Details

Introduction  1 <p>General taxonomy  2</p> <p>‘Crossoptgerygii’ and ‘Rhipidistia’ 2</p> <p>Osteolepiform subdivisions  3</p> <p>Terminology  4</p> <p>Cranial roof  4</p> <p>Endocranium  13</p> <p>Dermal bones in mouth roof  13</p> <p>Lower jaw  14</p> <p>Operculo-gular bones 15</p> <p>Upper Palaeozoic fossil locality in the Oslo Region  16</p> <p>Stratigraphy  16</p> <p>Descriptions  18</p> <p>Material, methods and repository  18</p> <p>Genus Askerichthys n gen  20</p> <p>Askerichthys heintzi n sp  20</p> <p>Genus Megalichthys Agassiz, 1835  62</p> <p>Megalichthys cf M hibberti Agassiz, 1835 62</p> <p>Megalichthys pygmaeus Tranquair, 1879  97</p> <p>Megalichthys syndentolaminaris n sp  99</p> <p>Genus Latvius Jarvik, 1948 100</p> <p>Latvius grewingki (Gross, 1933) 101</p> <p>Latvius deckerti Jensen, 1966 114</p> <p>Latvius sp Jensen, 1966 121</p> <p>Latvius cf L niger Jensen, 1973 128</p> <p>Genus Osteolepis Agassiz, 1835 130</p> <p>Osteolepis macrolepidotus Agassiz, 1835 131</p> <p>Genus Gyroptychius McCoy, 1848 131</p> <p>Gyroptychius milleri (Jarvik, 1948) 131</p> <p>Gyroptychius groenlandicus Jarvik, 1950a 141</p> <p>Morphologic comparisons and discussions 160</p> <p>Fronto-ethmoidal shield 160</p> <p>General shape 160</p> <p>Interpremaxilla 162</p> <p>Composition of naso-rostro-premaxillary complex 162</p> <p>Shape of upper mouth margin 165</p> <p>Anterior palatal (premaxillary and rostral) teeth and palatal processes 166</p> <p>Defi nitions and occurrences of morphotypes of anterior palatal teeth 166</p> <p>Tooth replacement and evolutionary relationship between the anterior palatal dental morphotypes 167</p> <p>Number of premaxillary teeth 169</p> <p>Systematic significance of anterior palatal teeth 170</p> <p>Anterior palatal processes 171</p> <p>Postrostrals 172</p> <p>Variation and trends in postrostral pattern 172</p> <p>Taxonomic significance of postrostral pattern 176</p> <p>Nasals 178</p> <p>Number of nasal bones 178</p> <p>Positions of the bones in the nasal series 178</p> <p>Circumnarial dermal bones and supraorbitals 180</p> <p>Variation in eusthenopterids 180</p> <p>Reconstructing the circumnarial pattern in Osteolepis macrolepidotus 186</p> <p>Reconstructing the pattern of supraorbitals in Osteolepis macrolepidotus 188</p> <p>Circumnarial and supraorbital pattern in other Devonian osteolepiforms 189</p> <p>Homologizations of circumnarial bones in Megalichthys hibberti, Ectosteorhachis, Askerichthys and Cladarosymblema 191</p> <p>Supraorbito-tectal series of panderichthyids 196</p> <p>Frontals and dermosphenotics 197</p> <p>Shape and composition of frontals 197</p> <p>Shape, positions and extension of dermosphenotic bones 199</p> <p>Fenestrae 199</p> <p>Position of nasal fenestra 199</p> <p>Shape of nasal fenestra 200</p> <p>Processus dermintermedius 201</p> <p>Tubercles in nasal fenestra 202</p> <p>Presence or absence of pineal openings 202</p> <p>Position of pineal foramen 203</p> <p>Shape of pineal openings 204</p> <p>Size of pineal fenestra and presence of pineal plates 204</p> <p>Sensory canals 204</p> <p>Pitlines 205</p> <p>Parietal shield 206</p> <p>Relative lengths of fronto-ethmoidal and parietal shields 206</p> <p>Shape of parietal shield 207</p> <p>Proportions 207</p> <p>Protruding posterior