<p>Preface xvii</p> <p>Acknowledgments xxi</p> <p><b>1 English Grammar 101 1</b></p> <p>1.1 Parts of Speech: Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, and so on 1</p> <p>1.1.1 Noun = Subject(Person,Place,Thing) 2</p> <p>1.1.2 Pronoun = Expresses a Distinction of a Person 2</p> <p>1.1.3 Adjective = Words That Describe or Modify a Noun 2</p> <p>1.1.4 Verb = Action Word 2</p> <p>1.1.4.1 The Use of the Two Verbs; Can vs. May 2</p> <p>1.1.5 Adverb = Words That Modify a Verb 3</p> <p>1.1.5.1 Good (adj.) vs. Well (adv.) 4</p> <p>1.1.6 Gerund = Using -ing, an Action Word, a Verb Becomes a Noun 4</p> <p>1.1.7 Prepositions Indicate a Relation Between Things 5</p> <p>1.1.7.1 Between (zwischen) vs. Among (unter); two confusing prepositions 5</p> <p>1.1.8 Conjunctions Connect Two Words, Phrases, or Clauses 5</p> <p>1.1.9 Interjections: Words of Exclamation, Interjections or Expressions of an Emotion or Sentiment 6</p> <p>1.2 Practical Usage of Adjectives and Their Comparative and Superlative Forms 6</p> <p>1.2.1 Citius, Altius, Fortius! (Faster, Higher, Stronger!) 6</p> <p>1.2.1.1 One-Syllable Adjectives 6</p> <p>1.2.1.2 Two-Syllable Adjectives 8</p> <p>1.2.1.3 Adjectives with Three or More Syllables 9</p> <p>1.2.1.4 Exceptions – Irregular Adjectives 9</p> <p>1.2.2 QUIZ YOURSELF: Practical Usage of Adjectives and Their Comparative and Superlative Forms 10</p> <p>1.2.2.1 Part I: Answer the Following Questions in the Space Provided 10</p> <p>1.2.2.2 Part II: Quiz Based on Text Below – First Read the Paragraph Below and Then Write the Adjective in [Brackets] into its Correct Comparative or Superlative Form in the Spaces Below 11</p> <p>1.3 Use of Questioning Words for the Inquisitive Lab Worker 11</p> <p>1.3.1 What are the Questioning Words Used in Speech? 12</p> <p>1.3.2 Questioning Words; Further Applications in Sentence Form – Practical Use of Questioning Words 13</p> <p><b>2 English Grammar 102 15</b></p> <p>2.1 Capitalization Rules (Regeln für Groß- und Kleinschreibung) 15</p> <p>2.1.1 German vs. English Language Capitalization Rules 15</p> <p>2.1.2 Basic Capitalization Rules with Exemplary Sentences 16</p> <p>2.1.2.1 Gender Titles (Geschlechtsbezeichnungen) 19</p> <p>2.1.2.2 Professional Titles (Further Discussed in Section 5.1) 19</p> <p>2.1.2.3 First Word of the Salutation and Complimentary Closing to a Brief or Letter 19</p> <p>2.1.2.4 Words Capitalized When They Stand before or after aNameor When Used as Part of a Name 19</p> <p>2.1.2.5 QUIZ YOURSELF: Capitalization – Correct for Any Capitalization Mistake(s) 20</p> <p>2.2 Punctuation Marks and Punctuation Rules (Interpunktionszeichen und Interpunktionsregeln) 20</p> <p>2.2.1 Punctuation Marks 20</p> <p>2.2.2 Punctuation Marks and Their Usage 21</p> <p>2.2.3 QUIZ YOURSELF: Punctuation Marks in the Space Provided, Where Necessary, Make Corrections to the Sentence’s Punctuation 24</p> <p>2.3 Spelling Hints, Tips, and a Rule with Exceptions! 