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<p>List of Plates and Illustrations xlii</p> <p>Preface xlv</p> <p>Abbreviations li</p> <p>Introduction 1</p> <p>Victorian Representations and Misrepresentations 1</p> <p>“The Terrific Burning” 2</p> <p>The Battle of the Styles 3</p> <p>“The Best of Times, the Worst of Times” 4</p> <p>Demographics and Underlying Fears 5</p> <p>Power, Industry, and the High Cost of Bread and Beer 5</p> <p>The Classes and the Masses 7</p> <p>The Dynamics of Gender 8</p> <p>Religion and the Churches 9</p> <p>Political Structures 11</p> <p>Empire 12</p> <p>Genres and Literary Hierarchies 12</p> <p>The Fine Arts and Popular Entertainment 13</p> <p>Revolutions in Mass Media and the Expansion of Print Culture 17</p> <p><b>Part One Contexts 19</b></p> <p><b>The Condition of England 21</b></p> <p>Introduction 21</p> <p><b>1. The Victorian Social Formation 27</b></p> <p>Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803–73): Pelham (1828) 27</p> <p>From Chapter 1 27</p> <p>Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881): Chartism (1840) 29</p> <p>From Chapter 1: “Condition-of-England Question” 29</p> <p>Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881): Past and Present (1843) 30</p> <p>From Book I, Chapter 1: “Midas” 30</p> <p>Benjamin Disraeli (1804–81): Sybil (1845) 32</p> <p>From Book 2, Chapter 5 [The Two Nations] 32</p> <p>George Cruikshank (1792–1878): The British Bee Hive. Process engraving (1867) 34</p> <p>Matthew Arnold (1822–88): Culture and Anarchy (1869) 35</p> <p>From III [Chapter 3: “Barbarians, Philistines, Populace”] 35</p> <p><b>2. Education and Mass Literacy 37</b></p> <p>Illustrated London News (1842): From “Our Address” 37</p> <p>Illustrated London News (1843): Dedicatory Sonnet 39</p> <p>Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (1815–81): Life and Correspondence of Thomas Arnold, D.D. (1844) 39</p> <p>From “Letter of Inquiry for a Master” by Thomas Arnold (1795–1842) 39</p> <p>From “Letter to a Master on his Appointment” 40</p> <p>William Wordsworth (1770–1850): “Illustrated Books and Newspapers” (1846) 40</p> <p>Anon. [Thomas Peckett Prest (?) (1810–59)]: “The String of Pearls: A Romance” (1846–47) 41</p> <p>From Chapter 38 [Sweeney Todd] 41</p> <p>From Chapter 39 42</p> <p>The Society for Promoting Working Men’s Associations: “Lectures for April, 1853” 43</p> <p>Charles Dickens (1812–70): Hard Times (1854) 44</p> <p>Chapter 1: “The One Thing Needful” 44</p> <p>Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake (1809–93): From “The Englishwoman at School” (July 1878) 45</p> <p><b>Gender, Women, and Sexuality 49</b></p> <p>Introduction 49</p> <p><b>1. Constructing Genders 56</b></p> <p>Kenelm Digby (1800–80): The Broad Stone of Honour: or, the True Sense and Practice of Chivalry ([1822] 1877) 56</p> <p>From Part 1, Section 14: “Godefridus” 56</p> <p>Sarah Stickney Ellis (1799–1872): The Daughters of England (1842) 57</p> <p>From Chapter 1: “Important Inquiries” 57</p> <p>From Chapter 9: “Friendship and Flirtation” 58</p> <p>Marion Kirkland Reid (c.1839–89): From A Plea for Woman (1843) 59</p> <p>Richard Pilling (1799–1874): From “Defence at his Trial” (1843) 61</p> <p>Isabella Beeton (1836–65): The Book of Household Management (1859–61) 62</p> <p>From Chapter 1: “The Mistress” 62</p> <p>Eliza Lynn Linton (1822–98): From “The Girl of the Period” in the<br /> Saturday Review (14 Mar. 1868) 65</p> <p>Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936). “If—” (1910) 67</p> <p><b>2. The Woman Question 68</b></p> <p>Sarah Stickney Ellis (1799–1872): The Women of England (1838) 68</p> <p>From Chapter 2: “The Influence of the Women of England” 68</p> <p>Harriet Taylor (1807–58): From “The Enfranchisement of Women” in Westminster Review (July 1851) 70</p> <p>Caroline Norton (1808–77): From A Letter to the Queen on Lord Chancellor Cranworth’s Marriage and Divorce Bill (1855) 71</p> <p>Harriet Martineau (1802–76), Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), Josephine Butler (1828–1906), and others: “Manifesto” of “The Ladies’ National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts” in Daily News (31 Dec. 1869) 74</p> <p>Sarah Grand (1854–1943): From “The New Aspect of the Woman Question” in North American Review (Mar. 1894) 