margin 209</p> <p>Position of spiracular incision 212</p> <p>Relative length of the spiracular incision 213</p> <p>Parietals 214</p> <p>Shape of parietals 214</p> <p>Parietal structures 214</p> <p>Intertemporals 215</p> <p>Shape of interpemporal 215</p> <p>Anterior intertemporal margin and process in post-Devonian taxa 216</p> <p>Anterior intertemporal processes in Devonian forms 222</p> <p>On the function of the intracranial joint 223</p> <p>Lateral shelf of intertemporal 223</p> <p>Ventral surface of intertemporal 224</p> <p>Supratemporals 228</p> <p>Shape 228</p> <p>Ventral surface and lateral margin 228</p> <p>Spiracular structures 231</p> <p>Extension of the spiracular opening 231</p> <p>Types of spiracular openings 232</p> <p>Possible muscle insertions around the spiraculum 233</p> <p>Extratemporal (= postspiraculars) 236</p> <p>Sensory canals 236</p> <p>Course of sensory canal 236</p> <p>Position of canal openings 237</p> <p>Pitlines 238</p> <p>Extrascapulars238</p> <p>Dermal palatal bones 239</p> <p>Vomers 239</p> <p>Review of taxa with known vomers 239</p> <p>Transverse tusk positions on anterior vomers 243</p> <p>Configuration of anterior vomers 244</p> <p>Extensions and proportions of the posterior vomer 245</p> <p>Dental lamina and teeth 245</p> <p>Intervomerine Canals 246</p> <p>Evolution of the vomers 247</p> <p>Parasphenoid 248</p> <p>Division of the parasphenoid 248</p> <p>Paraspenoid dental plate 248</p> <p>Buccohypophysial foramen 250</p> <p>Pars anterior of parasphenoid 250</p> <p>Parasphenoid shelves and processi ascendens 250</p> <p>Foramina on the shelf 253</p> <p>Acrochordal depressions, additional dermal bones and basicranial muscles 254</p> <p>Occurrence of acrochordal depressions 254</p> <p>Function of acrochordal depressions 255</p> <p>Endocranium 258</p> <p>Ethmosphenoid 258</p> <p>Proportions of ethmosphenoid 258</p> <p>Subethmoidal fossae 258</p> <p>Nasobasal canal and palatonasal canal 261</p> <p>Internal structures of nasal capsule 261</p> <p>Postnasal wall 263</p> <p>Orbitosphenoid wall of eusthenopterids 268</p> <p>Comparing orbitosphenoid region of Ectosteorhachis foordi with other cyclolepidoids than eusthenopterids 271</p> <p>Orbitosphenoid in Osteolepidoidei and other forms 273</p> <p>Systematic significance of orbitosphenoid structure 277</p> <p>Posterior end of orbitosphenoid 277</p> <p>Otico-occipital 278</p> <p>Cheek plate 280</p> <p>Maxilla 280</p> <p>Shape 280</p> <p>Ventral margin and tooth distribution on maxilla  282</p> <p>Postorbital and squamosal 283</p> <p>Lachrymal 285</p> <p>Jugal 285</p> <p>Shape 285</p> <p>Contact with the orbit 285</p> <p>Quadratojugal 287</p> <p>Lower jaw (= mandible) 287</p> <p>Shape 287</p> <p>Proportions 287</p> <p>Anterior notch 288</p> <p>Antero-dorsal bulb 288</p> <p>Dorsal margin 288</p> <p>Positions of dental margin and glenoid notch 290</p> <p>Retroarticular process 292</p> <p>External structures 292</p> <p>Dentary/Infradentary suture 292</p> <p>Inter-infradentary sutures 294</p> <p>Dorsal cosmine notch, cosmine corners and postero-dorsal bone margin 295</p> <p>Horizontal pitline 298</p> <p>Vertical pitline of infradentary 2 300</p> <p>Sensory canal 300</p> <p>Canal course 301</p> <p>Configuration of canals 301</p> <p>Dentary 302</p> <p>Dentary teeth 