24</p> <p>2.3.1 Two confusing words: Receipt and Recipe 24</p> <p>2.3.2 German versus English: Words Spelled with “ie” or “ei” and Their Pronunciation 25</p> <p>2.3.3 The Spelling Rule with Exceptions: Words in English with “ie” vs. “ei” 26</p> <p>2.3.4 European English 27</p> <p><b>3 Technical English Vocabulary 29</b></p> <p>3.1 Grammar 101: Homonyms 29</p> <p>3.1.1 Homonyms That are Spelled the Same, yet Many Times Have a Different Pronunciation, and Different Meanings 30</p> <p>3.1.2 Homonyms with Similar Pronunciations, But Having a Different Meaning and Spelling 32</p> <p>3.1.3 QUIZ YOURSELF: Homonyms 38</p> <p>3.2 Prefixes and Suffixes 39</p> <p>3.2.1 Useful Hints Toward Deciphering the Technical Word’s Definition 39</p> <p>3.2.1.1 Photosynthesis A Wonderful Scientific Word to Start with This Topic, Prefixes-/Suffixes! 40</p> <p>3.2.1.2 Prefixes and Suffixes 41</p> <p>3.2.1.3 Quiz Yourself 42</p> <p>3.2.1.4 Scientific-/Technical Vocabulary List with Prefixes and Suffixes 43</p> <p>3.2.1.5 QUIZ YOURSELF on Prefixes/Suffixes 47</p> <p>3.3 Synonyms vs. Antonyms 47</p> <p>3.3.1 Three Examples of Synonyms with Specific Prefixes and their Antonyms 48</p> <p>3.3.2 QUIZ YOURSELF: Synonyms vs. Antonyms 49</p> <p><b>4 Specialized Usages of English Language 51</b></p> <p>4.1 Gender Wars: Masculine vs. Feminine Words 51</p> <p>4.1.1 English Words of Gender – A Basic List 51</p> <p>4.2 Comparisons of British (Oxford) English<sup>BrE</sup> vs. American English<sup>AmE</sup> : The Spelling and Expression Wars! 52</p> <p>4.2.1 Spelling Differences Between British and American-English 55</p> <p>4.2.2 Other Spelling Differences Between BrE and AmE 57</p> <p>4.2.3 Irregular Spelling (Follows No Definite Rule) 57</p> <p>4.2.4 British Words or Expressions, Which are Rarely Used by Americans 58</p> <p>4.2.5 BrE vs. AmE – Other Expressions and their meanings with Translations 59</p> <p>4.2.6 BrE Versus AmE; Other Differences 60</p> <p><b>5 MBA 101 – Business Communication Skills 61</b></p> <p>5.1 Abbreviations for Everyday Needs in the Laboratory 61</p> <p>5.1.1 Common German Language Abbreviations with Translations in English 61</p> <p>5.1.2 Abbreviation Lists 62</p> <p>5.1.2.1 Common Abbreviations, Some Which Will Further Appear in Other Chapters of This Book 62</p> <p>5.1.2.2 Abbreviations for Scientific Equipment 64</p> <p>5.1.2.3 Abbrevations for Regulatory Affairs and Industry 64</p> <p>5.1.3 Abbreviations for Certain Measurements 65</p> <p>5.1.4 World Time Zone Abbreviations (Useful for Global Business Purposes) 66</p> <p>5.1.5 International Currency Symbols 67</p> <p>5.1.6 European Company Entities 67</p> <p>5.1.7 What do These Business Titles or Abbreviations Mean (Discussed Further in Section 6.1)? 68</p> <p>5.1.8 Abbreviations for Months of the Year/Days of the Week 68</p> <p>5.1.9 Time of Day Abbreviations 69</p> <p>5.1.10 Gender (Geschlecht) Title Abbreviations 70</p> <p>5.1.11 Professional Title Abbreviations 70</p> <p>5.1.12 Abbreviations of Nations, Political Units or Governmental-/Military Organizations 71</p> <p>5.1.13 Company Legal Entities Abbreviations 71</p> <p>5.1.14 NGOs – Non-Governmental Organizations 73</p> <p>5.2 Oral Communication Skills 75</p> <p>5.2.1 English Language & Usage 75</p> <p>5.2.1.1 Schadenfreude, A Good Example of a German Loan Word 75</p> <p>5.2.1.2 Expressions, Idioms & Proverbs 76</p> <p>5.2.1.3 Expressions, Idioms, and Proverbs 76</p> <p>5.2.1.4 Special Quotes or Proverbs from Well-Known People 82</p> <p>5.2.1.5 QUIZ YOURSELF: Business Expressions, Idioms, and Proverbs 83</p> <p>5.3 Writing Communication Skills 84</p> <p>5.3.1 Improving Your Automatic E-mail Response (When Away from the Lab Station or Desk) 84</p> <p>5.3.1.1 Business Travel 85</p> <p>5.3.1.2 Two Anonymous Examples of Automatic E-Mail Responses 85</p> <p>5.3.1.3 Lesson for only German and English automatic E-mail responses 87</p> <p>5.3.1.4 Below are Five Different Automatic German/English E-mail Responses 88</p> <p>5.3.1.5 Transitional Words or Phrases for Business Communication 91</p> <p>5.4 Business Writing Communication Skills 92</p> <p>5.4.1 Writing Effective E-mails and Business Letters 92</p> <p>5.4.1.1 A Professional Business Letter’s Format – What Should it Contain? 94</p> <p>5.4.1.2 Writing an Effective E-mail 96</p> <p>5.5 Writing a ShortBio (Short Biography) 99</p> <p><b>6 MBA 102 – Business Communication Skills 101</b></p> <p>6.1 Company Hierarchies and Business Titles Used in Industry 101</p> <p>6.1.1 Your Business Title, it’s your “Sheriff’s Badge,” so Wear It Well! 101</p> <p>6.1.2 Executive Management – What are Typical Business Titles for “C-Level” Positions 101</p> <p>6.1.3 Flow Chart: A Typical Global Fortune 500 Company’s Hierarchy 102</p> <p>6.2 Participating in a Sector Industry Event 103</p> <p>6.2.1 Comparing an onsite Seminar vs. an online Webinar 103</p> <p>6.2.2 Participating in Typical Sector Industry Event – Interpreting a Full-Day Seminar Program 105</p> <p>6.2.3 QUIZ YOURSELF: Interpreting a Seminar Program 106</p> <p>6.3 Participating in a Webinar 107</p> <p>6.3.1 What is a Webinar? 107</p> <p>6.3.2 Reading Comprehension: Reviewing a Flyer from a Seminar Program 108</p> <p>6.3.2.1 QUIZ YOURSELF: Reading Comprehension 111</p> <p>6.3.3 What did you Learn from this Lesson? 111</p> <p>6.4 Business Speaking Skills 112</p> <p>6.4.1 The Elevator Speech, the 30 Second(s) Drill 112</p> <p>6.4.2 Small Talk, the Fine Art of Schmoozing 113</p> <p>6.4.2.1 Learning “Small Talk” – How to Become a Good Schmoozer 114</p> <p>6.4.2.2 “Small Talk” Topics to Select from and Schmooze with 114</p> <p>6.4.3 Making a Presentation: Presenting to Industry Colleagues at a Conference, Congress, or Trade Show 117</p> <p>6.4.3.1 Key Phrases or Expressions to Consider Using in a Presentation 118</p> <p>6.4.3.2 The Template for a Presentation 121</p> <p><b>7 Science 101 125</b></p> <p>7.1 Branches of Science – Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Other Related Fields of Science 125</p> <p>7.2 Weather and Meteorology 126</p> <p>7.3 Meteorology 127</p> <p>7.4 Fields of Science 128</p> <p>7.4.1 Studies in the Field of Biology 128</p> <p>7.4.2 Studies in the Field of Chemistry 133</p> <p>7.4.3 Studies in the Field of Physics 135</p> <p>7.5 Soft vs. Hard Sciences 138</p> <p>7.6 Capitalization Rules for the Various Fields of Science 139</p> <p>7.7 Branches of Medicine – The Many Facets and Faces of the Medical Field 139</p> <p>7.7.1 QUIZ YOURSELF: Branches of Medicine 142</p> <p><b>8 Bio-Medicine 102 145</b></p> <p>8.1 Human Anatomy and Physiology: An In-depth Look at the Human Endocrine System 145</p> <p>8.1.1 Mr. H’s Tip: Prefixes with Greek or Latin Language Roots, which are Heavily Used in Chemistry, Medicine and Other