76</p> <p>Sydney Grundy (1848–1914): The New Woman (1894) 78</p> <p>From Act 1 78</p> <p><b>Literature and the Arts 81</b></p> <p>Introduction 81</p> <p><b>1. Debates about Literature 87</b></p> <p>Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812–52): Contrasts (1836) 87</p> <p>From Chapter 1: “On the Feelings which Produced the Great Edifices of the Middle Ages” 87</p> <p>George Eliot (1819–80): From “Silly Novels by Lady Novelists” in<br /> Westminster Review (Oct. 1856) 89</p> <p>Mary Elizabeth Braddon (1835–1915): Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) 91</p> <p>From Chapter 1: “Lucy” 91</p> <p>From Chapter 37: “Buried Alive” 93</p> <p>Colin Henry Hazlewood (1820–75): Lady Audley’s Secret (1863) 94</p> <p>From Act V 94</p> <p>Henry James (1843–1916): From “The Art of Fiction” in Longman’s Magazine (Sept. 1884) 96</p> <p><b>2. Pre-Raphaelitism, Aestheticism, and Decadence 98</b></p> <p>William Michael Rossetti (1829–1919): The Germ: Or Thoughts Toward Nature in Poetry, Literature, and Art (1850) 98</p> <p>From “Introduction” 98</p> <p>Charles Dickens (1812–70): From “Old Lamps for New Ones” in Household Words (15 June 1850) 100</p> <p>Christina Rossetti (1830–94): Two Poems on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood [1853] 102</p> <p>The P.R.B. [I] 102</p> <p>The P.R.B. [II] 103</p> <p>John Ruskin (1819–1900): “The Præ-Raphaelites” Letter to The Times</p> <p>(25 May 1854) 103</p> <p>Walter Pater (1839–94): From “The Poems of William Morris” [“Æsthetic Poetry”] in Westminster Review (Oct. 1868) 105</p> <p>James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834–1903): From “Mr. Whistler’s ‘Ten O’Clock’” (20 Feb. 1885) 109</p> <p><b>Religion and Science 113</b></p> <p>Introduction 113</p> <p><b>1. Geology and Evolution 122</b></p> <p>Robert Chambers (1802–71): Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844) 122</p> <p>From Chapter 12: “General Considerations Respecting the Origin of the Animated Tribes” 122</p> <p>Hugh Miller (1802–56): The Foot-Prints of the Creator: or, the Asterolepis of Stromness (1849) 124</p> <p>From “Stromness and its Asterolepis. The Lake of Stennis 124</p> <p>Philip Henry Gosse (1810–88): Omphalos: An Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot (1857) 125</p> <p>From Chapter 12: “The Conclusion” 125</p> <p>Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913): From “On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type” (20 Aug. 1858) 127</p> <p>Charles Darwin (1809–82): On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1859) 130</p> <p>From “Introduction” 130</p> <p>From Chapter 3: “Struggle for Existence” 133</p> <p>From Chapter 4: “Natural Selection” 133</p> <p>From Chapter 15: “Recapitulation and Conclusion” 136</p> <p>Agnes Mary Frances Robinson (1857–1944) 140</p> <p>Darwinism 140</p> <p><b>Empire 142</b></p> <p>Introduction 142</p> <p><b>1. Celebration and Criticism 148</b></p> <p>Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881): From “Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question” in Fraser’s Magazine (Dec. 1849) 148</p> <p>John Stuart Mill (1806–73): From “The Negro Question” in<br /> Fraser’s Magazine (Jan. 1850) 150</p> <p>John Ruskin (1819–1900): From Inaugural Lecture (1870) 151</p> <p>George William Hunt (c.1839–1904): “MacDermott’s War Song” [“By Jingo”] (1877) 153</p> <p>J. R. Seeley (1834–95): The Expansion of England (1883) 154</p> <p>From Course II, Lecture I: “History and Politics” 154</p> <p>Alfred Tennyson (1809–92): “Opening of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition” (1886) 156</p> <p>Alfred Tennyson (1809–92): “Carmen Sæculare: An Ode in Honour of the Jubilee of Queen Victoria” (1887) 157</p> <p>Henry Labouchère [?] (1831–1912): “The Brown Man’s Burden” (1899) 160</p> <p>J. A. Hobson (1858–1940): Imperialism: A Study (1902) 162</p> <p>From Part 2, Chapter 4: “Imperialism and the Lower Races” 162</p> <p>Arthur Christopher Benson (1862–1925): “Land of Hope and Glory” (1902) 163</p> <p>Wilfrid Scawen Blunt (1840–1922): From My Diaries: Being a Personal Narrative of Events, 1888–1914 (1919) 165</p> <p><b>2. Governing the Colonies 166</b></p> <p>2.1 India 166</p> <p>Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–59): From Minute on Indian Education (1835) 166<br /> Proclamation by the Queen in Council, to the Princes, Chiefs, and People of India (1858) 169</p> <p>G. A. Henty (1832–1902): With Clive in India: Or, The Beginnings of an Empire (1884) 171</p> <p>From “Preface” 171</p> <p>Flora Annie Steel (1847–1929) and Grace Gardiner (d. 1919): The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook (1888) 172</p> <p>From “Preface to the First Edition” 172</p> <p>From Chapter 1: “The Duties of the Mistress” 173</p> <p>Behramji Malabari (1853–1912): The Indian Eye on English Life, or Rambles of a Pilgrim Reformer (1893) 176</p> <p>From Chapter 2: “In and About London” 176</p> <p>Ham Mukasa (1870–1956): Uganda’s Katikiro in England (1904) 178</p> <p>From Chapter 5 178</p> <p>From Chapter 6 179</p> <p><b>Part Two Authors 181</b></p> <p><b>Walter Savage Landor (1775–1864) 183</b></p> <p>To Robert Browning 183</p> <p>“You smiled, you spoke, and I believed” 184</p> <p>Dying Speech of an Old Philosopher 184</p> <p>“I entreat you, Alfred Tennyson” 184</p> <p><b>Charlotte Elliott (1789–1871) 185</b></p> <p>“Him That Cometh to Me I Will in No Wise Cast Out.” [Just As I Am] 185</p> <p><b>John Keble (1792–1866) 186</b></p> <p>From National Apostasy Considered 187</p> <p><b>Felicia Hemans (1793–1835) 190</b></p> <p>Casabianca 191</p> <p>The Indian Woman’s Death-Song 192</p> <p>The Indian With His Dead Child 194</p> <p>The Rock of Cader-Idris 195</p> <p>The Last Song of Sappho 196</p> <p><b>Janet Hamilton (1795–1873) 198</b></p> <p>A Lay of the Tambour Frame 198</p> <p><b>Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) 200</b></p> <p>Past and Present 201</p> <p>“Hero-Worship” 202</p> <p>“Captains of Industry” 205</p> <p><b>Maria Smith Abdy (1797–1867) 210</b></p> <p>A Governess Wanted 211</p> <p><b>Mary Howitt (1799–1888) 212</b></p> <p>The Spider and the Fly 213</p> <p>The Fossil Elephant 214</p> <p><b>Thomas Hood (1799–1845) 216</b></p> <p>The Song of the Shirt 216</p> <p>The Bridge of Sighs 219</p> <p><b>Sarah Stickney Ellis (1799–1872) 222</b></p> <p>From Pictures of Private Life 222</p> <p>“An Apology for Fiction” 222</p> <p><b>Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–59) 225</b></p> <p>The History of England from the Accession of James the Second (1848–61) 225</p> <p>From Chapter 1: “Before the Restoration” 226</p> <p>[Introduction] 226</p> <p>From Chapter 3: “The State of England in 1685” 228</p> <p>[The Clergy] 228</p> <p><b>John Henry Newman (1801–90) 230</b></p> <p>The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated 231</p> <p>From Discourse V: “Knowledge Its Own End” 233</p> <p>From Discourse VII: “Knowledge Viewed in Relation to Professional Skill” 237</p> <p><b>William Barnes (1801–86) 239</b></p> <p>My Orchet in Linden Lea 240</p> <p>Childhood 240</p> <p>The Wife a-Lost 241</p> <p>Zummer An’ Winter 242</p> <p>From “Old Bardic Poetry” [Two Translations from the Welsh] in Macmillan’s Magazine (Aug. 1867). 243</p> <p>I Cynddyl´an’s Hall 243</p> <p>II An Englyn on a Yellow Greyhound 244</p> <p><b>Harriet Martineau (1802–76) 244</b></p> <p>Society in America (1837) 245</p> <p>From Chapter 3: “Morals of Politics” 245</p> <p>Section VI: “Citizenship of People of Colour” 245</p> <p>Section VII: “Political Non-Existence of Women” 246</p> <p><b>L. E. L. [Letitia Elizabeth Landon] (1802–38) 248</b></p> <p>Sappho’s Song 248</p> <p>Revenge 249</p> <p>Stanzas on the Death of Mrs. Hemans 250</p> <p>The Factory 253</p> <p>The Princess Victoria [I] 255</p> <p>The Princess Victoria [II] 257</p> <p><b>Elizabeth Duncan Campbell (1804–78) 258</b></p> <p>The Windmill of Sebastopol 258</p> <p>The Crimean War 261</p> <p>The Schoolmaster 263</p> <p>The Death of Willie, My Second Son 264</p> <p><b>Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–61) 266</b></p> <p>Stanzas Addressed to Miss Landon, 266</p> <p>L. E. L.’s Last Question 268</p> <p>A Musical Instrument 270</p> <p><b>John Stuart Mill (1806–73) 272</b></p> <p>On Liberty 273</p> <p>From “Introductory” 274</p> <p>The Subjection of Women 280</p> <p>From Chapter 1 280</p> <p><b>Caroline Norton (1808–77) 285</b></p> <p>From A Voice from the Factories 285</p> <p>The Picture of Sappho 290</p> <p><b>Charles Darwin (1809–82) 293</b></p> <p>From Autobiography 294</p> <p><b>Edward FitzGerald (1809–83) 