302</p> <p>Dentary shelf and dental fossa 307</p> <p>Coronoids 307</p> <p>Number of coronoid bones and tusks 307</p> <p>Replacement of coronoid tusks 312</p> <p>Relative size of coronoid tusks 313</p> <p>Relative positions of coronoid tusks 315</p> <p>Coronoid dental ridge 317</p> <p>Intercoronoid fossae 321</p> <p>Anterior mandibular fossa 322</p> <p>Prearticular 322</p> <p>Presence of a pars anterior of the prearticular 322</p> <p>Anteriad extension and configuration of pars anterior of the prearticular 323</p> <p>Course of the pars anterior of the prearticular 329</p> <p>Anterior extension of prearticular dental plate 330</p> <p>Shape of dental plate 331</p> <p>Prearticular dental plate configuration and teeth 332</p> <p>Postero-ventral depression 332</p> <p>Posterior part of prearticular 333</p> <p>Parasymphyseal dental plate and adsymphysial fossa 333</p> <p>Occurrence of Parasymphyseal dental plate 333</p> <p>Shape of Parasymphyseal dental plate 334</p> <p>Relations of Parasymphyseal dental plate to other bones 334</p> <p>Adsymphysial fossa 338</p> <p>Infradentaries 341</p> <p>Infradentary surfaces 341</p> <p>Posterior extension of infradentaries 341</p> <p>Meckelian bone 342</p> <p>Pars mentomandibularis 342</p> <p>Ventral exposures 342</p> <p>Pars articularis 342</p> <p>Foramina 343</p> <p>Sensory canal foramina 343</p> <p>Foramina for nerves and vessels 344</p> <p>Sensory canal pore patterns 350</p> <p>Distribution patterns of sensory pores 350</p> <p>Pore distribution as an age indicator 350</p> <p>Evolution of pore dispersion 353</p> <p>Taxonomic significance of pore number and distribution 355</p> <p>Size and types of sensory pits  357</p> <p>Operculo-gular complex 357</p> <p>Median gular 357</p> <p>Principal gulars 360</p> <p>Submandibulars 362</p> <p>Opercular and subopercular 365</p> <p>Shoulder girdle  367</p> <p>Scapulocoracoid 367</p> <p>Dermal shoulder girdle 368</p> <p>Fins  369</p> <p>Caudal fin 369</p> <p>Position of fins 370</p> <p>Scales, body proportions and vertebrae 370</p> <p>Scales 370</p> <p>Scale distribution 370</p> <p>Scale morphology 371</p> <p>Body proportions 371</p> <p>Vertebrae 371</p> <p>Phylogeny and taxonomy of osteolepiforms 372</p> <p>Taxonomic concepts and principles 372</p> <p>Characters 372</p> <p>Quantitative characters 372</p> <p>Primitive and derived characters, convergence, parallelism and homoplasy 372</p> <p>Sufficient, necessary, indicative,single and combined characters 375</p> <p>Diagnoses 376</p> <p>A phylogenetic model 377</p> <p>A systematic model 381</p> <p>Order Osteolepiformes Berg, 1937 381</p> <p>Suborder Osteolepidoidei Moy-Thomas & Miles, 1971 382</p> <p>Family Thursiidae n fam  383</p> <p>Genus Thursius Traquair, 1888  384</p> <p>Family Osteolepididae Cope, 1889 388</p> <p>Subfamily Glyptopominae Goodrich, 1909 389</p> <p>Genus Glyptopomus Agassiz, 1844 390</p> <p>Genus Megistolepis Obruchev, 1955 392</p> <p>Genus Shirolepis Vorobyeva, 1977a 393</p> <p>Genus Greiserolepis Vorobyeva, 1977a 394</p> <p>Subfamily Osteolepidinae n subfam 396</p> <p>Genus Osteolepis Agassiz, 1835 396</p> <p>Genus Latvius Jarvik, 1948 397</p> <p>Genus Gogonasus Long, 1985b 400</p> <p>Genus Geptolepis Vorobyeva & Lebedev, 1986a 403</p> <p>Genus Peregrina Vorobyeva & Lebedev, 1986b 404</p> <p>Family