Sciences 147</p> <p>8.1.2 Comparing Endocrine (Ductless) Gland vs. Exocrine (Duct) Gland 147</p> <p>8.1.3 The Endocrine System 148</p> <p>8.2 Laboratory Animals 150</p> <p>8.2.1 The Animal Kingdom: Gender, Grouping, and Offspring Names 150</p> <p>8.2.2 QUIZ YOURSELF – The Animal Kingdom: Gender, Grouping, and Offspring names 152</p> <p>8.2.3 Working with Laboratory Animals 154</p> <p>8.2.4 Dissection and its Instrumentation 155</p> <p><b>9 Chemistry 101 157</b></p> <p>9.1 Introduction to Basic Chemistry Terminology 157</p> <p>9.1.1 Matter 158</p> <p>9.1.2 Basic Chemistry Terminology 158</p> <p>9.1.3 Elements of the Periodic Table 159</p> <p>9.1.4 Elements Selected by Their Importance in the Laboratory 160</p> <p>9.1.5 What is a Salt? 162</p> <p>9.1.6 Metals 162</p> <p>9.1.7 Noble Gases 165</p> <p>9.1.8 QUIZ YOURSELF – Elements of the Periodic Table 165</p> <p>9.1.9 Elements: Their Atomic Numbers, Atomic Masses, and Isotopes 167</p> <p>9.1.9.1 QUIZ YOURSELF: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass 168</p> <p>9.1.9.2 QUIZ YOURSELF: Calculating Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons 168</p> <p>9.1.10 Isotopes: Elements With the Same Atomic Number, but Varying Atomic Masses 168</p> <p>9.1.10.1 QUIZ YOURSELF – Isotopes: Calculating the Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons 169</p> <p>9.1.11 Covalent versus Ionic: Two Major Chemical Bonds 169</p> <p>9.1.12 Physical vs. Chemical Properties of Substances 169</p> <p>9.1.12.1 Comparing Physical vs. Chemical Properties of Substances 170</p> <p>9.1.12.2 Mr. H Puts Forth a Puzzling Question 171</p> <p>9.1.12.3 QUIZ YOURSELF: Which is it, a Physical or Chemical Change? 172</p> <p>9.2 Nomenclature – Organic and Inorganic Chemistry 173</p> <p>9.2.1 Inorganic Chemistry – Nomenclature for Ionic Bonded Compounds 173</p> <p>9.2.1.1 Binary Compounds (Contains Two Elements) With the -ide Suffix 174</p> <p>9.2.1.2 Some Binary Compound Acids, Which Have -ic Suffixes 174</p> <p>9.2.1.3 Compounds with CN − ,OH − , Which Use the -ide Suffix 174</p> <p>9.2.1.4 When to Use the -ite and -ate Suffixes 174</p> <p>9.2.1.5 Acids and Their Anions 175</p> <p>9.2.1.6 When to Use the -ic and -ous Suffixes 175</p> <p>9.2.1.7 When to Use the bi- and di- Hydrogen Prefix 175</p> <p>9.2.2 Inorganic Chemistry Nomenclature – Covalent Bonding 176</p> <p>9.2.3 Organic Chemistry Nomenclature for Many a Nightmare (Albtraum)! 177</p> <p>9.2.3.1 Cracking Organic Chemistry’s “DaVinci Code”… it All Comes Down to Prefixes and Suffixes! 177</p> <p>9.2.3.2 QUIZ YOURSELF: Organic Chemistry Nomenclature 178</p> <p>9.3 Acids,Bases,and pH 179</p> <p>9.3.1 Acids and Bases – Terminology 179</p> <p>9.3.2 pH Scale – Various Substances and their pH Ranges 181</p> <p>9.3.3 Pepsin and Trypsin – Two Important Human Digestive (Verdauungssystem) Enzymes and their pH Values 182</p> <p>9.3.4 QUIZ YOURSELF: Acids, Bases, Neutral Substances, and pH 183</p> <p>9.3.4.1 In the Brackets, Circle the Correct Answers 183</p> <p>9.3.4.2 Multiple Choice Questions 183</p> <p>9.3.4.3 Matching Quiz 184</p> <p>9.3.4.4 QUIZ YOURSELF: Organic and Inorganic Compounds 184</p> <p>9.4 Laboratory Equipment, Utensils, and Apparatus 187</p> <p>9.4.1 QUIZ YOURSELF: Laboratory