INTRODUCTION<br> Introduction<br> History of the MAX Phases<br> <br> STRUCTURE, BONDING, AND DEFECTS<br> Introduction<br> Atom Coordinates, Stacking Sequences, and Polymorphic Transformations<br> Lattice Parameters, Bond Lengths, and Interlayer Thicknesses<br> Theoretical Considerations<br> To Be or Not to Be<br> Distortion of Octahedra and Trigonal Prisms<br> Solid Solutions<br> Defects<br> Summary and Conclusions<br> <br> ELASTIC PROPERTIES, RAMAN AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY<br> Introduction<br> Elastic Constants<br> Young's Modulus and Shear Modulus<br> Poisson's Ratios<br> Bulk Moduli<br> Extrema in Elastic Properties<br> Effect of Temperature on Elastic Properties<br> Raman Spectroscopy<br> Infrared Spectroscopy<br> Summary and Conclusions<br> <br> THERMAL PROPERTIES<br> Introduction<br> Thermal Conductivities<br> Atomic Displacement Parameters<br> Heat Capacities<br> Thermal Expansion<br> Thermal Stability<br> Summary and Conclusions<br> <br> ELECTRONIC, OPTICAL, AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES<br> Introduction<br> Electrical Resistivities, Hall Coefficients, and Magnetoresistances<br> Seebeck Coefficients, Theta<br> Optical Properties<br> Magnetic Properties<br> Superconducting Properties<br> Summary and Conclusions<br> <br> OXIDATION AND REACTIVITY WITH OTHER GASES<br> Introduction<br> Ti3SiC2<br> Tin+1AlXn<br> Solid Solutions between Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2<br> Cr2AlC<br> Nb2AlC and (Ti0.5,Nb0.5)2AlC<br> Ti2SC<br> V2AlC and (Ti0.5,V0.5)2AlC<br> Ti3GeC2 and Ti3(Si,Ge)C2<br> Ta2AlC<br> Ti2SnC, Nb2SnC, and Hf2SnC<br> Ti2InC, Zr2InC, (Ti0.5, Hf0.5)2InC, and (Ti0.5,Zr0.5)2InC<br> Sulfur Dioxide, SO2<br> Anhydrous Hydrofluoric, HF, Gas<br> Chlorine Gas<br> Summary and Conclusions<br> Appendix<br> <br> CHEMICAL REACTIVITY<br> Introduction<br> Diffusivitiy of M and A Atoms<br> Reactions with Si, C, Metals, and Intermetallics<br> Reactions with Molten Salts<br> Reactions with Common Acids and Bases<br> Summary and Conclusions<br> <br> DISLOCATIONS, KINKING NONLINEAR ELASTICITY, AND DAMPING<br> Introduction<br> Dislocations and Their Arrangements<br> Kink Band Formation in Crystalline Solids<br> Incipient Kink Bands<br> Microscale Model for Kinking Nonlinear Elasticity<br> Experimental Verification of the IKB Model<br> Effect of Porosity<br> Experimental Evidence for IKBs<br> Why Microcracking Cannot Explain Kinking Nonlinear Elasticity<br> The Preisach -<br> Mayergoyz Model<br> Damping<br> Nonlinear Dynamic Effects<br> Summary and Conclusions<br> <br> MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: AMBIENT TEMPERATURE<br> Introduction<br> Response of Quasi-Single Crystals to Compressive Loads<br> Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Compressive Stresses<br> Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Shear Stresses<br> Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Flexure Stresses<br> Response of Polycrystalline Samples to Tensile Stresses<br> Hardness<br> Fracture Toughness and R-Curve Behavior<br> Fatigue Resistance<br> Damage Tolerance<br> Micromechanisms Responsible for High K1c, R-Curve Behavior, and Fatigue Response<br> Thermal Sock Resistance<br> Strain Rate Effects<br> Solid Solution Hardening and Softeing<br> Machinability<br> Summary and Conclusions<br> <br> MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: HIGH TEMPERATURES<br> Introduction<br> Plastic Anisotropy, Internal Stresses, and Deformation Mechanisms<br> Creep<br> Response to Other Stress States<br> Summary and Conclusions<br> <br> EPILOGUE <br> Outstanding Scientific Questions <br> MAX Phase Potential Applications <br> Forming Processes and Sintering <br> Outstanding Technological Issues <br> Some Final Comments <br> <br> INDEX