Megalichthyidae Hay, 1902 406</p> <p>Subfamily Ectosteorhachinae n subfam 412</p> <p>Genus Ectosteorhachis Cope, 1880 412</p> <p>Subfamily Megalichthyinae n subfam or Cope, 1940 415</p> <p>Genus Cladarosymblema Fox, Cambell, Barwick & Long, 1995 415</p> <p>Genus Megalichthys Agassiz, 1835 415</p> <p>Subfamily Askerichthyinae n subfam 419</p> <p>Genus Askerichthys n gen 419</p> <p>Suborder Cyclolepidoidei n suborder 420</p> <p>Superfamily Eopodoidea n superfam 420</p> <p>Family Gyroptychiidae Berg, 1958 Berg 1940 422</p> <p>Genus Gyroptychius McCoy, 1848 422</p> <p>Family Panderichthyidae Vorobyeva & Lyarskaya, 1968 429</p> <p>Subfamily Panderichthyinae n subfam 432</p> <p>Genus Panderichthys Gross, 1941 432</p> <p>Genus Livoniana Ahlberg, Lukševiès & Lebedev, 2000 435</p> <p>Subfamily Elpistosteginae n subfam 435</p> <p>Genus Elpistostege Westoll, 1938  436</p> <p>Genus Tiktaalik Daeschler, Shubin & Jenkins, 2006  436</p> <p>Family Chrysolepididae n fam 438</p> <p>Genus Chrysolepis Lebelev, 1983 438</p> <p>Family Eusthenopteridae Berg, 1955 440</p> <p>Genus Tristichopterus Egerton, 1861 445</p> <p>Genus Eusthenopteron Whiteaves, 1881 447</p> <p>Genus Eusthenodon Jarvik, 1952 448</p> <p>Genus Platycephalichthys Vorobyeva, 1959 449</p> <p>Genus Jarvikina Vorobyeva, 1977a 452</p> <p>Genus Marsdenichthys Long, 1985a 453</p> <p>Genus Spodichthys Jarvik, 1985 455</p> <p>Genus Notorhizodon Young, Long, & Ritchie, 1992 456</p> <p>Genus Mandageria Johanson & Ahlberg, 1997 457</p> <p>Genus Cabonnichthys Ahlberg & Johanson, 1997 458</p> <p>Genus Heddleichthys Snitting, 2008b 460</p> <p>Genus Langlieria Clément, Snitting & Ahlberg, 2008  462</p> <p>Superfamily Parapodoidea n superfam 463</p> <p>Family Medoevididae n fam 463</p> <p>Genus Medoevia Lebedev, 1995 463</p> <p>Family Canowindridae Young, Long & Ritchie, 1992 464</p> <p>Genus Canowindra Th omson, 1973 465</p> <p>Genus Beelarongia Long, 1987 466</p> <p>Genus Koharalepis Young, Long & Ritchie, 1992 467</p> <p>Superfamily Rhizodontoidea n superfam 468</p> <p>Osteolepiformes subord indet 468</p> <p>Family Lamprotolepididae Vorobyeva, 1977a 468</p> <p>Genus Lamprotolepis Vorobyeva, 1977a  468</p> <p>Osteolepiformes subord & fam indet 470</p> <p>Genus Litoptychius Denison, 1951 470</p> <p>Genus Lohsania Thomson & Vaughn, 1968 471</p> <p>Genus Sterropterygion Thomson, 1972 472</p> <p>Genus Megapomus Vorobyeva, 1977a 472</p> <p>Genus Thysanolepis Vorobyeva, 1977a 474</p> <p>Genus Viluichthys Vorobyeva, 1977a  475</p> <p>Genus Mahalalepis Young, Long & Ritchie, 1992 476</p> <p>Genus Platyethmoidea Young, Long & Ritchie, 1992 478</p> <p>Genus Vorobjevaia Young, Long & Ritchie, 1992 479</p> <p>Genus Sengoerichthys Janvier, Clément & Cloutier, 2007 480</p> <p>Genus Criptolepis Worobjeva, 1975c 481</p> <p>Acknowledgements 481</p> <p>References 482</p> <p>Tables 491</p> <p>Appendix Abbreviations used in illustrations and tables 506</p>

<p><b>Ulf J. Borgen</b> is the editor of <i>Morphology, Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Osteolepiform Fish</i>, published by Wiley.</p> <p><b>Hans A. Nakrem</b> is the editor of <i>Morphology, Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Osteolepiform Fish</i>, published by Wiley.</p>

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