Equipment, Utensils, and Apparatus 188</p> <p>9.4.2 QUIZ YOURSELF: Laboratory Equipment, Utensils, and Apparatus 190</p> <p><b>10 Biochemistry 102 193</b></p> <p>10.1 Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins 193</p> <p>10.1.1 Carbohydrates and Their Chemistry 193</p> <p>10.1.2 Sugar, Cellulose, and Starch: The Three Carbohydrates 194</p> <p>10.1.2.1 Sugars 194</p> <p>10.1.2.2 Cellulose 195</p> <p>10.1.2.3 Starch 195</p> <p>10.1.3 QUIZ YOURSELF: Place the Letter from Column “B” with Its Correct Answer from Column “A” 196</p> <p>10.1.4 Lipids 196</p> <p>10.1.5 Proteins 199</p> <p>10.1.6 QUIZ YOURSELF: Lipids and Proteins 199</p> <p>10.1.7 QUIZ YOURSELF: Lipids and Proteins – Translate into either German or English 200</p> <p>10.2 Nutrition 200</p> <p>10.2.1 Typical Nutritional Label for a Food Product Sold in the USA 201</p> <p>10.2.2 The Food Pyramid – Food Groups and the Recommended Amount per Day 202</p> <p>10.2.3 Vitamins 202</p> <p>10.2.4 QUIZ YOURSELF: Vitamins 206</p> <p>10.2.5 QUIZ YOURSELF: Fill in the Blanks 207</p> <p>10.2.6 QUIZ YOURSELF: Translate into either German or English 207</p> <p>10.3 Fermentation and its Industrial Applications 207</p> <p>10.3.1 Ethanol Production 209</p> <p>10.4 The 3 E’s: Emulsions, Emulsifiers, and Enzymes 210</p> <p>10.4.1 Emulsion 210</p> <p>10.4.2 Emulsifier 212</p> <p>10.4.3 Enzymes and Their Applications in Industry 213</p> <p>10.4.3.1 Trypsin, Amylase, and Pepsin 213</p> <p>10.4.3.2 Human Digestive Enzymes and the Food Products They Help Digest 215</p> <p>10.4.3.3 The Human Digestive System 215</p> <p>10.4.3.4 Enzymes as Catalysts 216</p> <p>10.4.4 QUIZ YOURSELF – The 3Es; Emulsifiers, Emulsions, Enzymes 217</p> <p>10.4.5 Reading Comprehension – Chemical Digestion of Protein 217</p> <p><b>11 Chemistry 103 221</b></p> <p>11.1 Physical Properties of Compounds 221</p> <p>11.2 Describing a Substance or Compound’s Physical Properties 221</p> <p>11.3 Quiz Yourself 225</p> <p><b>12 Physics 101 227</b></p> <p>12.1 What Is Physics? 227</p> <p>12.2 Sound Waves vs. Light Waves 228</p> <p>12.2.1 Convex and Concave Lenses 229</p> <p>12.2.2 Refraction through Water or Air 230</p> <p>12.2.3 What is Sound? 230</p> <p>12.3 Force 231</p> <p>12.4 Gravity 232</p> <p>12.5 Osmosis 233</p> <p>12.6 Temperature 234</p> <p>12.7 Torque 235</p> <p>12.8 Viscosity 238</p> <p>12.9 QUIZ YOURSELF – Is it Force, Torque, Temperature, or Viscosity that’s being described? 239</p> <p>12.10 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 240</p> <p>12.11 Astronomy 242</p> <p>12.11.1 The Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram 242</p> <p>12.11.2 Spectral Classifications of Stars 243</p> <p>12.11.3 The Big Bang (Urknall)Theory 244</p> <p><b>13 Regulatory Affairs 101 245</b></p> <p>13.1 Regulatory Affairs 245</p> <p>13.1.1 GHS Classification and Labeling <sup>AmE</sup> System 246</p> <p>13.1.2 Implementation of Regulations for Potential Global Crisises 248</p> <p>13.1.3 Regulatory, What Does It Actually Mean? 249</p> <p>13.1.4 European Regulatory Authorities, Governmental Organizations, and Agencies 254</p> <p>13.1.5 National Regulatory Authorities 256</p> <p>13.1.6 International Regulatory Authorities, Organizations & Agencies 