p> <p>Use of NOGAPS-ALPHA as a Bottom Boundary for the NCAR/TIEGCM<br /> <i>David E. Siskind and Douglas P. Drob</i> 171</p> <p>WACCM-X Simulation of Tidal and Planetary Wave Variability in the Upper Atmosphere<br /> <i>H.-L. Liu</i> 181</p> <p>Inductive-Dynamic Coupling of the Ionosphere With the Thermosphere and the Magnetosphere<br /> <i>P. Song and V. M. Vasyliunas</i> 201</p> <p><b>Section VI: Equatorial Ionospheric Processes</b></p> <p>Ionospheric Irregularities: Frontiers<br /> <i>D. L. Hysell, H. C. Aveiro, and J. L. Chau</i> 217</p> <p>Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Equatorial Spread F: Results and Diagnostics in the Peruvian Sector<br /> <i>H. C. Aveiro and D. L. Hysell</i> 241</p> <p>Density and Temperature Structure of Equatorial Spread F Plumes<br /> <i>J. Krall and J. D. Huba</i> 251</p> <p>Low-Latitude Ionosphere and Thermosphere: Decadal Observations From the CHAMP Mission<br /> <i>Claudia Stolle and Huixin Liu</i> 259</p> <p><b>Section VII: Data Assimilation</b></p> <p>Upper Atmosphere Data Assimilation With an Ensemble Kalman Filter<br /> <i>Tomoko Matsuo</i> 273</p> <p>Scientific Investigation Using IDA4D and EMPIRE<br /> <i>G. S. Bust and S. Datta-Barua</i> 283</p> <p><b>Section VIII: Applications</b></p> <p>Customers and Requirements for Ionosphere Products and Services<br /> <i>Rodney Viereck, Joseph Kunches, Mihail Codrescu, and Robert Steenburgh</i> 299</p> <p>Model-Based Inversion of Auroral Processes<br /> <i>Joshua Semeter and Matthew Zettergren</i> 309</p> <p>AGU Category Index 323</p> <p>Index 325</p>

<strong>Joseph Huba</strong> is a Head Research Geophysicist of the Space Plasma Physics Division at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., USA. Huba's primary area of expertise is the stability of collisional and collisionless plasmas. In this regard he has performed a number of linear and nonlinear studies of a variety of kinetic and fluid plasma instabilities using both analytical and numerical techniques. Huba's research interests have included the study of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, the nonlinear theory of interchange instabilities, plasma opening switch dynamics, dynamics of the solar atmosphere, wave phenomena in the ionospheres of earth and Venus, and non-ideal MHD dynamics (i.e., Hall MHD). His current research interests are modeling of the earth's ionosphere and plasmasphere. Huba has over 150 research publications in these areas. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He is a member of the American Geophysical Union, the American Physical Society, and the International Union of Radio Science (URSI). Huba served as an associate editor for the <em>Journal of Geophysical Research</em> from 1983 to 1986. He was a member of the NSF CEDAR Science Steering Committee (2008-2010) and has served on a number of NSF and NASA panels.

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