301</b></p> <p>The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, The Astronomer-Poet of Persia 302</p> <p><b>Alfred Tennyson (1809–92) 318</b></p> <p>Mariana 319</p> <p>The Kraken 321</p> <p>The Lady of Shalott 321</p> <p>Ulysses 326</p> <p>[“Break, break, break”] 328</p> <p>In Memoriam A. H. H. 329</p> <p>The Eagle 415</p> <p>The Charge of the Light Brigade 416</p> <p>To Virgil 418</p> <p>“Frater Ave atque Vale” 419</p> <p>Crossing the Bar 420</p> <p><b>Robert Browning (1812–89) 420</b></p> <p>Porphyria’s Lover 421</p> <p>From Pippa Passes 423</p> <p>Song 423</p> <p>My Last Duchess 423</p> <p>Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister 424</p> <p>The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed’s Church 427</p> <p>Meeting at Night 431</p> <p>Parting at Morning 431</p> <p>Love Among the Ruins 431</p> <p>Fra Lippo Lippi 434</p> <p>Andrea del Sarto 444</p> <p>From Asolando 450</p> <p>Epilogue 450</p> <p><b>Edward Lear (1812–88) 451</b></p> <p>From A Book of Nonsense 452</p> <p>The Owl and the Pussy-Cat 453</p> <p>How Pleasant to Know Mr. Lear 454</p> <p><b>Samuel Smiles (1812–1904) 455</b></p> <p>Self-Help: With Illustrations of Character and Conduct 455</p> <p>From Chapter 1: “Self-Help: National and Individual” 455</p> <p>From Chapter 2: “Leaders of Industry—Inventors and Producers” [James Watt] 456</p> <p><b>Charlotte Brontë (1816–55) 457</b></p> <p>The Missionary 458</p> <p>“My feet they are sore, and my limbs they are weary” 462</p> <p>Eventide [“The house was still, the room was still”] 463</p> <p>Dec 24 [1848] [On the Death of Emily Brontë] 463</p> <p>June 21 1849 [On the Death of Anne Brontë] 464</p> <p><b>Grace Aguilar (1816–47) 464</b></p> <p>The Vision of Jerusalem 465</p> <p><b>Edwin Waugh (1817–90) 467</b></p> <p>Come Whoam to Thy Childer an’ Me 467</p> <p>Eawr Folk 468</p> <p><b>Emily Jane Brontë (1818–48) 470</b></p> <p>Remembrance 470</p> <p>Song [“The Linnet in the rocky dells”] 471</p> <p>To Imagination 472</p> <p>Plead for Me 473</p> <p>The Old Stoic 474</p> <p>“Shall earth no more inspire thee?” 475</p> <p>“Ay—there it is! it wakes to-night” 476</p> <p>“No coward soul is mine” 477</p> <p><b>Eliza Cook (1818–89) 477</b></p> <p>The Old Arm-Chair 478</p> <p><b>Arthur Hugh Clough (1819–61) 479</b></p> <p>Qui Laborat, Orat 480</p> <p>“Duty—that’s to say complying” 480</p> <p>The Latest Decalogue 482</p> <p>The Struggle 482</p> <p>Ah! Yet Consider it Again! 483</p> <p>Epi-strauss-ium 483</p> <p><b>John Ruskin (1819–1900) 484</b></p> <p>Modern Painters 485</p> <p>From “Of Water, as Painted by Turner” 487</p> <p>From “Of Pathetic Fallacy’’ 490</p> <p>The Stones of Venice 493</p> <p>From “The Nature of Gothic” 495</p> <p><b>Queen Victoria (1819–1901) 506</b></p> <p>Speech to Parliament 8 August 1851 506</p> <p>From Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands from 1848 to 1861 508</p> <p>Love for Balmoral 508</p> <p>Visits to the Old Women 508</p> <p><b>George Eliot (1819–80) 509</b></p> <p>“O May I Join the Choir Invisible” 510</p> <p><b>Anne Brontë (1820–49) 511</b></p> <p>Appeal 512</p> <p>The Captive Dove 512</p> <p>“O, they have robbed me of the hope” 513</p> <p>Domestic Peace 513</p> <p>[Last Lines] “I hoped that I was brave and strong” 514</p> <p><b>Jean Ingelow (1820–97) 516</b></p> <p>Remonstrance 516</p> <p>Like a Laverock in the Lift 517</p> <p>On the Borders of Cannock Chase 517</p> <p><b>Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) 518</b></p> <p>Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not 519</p> <p>Preface 519</p> <p>[Introduction] 519</p> <p>“Note Upon Some Errors in Novels” 522</p> <p>From Cassandra 524</p> <p><b>Dora Greenwell (1821–82) 529</b></p> <p>A Scherzo 529</p> <p>To Elizabeth Barrett Browning in 1851 530</p> <p>To Elizabeth Barrett Browning in 1861 531</p> <p>To Christina Rossetti 531</p> <p><b>Matthew Arnold (1822–88) 532</b></p> <p>The Forsaken Merman 532</p> <p>Memorial Verses 536</p> <p>[Isolation] To Marguerite 538</p> <p>To Marguerite, in Returning a Volume of the Letters of Ortis 539</p> <p>The Buried Life 540</p> <p>Lines Written in Kensington Gardens 542</p> <p>Philomela 544</p> <p>Requiescat 545</p> <p>Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse 545</p> <p>East London 551</p> <p>West London 552</p> <p>Dover Beach 552</p> <p>Growing