257</p> <p>13.1.7 USA Regulatory Authorities, Governmental Organizations, and Agencies 258</p> <p>13.1.8 QUIZ YOURSELF: Match the City and Nation with the Correct Regulatory Organization 259</p> <p>13.2 EU REACH Regulation, Its Language, Terminology, and Abbreviations 260</p> <p>13.2.1 The Supply Chain 261</p> <p>13.2.2 REACH’s Unique Language 262</p> <p>13.2.3 QUIZ YOURSELF – REACH Terminology 267</p> <p>13.3 CAS Numbers – Identifying Compounds, Reagents, and Chemicals 270</p> <p>13.4 The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)/Safety Data Sheet (SDS): Terminology 271</p> <p>13.4.1 The Difference Between an MSDS and SDS 271</p> <p>13.4.2 The 16 Sections of a Typical MSDS/SDS 273</p> <p>13.4.3 Example of an MSDS and Its 16 Sections 274</p> <p>13.4.4 QUIZ YOURSELF – The Sections of a Typical MSDS 279</p> <p>13.5 Health Risks and Occupational Safety: Expressions for Use in the Lab 280</p> <p><b>14 Legal Language 101 283</b></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 283</p> <p>14.2 Reviewing a Typical Contract, Which Concerns Two Parties 283</p> <p>14.3 Preparing for the Visit of an English-speaking Technical Representative 293</p> <p>14.4 Analyzing and Understanding a Warranty’s Terms and Conditions (Geschäftsbedingungen) 296</p> <p>14.4.1 Reading Comprehension Based on an Actual Warranty 296</p> <p><b>15 Mathematics 101 299</b></p> <p>15.1 Basic Math Operations and Terminology 300</p> <p>15.2 Numerals, Factors, and Words of Succession (Ranking or Order) 300</p> <p>15.2.1 Numerals 301</p> <p>15.2.2 Factor Numbers 301</p> <p>15.2.3 Numbers of Succession 302</p> <p>15.2.4 Fractions 302</p> <p>15.2.5 Time and Frequency 303</p> <p>15.2.6 Words of Succession (Rank or Order) 303</p> <p>15.3 Geometry and Geometric Shapes 304</p> <p>15.4 Velocity (Speed) 305</p> <p>15.5 Density 306</p> <p>15.5.1 Calculating Density 307</p> <p>15.5.2 Calculating a Three-Dimensional Object’s Volume 307</p> <p>15.6 Exponents (Scientific Notation) 310</p> <p><b>16 Measurements 313</b></p> <p>16.1 The Metric System 313</p> <p>16.1.1 Measuring Temperature – Comparing Celsius (<sup>∘</sup>C) Versus Fahrenheit (<sup>∘</sup>F) Temperatures 314</p> <p>16.1.2 Measuring Sizes with the Metric System 315</p> <p>16.1.3 QUIZ YOURSELF: Measuring Sizes with the Metric System 315</p> <p>16.2 The Micro Versus Macro Worlds 316</p> <p>16.2.1 The Microscope, an Instrument Used to Observe the “Micro-World” 316</p> <p>16.2.2 The Telescope, an Instrument Used to Observe Our “Macro-World.” 316</p> <p><b>17 Biology 101 317</b></p> <p>17.1 Biological Applications Used in Industry 317</p> <p>17.2 The Cell, the Basic Unit of Life 318</p> <p>17.3 Comparisons: Prokaryotes Versus Eukaryotes 318</p> <p>17.3.1 What are Prokaryotes? 318</p> <p>17.3.2 What are Eukaryotes? 319</p> <p>17.3.3 Comparing Prokaryotic (Bacteria) vs. Eukaryotic Cells (Plant and Animal Cells) 321</p> <p>17.3.4 Comparisons: Plant Versus Animal Cells 321</p> <p>17.3.5 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 322</p> <p>17.4 Hierarchy and Organization of Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems, and the Organism 323</p> <p>17.5 The Protists, Uni-cellular Organisms 324</p> <p>17.5.1 Tissue, a Group of Cells Functioning Together Form a Tissue 324</p> <p>17.5.2 Types of Human or Animal Tissues 325</p> <p>17.5.3 Types of Connective Tissue 325</p> <p>17.5.4 Ligaments and Tendons – Specialized Connective Tissue 326</p> <p>17.5.5 Vascular Tissue (Blood, Lymph) 327</p> <p>17.5.6 Muscle Tissue (Smooth, Cardiac, and Striated) 329</p> <p>17.5.6.1 Muscle Tissue (Mammal) 329</p> <p>17.5.7 Muscle Tissue 330</p> <p>17.6 Organ,a Group of Tissues Functioning Together (Organ, Pronounced like, “Morgen”) 331</p> <p>17.7 System, a Group of Organs Functioning Together 333</p> <p>17.8 Organism, a Group of Systems Functioning Together 334</p> <p>17.9 Comparing Vertebrates (Wirbeltiere) vs. Invertebrates (Wirbellose Tiere) 334</p> <p>17.9.1 Mammals 334</p> <p>17.9.2 Birds 336</p> <p>17.9.3 Exothermic (Cold-Blooded) Vertebrates 337</p> <p>17.9.4 Reptiles and Amphibians, also Exothermic Vertebrates 338</p> <p>17.9.5 Invertebrates, Animals Without Backbones 338</p> <p>17.9.6 Arthropods 339</p> <p>17.9.7 QUIZ YOURSELF: Vertebrates versus Invertebrates 340</p> <p>17.10 Advanced Biology Terminology 341</p> <p><b>18 Sector Industry Terminology 343</b></p> <p>18.1 Cosmetics and Toiletries (C&T), Personal or Consumer Health Care, Household Cleaning Products 343</p> <p>18.1.1 What is an Anti-Perspirant? Deodorant? Anti-Itch Cream or Anti-Acne Ointment? 344</p> <p>18.1.2 Perspiration vs. Transpiration 345</p> <p>18.1.3 A commonly asked question: How does a Cream differ from an Ointment? 346</p> <p>18.1.4 Cosmetics and Toiletries (C&T), Personal or Consumer Health Care, Household Cleaning Products 347</p> <p>18.2 Coating, Spraying, Tabletting Technology 350</p> <p>18.2.1 Defining the Meaning for Coating, Spraying, and Tabletting 350</p> <p>18.2.2 Coating, Spraying, and Tabletting Terminology for Chemicals, Food, Cosmetics, Consumer or Personal Health Care, Pharmaceutical, and Medical Products 353</p> <p>18.2.3 QUIZ YOURSELF: Storage and the Stocking of Chemicals 358</p> <p>18.3 Flavor and Fragrance Terminology 359</p> <p>18.4 Medical, Pharma, and Consumer Health: How Drugs and Medications are Administered to Humans 360</p> <p>Answers 365</p> <p>Chapter 1: English Grammar 101 365</p> <p>Chapter 2: English Grammar 102 365</p> <p>Chapter 3: Technical English Vocabulary 367</p> <p>Chapter 5: MBA 101 Business Communications Skills 367</p> <p>Chapter 6: MBA 102 Business Communications Skills 368</p> <p>Chapter 7: Science 101 369</p> <p>Chapter 8: Bio-Medicine 102 370</p> <p>Chapter 9: Chemistry 101 370</p> <p>Chapter 10: Biochemistry 102 373</p> <p>Chapter 11: Chemistry 103 374</p> <p>Chapter 12: Physics 101 374</p> <p>Chapter 13: Regulatory Affairs 101 374</p> <p>Chapter 14: Legal Language 101 376</p> <p>Chapter 15: Mathematics 101 376</p> <p>Chapter 16: Measurements 377</p> <p>Chapter 17: Biology 101 377</p> <p>Sources of Educational Materials – Textbooks, Publications, and Online Sources 379</p> <p>Astronomy, Earth Science 379</p> <p>Biology 379</p> <p>Chemistry 380</p> <p>English Grammar, Business Communication Skills 380</p> <p>Regulatory and Legal 380</p> <p>Sector Industry or Trade Organizations 381</p> <p>Physics 381</p> <p>Mathematics 381</p> <p>Other Online Sources Used for This Book 382</p> <p>Industry Related Sources 383</p>