Old 553</p> <p>Preface to Poems (1853) 554</p> <p><b>Coventry Patmore (1823–96) 564</b></p> <p>From The Angel in the House 565</p> <p>Book I: The Prologue 565</p> <p>III Honoria: the Accompaniments 568</p> <p>1 The Lover 568</p> <p>Book II: “The Espousals” 570</p> <p>X the Epitaph: the Accompaniments 570</p> <p>3 The Foreign Land 570</p> <p>XI the Departure: the Accompaniments 570</p> <p>1 Womanhood 570</p> <p>Idyl XI: The Departure 571</p> <p>The Epilogue 572</p> <p><b>Sydney Dobell (1824–74) 572</b></p> <p>To the Authoress of “Aurora Leigh” 573</p> <p>Two Sonnets on the Death of Prince Albert 573</p> <p><b>William Topaz McGonagall (1825–1902) 574</b></p> <p>The Tay Bridge Disaster 575</p> <p>The Death of the Queen 577</p> <p><b>Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) 578</b></p> <p>From “‘On a Piece of Chalk.’ A Lecture to Working Men” 579</p> <p><b>Adelaide Anne Procter (1825–64) 583</b></p> <p>Envy 583</p> <p>A Woman’s Question 584</p> <p>A Woman’s Answer 585</p> <p>A Lost Cord 586</p> <p>A Woman’s Last Word 587</p> <p><b>Eliza Harriet Keary (1827–1918) 588</b></p> <p>Disenchanted 588</p> <p>Renunciation 589</p> <p>A Mother’s Call 589</p> <p>Old Age 590</p> <p>A Portrait 590</p> <p><b>Samuel Laycock (1826–93) 591</b></p> <p>To My Owd Friend, Thomas Kenworthy 591</p> <p>John Bull an’ His Tricks! 592</p> <p><b>Emily Pfeiffer (1827–90) 594</b></p> <p>Peace to the Odalisque [I] 595</p> <p>[Peace to the Odalisque II] 595</p> <p>Any Husband to Many a Wife 596</p> <p>Studies from the Antique 596</p> <p>Kassandra I 596</p> <p>Kassandra II 597</p> <p>Klytemnestra I 597</p> <p>Klytemnestra II 598</p> <p><b>Ellen Johnston (c.1827–74) 598</b></p> <p>The Working Man 599</p> <p>The Last Sark 599</p> <p>Nelly’s Lament for the Pirnhouse Cat 600</p> <p>Wanted, a Man 601</p> <p>The Last Lay of “The Factory Girl” 603</p> <p><b>George Meredith (1828–1909) 605</b></p> <p>Lucifer in Starlight 605</p> <p><b>Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–82) 606</b></p> <p>The Girlhood of Mary Virgin 607</p> <p>The Blessed Damozel 608</p> <p>The Woodspurge 614</p> <p>Jenny 614</p> <p>The Ballad of Dead Ladies 623</p> <p>Sunset Wings 625</p> <p>“Found” 626</p> <p>Spheral Change 626</p> <p>Proserpina 627</p> <p><b>Gerald Massey (1828–1907) 628</b></p> <p>The Cry of the Unemployed 628</p> <p>The Red Banner 629</p> <p>The Awakening of the People 630</p> <p><b>Elizabeth Siddal (1829–62) 631</b></p> <p>Dead Love 632</p> <p>Love and Hate 632</p> <p>Lord, May I Come? 633</p> <p><b>Christina Rossetti (1830–94) 634</b></p> <p>Sappho 635</p> <p>Goblin Market 635</p> <p>A Birthday 649</p> <p>Remember 649</p> <p>After Death 650</p> <p>An Apple Gathering 650</p> <p>Echo 651</p> <p>My Secret 652</p> <p>“No, Thank You, John” 653</p> <p>Song 654</p> <p>Up-Hill 654</p> <p>A Better Resurrection 655</p> <p>L. E. L. 655</p> <p>From Sing-Song 656</p> <p>Monna Innominata: A Sonnet of Sonnets 658</p> <p>A Life’s Parallels 667</p> <p>“For Thine Own Sake, O My God” 667</p> <p>Birchington Churchyard 668</p> <p>Cobwebs 668</p> <p>In an Artist’s Studio 669</p> <p>An Echo from Willow-Wood 669</p> <p>Sleeping at Last 670</p> <p><b>Lewis Carroll (1832–98) 671</b></p> <p>From Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 672</p> <p>[Prefatory Poem] “All in the golden afternoon” 672</p> <p>From Through the Looking-Glass 673</p> <p>[Prefatory Poem] “Child of the pure unclouded brow” 673</p> <p>Jabberwocky 674</p> <p>The Walrus and the Carpenter 676</p> <p>[Concluding Poem] “A boat, beneath a sunny sky” 678</p> <p><b>William Morris (1834–96) 679</b></p> <p>Riding Together 680</p> <p>The Defence of Guenevere 682</p> <p>The Haystack in the Floods 693</p> <p>In Prison 697</p> <p>From The Earthly Paradise: An Apology 698</p> <p><b>James Thomson [B. V.] (1834–82) 700</b></p> <p>The City of Dreadful Night 700</p> <p>Proem 701</p> <p>I “The City is of Night; perchance of Death” 703</p> <p>II “because He Seemed to Walk with An Intent” 704</p> <p>VI “i Sat Forlornly by the River-side” 704</p> <p>VII “some Say That Phantoms Haunt Those Shadowy Streets” 706</p> <p>IX “it Is Full Strange to Him Who Hears and Feels” 707</p> <p>XIII “of All Things Human Which Are Strange and Wild” 708</p> <p>xiv “Large glooms were gathered in the mighty fane” 709</p> <p>xvi “Our shadowy congregation rested still” 712</p> <p>xix “The mighty river flowing dark and deep” 713</p> <p>xx “I sat me weary on a pillar’s base” 715</p> <p>xxi “Anear the centre of that northern crest” 716</p> <p>E. B. B. 719</p> <p><b>William Schwenck Gilbert (1836–1911) 720</b></p> <p>From Patience 720</p> <p>Bunthorne’s Recitative and Song [“Am I alone, and unobserved?”] 720</p> <p>Bunthorne and Grosvenor’s Duet [“When I go out of door”] 722</p> <p>From Iolanthe 724</p> <p>Lord Mountararat’s Solo [“When Britain really ruled the waves”] 724</p> <p>From The Gondoliers 725</p> <p>Quartet [“Then one of us will be a Queen”] 725</p> <p>Giuseppe’s Solo [“Rising early in the morning”] 727</p> <p><b>Augusta Webster (1837–94) 729</b></p> <p>A Castaway 730</p> <p><b>Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909) 746</b></p> <p>From Atalanta in Calydon 747</p> <p>Chorus [“When the hounds of spring are on winter’s traces”] 747</p> <p>Chorus [“Before the beginning of years”] 749</p> <p>The Leper 751</p> <p>Before the Mirror 755</p> <p>Nephelidia 757</p> <p>From “A Sequence of Sonnets on the Death of Robert Browning” 759</p> <p><b>Walter Horatio Pater (1839–94) 759</b></p> <p>Studies in the History of the Renaissance 760</p> <p>Preface 762</p> <p>Conclusion 766</p> <p><b>Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) 769</b></p> <p>Hap 769</p> <p>Neutral Tones 770</p> <p>Nature’s Questioning 770</p> <p>A Christmas Ghost-Story 771</p> <p>The Dead Drummer [Drummer Hodge] 772</p> <p>The Darkling Thrush 773</p> <p>The Ruined Maid 774</p> <p>De Profundis [In Tenebris] I 775</p> <p>De Profundis [in Tenebris] II 776</p> <p><b>Mathilde Blind (1841–96) 776</b></p> <p>Winter 777</p> <p>The Dead 777</p> <p>Manchester by Night 778</p> <p>The Red Sunsets, 1883 [I] 778</p> <p>The Red Sunsets, 1883 [II] 779</p> <p><b>Violet Fane (1843–1905) 779</b></p> <p>Lancelot and Guinevere 780</p> <p><b>Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844–89) 783</b></p> <p>The Wreck of the Deutschland 784</p> <p>God’s Grandeur 796</p> <p>The Starlight Night 796</p> <p>Spring 797</p> <p>The Windhover 797</p> <p>Pied Beauty 798</p> <p>Hurrahing in Harvest 798</p> <p>Binsey Poplars 799</p> <p>Duns Scotus’s Oxford 800</p> <p>Felix Randal 800</p> <p>Spring and Fall: 801</p> <p>“As kingfishers catch fire, dragonflies dráw fláme” 801</p> <p>[Carrion Comfort] 802</p> <p>Tom’s Garland 803</p> <p>Harry Ploughman 804</p> <p>That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire and of the Comfort of the Resurrection 805</p> <p>[“Thou art indeed just, Lord”] 805</p> <p><b>Louisa Sarah Bevington (1845–95) 806</b></p> <p>Morning 806</p> <p>Afternoon 807</p> <p>Twilight 808</p> <p>Midnight 809</p> <p><b>Marion Bernstein (1846–1906) 810</b></p> <p>Woman’s Rights and Wrongs 810</p> <p>A Rule to Work Both Ways 811</p> <p>Wanted A Husband 812</p> <p>Human Rights 813</p> <p>A Dream 813</p> <p>Married and “Settled” 814</p> <p><b>Michael Field [Katharine Harris Bradley (1846–1914) and Edith Cooper (1862–1913)] 815</b></p> <p>An Æolian Harp 816</p> <p>xiv [My Darling] 817</p> <p>xxxv [“Come, Gorgo, put the rug in place”] 818</p> <p>[“O free me, for I take the leap”] 818</p> <p>Praise of Thanatos 819</p> <p>In Memoriam 820</p> <p>Mona Lisa—Leonardo da Vinci (The Louvre) 820</p> <p>To Correggio’s Holy Sebastian (Dresden) 821</p> <p>Cupid’s Visit [“I lay sick in a foreign land”] 821</p> <p>The Birth of Venus 822</p> <p>[“Sometimes I do dispatch my heart”] 823</p> <p>[“Ah, Eros doth not always smite”] 823</p> <p>Cyclamens 824</p> <p>[“Already to mine eyelids’ shore”] 824</p> <p>[“A Girl”] 824</p> <p>[“I sing thee with a stock-dove’s throat”] 825</p> <p>Unbosoming 825</p> <p>[“It was deep April”] 826</p> <p>[“Solitary Death, make me thine own”] 826</p> <p>Walter Pater 827</p> <p>Constancy 827</p> <p>To Christina Rossetti 828</p> <p>Penetration 828</p> <p>To the Winter Aphrodite 829</p> <p>“I love you with my life” 829</p> <p>A Palimpsest 829</p> <p>“Beloved, my glory in thee is not ceased” 830</p> <p>“Lo, my loved is dying” 830</p> <p><b>Alice Meynell (1847–1922) 830</b></p> <p>Renouncement 831</p> <p>Unlinked 831</p> <p>Parentage 832</p> <p>Maternity 832</p> <p><b>William Hurrell Mallock (1849–1923) 833</b></p> <p>Christmas Thoughts, by a Modern Thinker 833</p> <p><b>William Ernest Henley (1849–1903) 836</b></p> <p>From In Hospital 836</p> <p>I Enter Patient 836</p> <p>II Waiting 837</p> <p>xiv Ave, Caesar! 837</p> <p>IV to R. T. H. B. [invictus] 838</p> <p>We Shall Surely Die 838</p> <p>When You Are Old 839</p> <p>Double Ballade of Life and Fate 839</p> <p>Remonstrance 841</p> <p>Pro Rege Nostro 841</p> <p><b>Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–94) 843</b></p> <p>From Treasure Island 843</p> <p>To the Hesitating Purchaser 843<br /> A Child’s Garden of Verses 844</p> <p>[From the first section] 844</p> <p>I Bed in Summer 844</p> <p>V Whole Duty of Children 845</p> <p>xxviii Foreign Children 845</p> <p>From Underwoods 846</p> <p>xxi Requiem 846</p> <p>“A Plea for Gas Lamps” 846</p> <p><b>Arthur Clement Hilton (1851–77) 849</b></p> <p>Octopus 849</p> <p><b>Oscar Wilde (1854–1900) 850</b></p> <p>Requiescat 851</p> <p>Impression du Matin 852</p> <p>Helas! 852</p> <p>Impressions 853</p> <p>I Le Jardin 853</p> <p>II La Mer 853</p> <p>Symphony in Yellow 854</p> <p>The Harlot’s House 854</p> <p>A Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray 855</p> <p><b>John Davidson (1857–1909) 857</b></p> <p>Thirty Bob a Week 857</p> <p>A Northern Suburb 860</p> <p>Battle 861</p> <p><b>Constance Naden (1858–89) 861</b></p> <p>The Lady Doctor 862</p> <p>Love Versus Learning 864</p> <p>To Amy, On Receiving Her Photograph 866</p> <p>The New Orthodoxy 866</p> <p>Natural Selection 868</p> <p><b>A. E. Housman (1859–1936) 869</b></p> <p>A Shropshire Lad 870</p> <p>I 1887 870</p> <p>II “loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now” 871</p> <p>XIII “when I Was One-and-twenty” 872</p> <p>xix To an Athlete Dying Young 872</p> <p>xxvii “Is my team ploughing?” 873</p> <p>xxx “Others, I am not the first” 874</p> <p>xxxi “On Wenlock Edge the wood’s in trouble” 875</p> <p>xxxv “On the idle hill of summer” 875</p> <p>xlv “If by chance your eye offend you” 876</p> <p>liv “With rue my heart is laden” 876</p> <p>lxii “Terence, this is stupid stuff ” 877<br /> Additional Poems 879</p> <p>xviii “Oh who is that young sinner with the handcuffs on his wrists?” 879</p> <p><b>Francis Thompson (1859–1907) 880</b></p> <p>The Hound of Heaven 880</p> <p><b>Rosamund Marriott Watson (1860–1911) 885</b></p> <p>Scythe Song 886</p> <p>Triolet 887</p> <p>Omar Khayyám 887</p> <p>Dead Poets 888</p> <p>In the Rain 889</p> <p>A Summer Night 890</p> <p>Chimæra 891</p> <p><b>Mary Elizabeth Coleridge (1861–1907) 892</b></p> <p>Gone 893</p> <p>The Other Side of a Mirror 893</p> <p>Mortal Combat 894</p> <p>The Witch 894</p> <p>Marriage 895</p> <p>The White Women 895</p> <p>Death and the Lady 897</p> <p><b>Amy Levy (1861–89) 897</b></p> <p>Felo De Se 898</p> <p>Magdalen 899</p> <p>A Wallflower 901</p> <p>The First Extra 901</p> <p>At a Dinner Party 902</p> <p>A Ballad of Religion and Marriage 902</p> <p><b>Henry Newbolt (1862–1938) 903</b></p> <p>Vitaï Lampada 904</p> <p>“He Fell Among Thieves” 905</p> <p>The Dictionary of National Biography 906</p> <p>The Vigil 907</p> <p>Clifton Chapel 908</p> <p><b>Arthur Symons (1865–1945) 909</b></p> <p>Pastel 910</p> <p>The Absinthe Drinker 910</p> <p>Javanese Dancers 911</p> <p>Hallucination 912</p> <p>White Heliotrope 913</p> <p>Bianca 913</p> <p><b>William Butler Yeats (1865–1939) 914</b></p> <p>The Stolen Child 915</p> <p>The Lake Isle of Innisfree 916</p> <p>An Old Song Re-Sung [Down by the Salley Gardens] 917</p> <p>When You Are Old 917</p> <p><b>Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) 918</b></p> <p>Gunga Din 918</p> <p>The Widow at Windsor 921</p> <p>Mandalay 922</p> <p>Recessional 923</p> <p>The White Man’s Burden: An Address to the United States 924</p> <p><b>Lionel Johnson (1867–1902) 926</b></p> <p>The Dark Angel 927</p> <p>The Destroyer of a Soul 928</p> <p>A Decadent’s Lyric 929</p> <p><b>Ernest Dowson (1867–1900) 929</b></p> <p>Non Sum Qualis Eram Bonae Sub Regno Cynarae 930</p> <p>Nuns of the Perpetual Adoration 931</p> <p>Vitae Summa Brevis Spem Non Vetat Incohare Longam 932</p> <p>Benedictio Domini 932</p> <p>Spleen 933</p> <p>Villanelle of the Poet’s Road 934</p> <p><b>Charlotte Mew (1869–1928) 934</b></p> <p>V.R.I. 935</p> <p>I [January 22nd, 1901] 935</p> <p>II [february 2nd, 1901] 935</p> <p>To a Little Child in Death 935</p> <p>At the Convent Gate 936</p> <p>Song [“Oh! Sorrow”] 937</p> <p>Not for that City 937</p> <p>Requiescat 938</p> <p>The Farmer’s Bride 939</p> <p>Index of Authors and Titles 941</p>

<p><b>Victor Shea</b> is Associate Professor of Humanities and English at York University, Canada. He holds degrees from University of Prince Edward Island, University of Toronto, and York University. His research interests include Victorian culture and literature, British Empire and imperialism, American Studies, and literary theory. With William Whitla, he is co-editor of <i>Essays and Reviews: The 1860 Text and its Readings</i> (2000) and co-author of <i>Foundations: Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing</i> (2^nd edition, 2005).</p> <p><b>William Whitla</b> is Professor Emeritus and Senior Scholar in English and Humanities at York University, Canada.  He holds degrees from University of Toronto, TrinityCollege, and University of Oxford. His research interests include Victorian culture and literature, literary theory, and interdisciplinary studies in medieval and Renaissance studies. He is the author of <i>The English Handbook: A Guide to Literary Studies</i> (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010). With Victor Shea, he is co-editor of <i>Essays and Reviews: The 1860 Text and its Readings</i> (2000) and co-author of <i>Foundations: Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing</i> (2^nd edition, 2005).</p>

<p><i>Victorian Literature</i> is a comprehensive and fully annotated anthology with a flexible design that allows teachers and students to pursue traditional or innovative lines of inquiry. Included in this collection are 105 of the period’s prose, poetry, drama, and nonfiction writers, including such canonical authors as Tennyson, Arnold, the Brownings, Carlyle, Ruskin, the Rossettis, Wilde, Eliot, and the Brontës. Fifty authors are women.</p> <p>In addition to selections from the major authors of the period, the volume promotes an ideologically and culturally varied view of Victorian society by including women, working-class, colonial, gay and lesbian writers, and dialect poets. These selections offer readers the opportunity to study new voices beyond the canon. There are 5 contextual sections covering the Condition of England; Gender, Women, and Sexuality; Literature and the Arts; Religion and Science; and Empire. These contexts are interdisciplinary in nature and examine the social, cultural, artistic, and historical factors at play during the period. They also contain unexpected sub-sections on topics of recent scholarship, such as environmentalism and animal rights; mass literacy and mass media; sex and sexuality; Victorian childhood; melodrama and comedy; the Irish question; ruling India and the Indian Mutiny; innovations in print culture; and the science of race.<br /> <br /> The coverage is further expanded with  an extensive website for teachers and students that presents additional contextual readings (each with new sub-sections, such as Orientalism, ecclesiastical parties, literature and new technologies, law and the sexual subject), visual materials, audio recordings, maps, chronologies, and thematic indexes.  These are  fully  integrated with the text and include detailed annotations about names, places, events, allusions, and leading ideas. From the canon to its extensions to its contexts, this website is a fresh and exciting introduction to the diversity of the Victorian age.</p>

<p>“A fully annotated anthology of Victorian literature is a massive undertaking, and the editors are to be commended for this near-heroic level of endeavor and the inclusiveness of their selections.”—<i>Florence Boos, University of Iowa<br /> </i><br /> “In <i>Victorian Literature</i> Shea and Whitla have created a unique anthology that continues as an online resource, extending the contents in deep and subtle ways. The reader finds a rich account of Victorian culture, from issues of industrialisation, gender, and colonial ideology to the art and architecture of the period, including <i>the</i> Victorian art form, the photograph. The comprehensive gathering of poems includes women's poetry and working-class poetry.”—<i>Isobel Armstrong, Birkbeck, University of London</i></p>

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